Dietary patterns and the risk of abnormal blood lipids among young adults: A prospective cohort study

Background and aimsThe extent to which dietary patterns influence the risk of abnormal blood lipids throughout young adulthood remains unclear. The aim was to investigate whether early young adulthood dietary patterns predict the risk of abnormal blood lipids during later young adulthood.Methods and resultsWe used data from a long running birth cohort study in Australia. Western dietary pattern rich in meats, processed foods and high-fat dairy products and prudent pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, whole grains and low-fat dairy products were derived using principal component analysis at the 21-year follow-up from dietary data obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. After 9-years, fasting blood samples of all participants were collected and their total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Abnormal blood lipids were based on clinical cut-offs for total, LDL and HDL cholesterols, and TG and relative distributions for total:HDL and TG:HDL cholesterols ratios. Log-binomial models were used to estimate risk of each outcome in relation to dietary patterns. Greater adherence to the Western pattern predicted increased risks of high LDL (RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.03) and TG (1.90; 1.25, 2.86), and high ratios of total:HDL (1.48; 1.00, 2.19) and TG:HDL (1.78; 1.18, 2.70) cholesterols in fully adjusted models. Conversely, a prudent pattern predicted reduced risks of low HDL (0.58; 0.42, 0.78) and high TG (0.66; 0.47, 0.92) and high total:HDL (0.71; 0.51, 0.98) and TG:HDL (0.61; 0.45, 0.84) cholesterols ratios.ConclusionThis is the first prospective study to show greater adherence to unhealthy Western diet predicted increased risks of abnormal blood lipids, whereas healthy prudent diet predicted lower such risks in young adults. Addressing diets in early course may improve cardiovascular health of young adults.     

Research of connective tissue dysplasia influence on teething

PurposeThis work aimed to study the rate and quality of maturation of the mineral component of retained teeth 3.8, 4.8 and lower jaw fragment of a human in connective tissue dysplasia in different periods of postpartum ontogenesis.MethodsThe study involved 102 men (76 with connective tissue dysplasia and 26 without connective tissue dysplasia) divided into groups by age: 31–40, 41–50, 51–60 years. One tooth 3.8, 4.8 and a fragment of the alveolar part of the lower jaw in the projection of teeth 3.8, 4.8 0.5*0.5 cm in size were extracted from each examinee for medical indications.ResultsLow optical density values are observed at the age of 41–50 years, at the age of 51–60 years, indicating decreased mineral density and the presence of total areas of hypomineralization from the age 31–40 years in connective tissue dysplasia. At the age of 41–50, 51–60 years, at the boundary of connective tissue structures and periosteum, a pronounced sclerosis and deformation of delineation elements were observed; at the age of 31–40 years, the indicated changes were less pronounced. At the age of 31–40 years, the level of bone plate dissection has a local character, after 40 years, it has a generalized character.ConclusionProgressive osteoporosis of the mandible and incomplete amelogenesis are an obstacle to the correct and harmonious teething of the lower wisdom teeth after the age of 30.     

Key Social Determinants to Narrow the Gap between Health-adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy in Megacities

ObjectiveImprovement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and life expectancy (LE). The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely reported. This study aimed to disclose this potential relationship.MethodsAnnual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou, China, from 2010 to 2020. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend. Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social determinants.ResultsAlthough LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily, their gap is widening. Socio-economic and health services are guaranteed to narrow this gap. Increasing personal wealth, a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants, high urbanization, and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this gap.ConclusionIn megacities, parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their gap. Multiple social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.     

四物汤传统饮片汤剂与配方颗粒汤剂有效成分比较

目的比较四物汤传统饮片汤剂与其配方颗粒汤剂有效成分的含有量差异。方法四物汤传统饮片汤剂与其配方颗粒汤剂溶液的分析采用依利特SinoChrom ODB⁃BP柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈⁃0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.8 mL/min;检测波长215 nm(没食子酸),230 nm(芍药苷),330 nm(绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷);柱温30℃。结果6种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9996),平均加样回收率96.81%~99.01%,RSD 0.81%~1.58%。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于四物汤的质量控制。     

基于统计形状模型的三维足形状建模

目的构建足的三维统计形状模型(statistical shape model,SSM),揭示足形状的三维变化特征。方法 50名中国青年男性正常足数据用于三维统计形状建模,通过足面网格配准、点对齐及主成分(principal component,PC)降维分析等步骤,获得平均足形态及在各PC维度标准差等参数化的足形态。结果通过PC降维分析,三维足型主要在长短及宽窄(PC1,48.01%)、足弓高度及足背厚度(PC2,11.38%)及大脚趾展收(PC3,7.48%)等维度变化。结论通过构建参数化的足三维SSM,可运用至基于该人群的鞋楦制作、鞋垫定制及临床足病快速诊断等应用。     

Describing the mandible in patients with craniofacial microsomia based on principal component analysis and thin plate spline video analysis

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is most often described as a unilateral malformation of derivatives of the first and second branchial arches. The mandible has been classified using several classification systems. However, all are based on two-dimensional imaging. The aim of this study was to mathematically describe the deformed mandible based on principal component analysis (PCA) in a three-dimensional way. This may aid in defining the flaws in existing surgical corrections of the mandible through the identification of the differences in shape compared with a normal mandible in a holistic view with the help of videos. Forty-three homologous landmarks were defined to describe a mandible with CFM. Computed tomography scans of 22 patients and 30 controls were marked manually. The changes in shape between the mandibles were visualized using videos. A lateral rotation with increase in posterior rotation of the condyle due to shortening of the condyle–gonial height and a longitudinal rotation with outward bending of the mandibular angle were noted on the affected side, as well as an inward bending of the angle on the unaffected side. Due to the compensatory remodelling of the mandible on the unaffected side, one could suggest that CFM is never truly unilateral.     

不同药用辅料流化床制粒的物性质量分析研究

目的研究5种药用辅料制粒后颗粒的物性指标,分析探讨颗粒物性指标的相关性及颗粒物性质量。方法采用Pearson相关性分析法分析颗粒的7项评价指标相关性,采用主成分分析法对颗粒物性指标进行主成分分析和综合评价。结果粒径分布宽度与松密度及振实密度呈极显著正相关,松密度与振实密度呈极显著正相关,振实密度与压缩度呈显著正相关。对第一主成分产生正向影响较大的物性指标是粒径分布宽度和振实密度。乳糖+水制成的颗粒及甘露醇+水制成的颗粒综合评价得分较高,可溶性淀粉+HPMC制成的颗粒综合评价得分最低。结论不同药用辅料制成的颗粒物性质量存在差异,乳糖和甘露醇分别以水为粘合剂制成的颗粒物性质量较好,可溶性淀粉以HPMC为粘合剂制成的颗粒物性质量较差。     

不同产地泽泻HPLC指纹图谱建立及模式识别

目的建立不同产地泽泻HPLC指纹图谱,并对其进行模式识别。方法泽泻乙腈提取物的分析采用Hanbon Hedera ODS-2 C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相水-乙腈,梯度洗脱;柱温35℃;体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长210 nm。对结果进行化学模式识别(聚类分析、主成分分析和正交最小二乘法判别分析)。结果 19批四川产地样品指纹图谱中有17个共有峰,11批广西产地样品指纹图谱中12个共有峰,相似度均大于0.94。正交最小二乘法判别分析结合HPLC-MS/MS及对照品比对,筛选出泽泻醇B、泽泻醇A、11-去氧泽泻醇C、23-乙酰泽泻醇B、泽泻醇O、24-乙酰泽泻醇A6种主要差异性成分。结论该方法稳定可靠,可将四川、广西产地泽泻进行明显区分,从而用于该药材的质量控制与评价。     

Aberrant expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes in aggressive malignant gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors

IntroductionRecent reports on gene expression profiling (GEP) show several genes associated with malignant progression of GIST. However, genes associated with malignant transformation have not been clarified. Here, we aimed to reveal distinct genes in aggressive malignant GIST, using comprehensive gene expression analysis.Materials and methodsWe investigated GEP obtained by microarrays for 43 gastric GISTs, which mostly harbored KIT and PDGFRA mutations and integrated clinicopathological risk information. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed for FZD7, a receptor of Wnt ligands.ResultsGEP divided 43 gastric GISTs into two clusters. A cluster included seven of eight high-risk GISTs (88%) in modified NIH classification and was defined as high-risk cluster; the other cluster was defined as low-risk cluster. The number of probes with over 3-fold changes between the two clusters was 1,177, in which probes corresponding to 16 oncogenes were included. Genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway were the most abundant among the 16 oncogenes. Focusing on 73 Wnt signaling pathway genes of the 21,578 probes, 12 upregulated and 5 downregulated genes were found in the high-risk cluster. Major cascade genes promoting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including WNT11, FZD family, and DVL2, were upregulated in the high-risk cluster. SNAI1, SNAI2, and BIRC5, which are activated by this pathway and increase cell proliferation, were also upregulated. These gene expression alterations were consistent in the positive direction of this pathway. GISTs in high-risk cluster strongly expressed FZD7.ConclusionWnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play an important role in malignant transformation of indolent GIST.     

Effects of footwear fixation on joint angle variability during straight gait in the elderly

BackgroundVarious types of footwear fixation can dramatically alter gait characteristics, and could potentially contribute to an increased risk of falls in the elderly. However, no studies have been conducted to analyze the effects of footwear fixation on joint angle variabilities, particularly during the entire gait cycle.Research questionDoes the fixation of footwear significantly affect the lower limb joint angle variabilities during the gait cycle?MethodsPrincipal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on 20 healthy adults using 3D spatio-temporal data of the pelvis and lower limb joint angle that were collected during the entire gait cycle with the footwear in various conditions (well-fixated footwear, less-fixated footwear, slippers, and bare feet). Kinematic waveforms were reconstructed from the PCA data, which were used to determine the distinct differences in joint angle variabilities between footwear conditions.ResultsThe results showed large variability in the knee- and ankle-joint angles on the sagittal plane when walking in the loose condition (less-fixated footwear, slippers, and bare feet) compared with those in the well-fixated footwear condition.SignificanceThese results demonstrate the effect of footwear fixation on the joint angle variabilities of the elderly while walking. The increase in the knee- and ankle-joint angle variabilities when walking with less-fixated footwear could be a risk factor for falls.