Defining the dimensions of circulating tumor cells in a large series of breast,prostate, colon,and bladder cancer patients

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients are of high clinical relevance. Since detection and isolation of CTCs often rely on cell dimensions, knowledge of their size is key. We analyzed the median CTC size in a large cohort of breast (BC), prostate (PC), colorectal (CRC), and bladder (BLC) cancer patients. Images of patient‐derived CTCs acquired on cartridges of the FDA‐cleared CellSearch^® method were retrospectively collected and automatically re‐analyzed using the accept software package. The median CTC diameter (μm) was computed per tumor type. The size differences between the different tumor types and references (tumor cell lines and leukocytes) were nonparametrically tested. A total of 1962 CellSearch^® cartridges containing 71 612 CTCs were included. In BC, the median computed diameter (CD) of patient‐derived CTCs was 12.4 μm vs 18.4 μm for cultured cell line cells. For PC, CDs were 10.3 μm for CTCs vs 20.7 μm for cultured cell line cells. CDs for CTCs of CRC and BLC were 7.5 μm and 8.6 μm, respectively. Finally, leukocytes were 9.4 μm. CTC size differed statistically significantly between the four tumor types and between CTCs and the reference data. CTC size differences between tumor types are striking and CTCs are smaller than cell line tumor cells, whose size is often used as reference when developing CTC analysis methods. Based on our data, we suggest that the size of CTCs matters and should be kept in mind when designing and optimizing size‐based isolation methods.

Abbreviations

ACCEPT

Automated CTC Classification, Enumeration, and PhenoTyping software

BC

breast cancer

BLC

bladder cancer

CD

computed diameter

CEL

cultured tumor cell (cell line)

CK

cytokeratin

CRC

colorectal cancer

CTC‐L

circulating tumor cells derived from cerebrospinal fluid (liquor)

CTCs

circulating tumor cells

DAPI

4′6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole

EMT

epithelial–mesenchymal transition

EpCAM

epithelial cell adhesion molecule

IQR

interquartile range

KW test

Kruskal–Wallis test

MWU test

Mann–Whitney U test

NCR

nucleus/cytoplasm ratio

P2A

perimeter to area

PC

prostate cancer

TIF

tagged Image Format files

TXT

text file

μm

micrometer

µm²

square micrometers

     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间基于列线图预测隔离留观患者的焦虑抑郁情绪

<正>新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)因其传播速度快、传染性强及人群易感等特点,已被我国列入乙类传染病并按甲类传染病管理[1]。发热门诊隔离留观的患者具有发热等类新冠症状且面对环境的改变对心理可能带来负面影响。故本研究探讨COVID-19流行期间发热门诊隔离留观患者焦虑抑郁情绪及相关因素,以期尽早识别高危患者并进行心理干预治疗。     

医院临床技能培训中心在应对疫情专项技能培训中的作用——以南通大学第五附属医院临床技能培训中心为例

2019 年底新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称新冠肺炎）疫情发生后，为抗击疫情和保障医护人员自身安全，开展了传染病防护技能专项培训。在本医院的临床技能培训中心，按“三区两通道”设置模拟隔离病区、开发传染病防控专项培训课程，对全体医护人员（特别是一线医护人员）进行传染病防护技能、进出隔离病区等项目实景培训及实战练习。以期迅速有效地提升医护人员传染病防护技能和防护下临床操作的熟练度、精准度，在更好地治疗患者的同时，实现了医护人员“零感染”的目标。同时也说明在医院临床技能培训中心设置模拟隔离病区、开设传染病防护技能课程，并纳入常态化培训考核的必要性和重要性。     

丝棉木种子化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性

目的 研究丝棉木Euonymus maackii Rupr.种子的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性.方法 丝棉木种子95%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶、D101、反相HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构.MTT法测定其抗肿瘤活性.结果 从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为1β-甲基正丁酰氧基-2β-苯甲酰氧基-4α-羟基-6α-呋喃酰氧基-9β,12-二乙酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,2β,8β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(2)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正己酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(3)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正辛酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(4)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正癸酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(5)、卫矛羰碱(6)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-2β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(7)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(8)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9 α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-1β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(9)、6α,9β,12-四乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(10).化合物6对Hela细胞有明显的抑制作用,IC50为9.76 μg/mL.结论 化合物1为新化合物.化合物6有一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

枇杷叶紫珠化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性

目的研究枇杷叶紫珠Callicarpa kochiana的化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。方法枇杷叶紫珠90%丙酮提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、ODS、重结晶、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用CCK8法、Griess法、ELISA法测定化合物4~5的细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为3,7,3’,4’-tetramethyl-quercetin (1)、pachypodol (2)、14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid(3)、14α-hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (4)、(16R)-16,17-dihydroxyphyllolladan-3-one (5)。化合物4在一定浓度范围内对7种肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的抑制作用,并可以减少RAW264. 7细胞NO、IL-10、MCP-1、TNF-α的释放量。结论化合物1~5均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物4具有细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。     

肿瘤合并感染新冠肺炎患者临床分析及疫情期间肿瘤患者的管理建议

目的:探讨分析肿瘤合并新冠病毒感染患者情况并提出自己的思考与建议。方法:通过统计2020年1月至2020年3月期间纳入的313名本院肿瘤科在新冠疫情期间肿瘤合并感染新冠肺炎患者情况，汇总临床资料，分析患者肺部影像学特点，总结肿瘤合并新冠肺炎病毒感染患者临床特征、预后及转归等，并提出自己建议。结果:科室总共313名患者住院，5名新冠感染患者，新冠病毒肺炎发生率为1.6%，这比之前所报道的武汉市新冠病毒普通人群发生率0.37%要高接近3倍，肿瘤合并新冠患者死亡率接近20%。结论:对于疫情结束初期病房应尽量减少患者非必要往返医院次数，实行肿瘤患者分层管理，加强轻症患者随访，线上管理等；而对于住院患者，则采取缓冲分诊模式，做好病房消毒隔离以及管理，避免感染，减少肿瘤病房新型冠状病毒爆发概率。