CT测量成人寰枢椎后方部分结构数据设计寰枢椎板间融合器

文题释义： 寰枢椎脱位：可分为可复性、难复性和不可复性脱位3种类型，其可导致C_1/2水平脊髓压迫而造成神经功能障碍症状，临床上多需要进行手术治疗，后路钉棒固定融合术是最常用的手术方式。 寰枢椎板间融合器：与寰枢椎侧块关节融合器不同，其直接固定在寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板骨面上，是一种新型融合器，此融合器可配合广泛使用的后路钉棒内固定手术，置入简便，增加植骨与寰椎后弓及枢椎椎板骨面的接触应力，促进骨性融合。 背景：寰枢椎融合器一直以侧块关节融合器为研究热点，但其置入操作风险过大，目前临床上一直缺乏可广泛应用的寰枢椎融合器。 目的：探究成人后路寰枢椎板间融合器的CT影像解剖学可行性并给出初步设计。 方法：对100例成人(男50例，女50例)寰枢椎CT三维成像进行测量，测量指标包括寰椎单侧后弓长度、寰椎后弓厚度、枢椎单侧椎板长度、枢椎椎板厚度、寰椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离，分析寰枢椎后方部分结构的CT测量数据并设计寰枢椎板间融合器。 结果与结论：①男、女性的寰椎单侧后弓长度分别为(23.41±1.48) mm和(22.23±1.25) mm，寰椎后弓厚度分别为(6.00±0.96) mm和(5.28±0.78) mm，枢椎单侧椎板长度分别为(18.54±2.23 )mm和(17.31±0.91) mm，枢椎椎板厚度分别为(5.12±1.31) mm和(4.98±1.26) mm，寰椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离分别为(32.63±2.76) mm和(31.39±4.04) mm；②不同性别的双侧测量数据差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；男性的寰椎单侧后弓长度、寰椎后弓厚度、枢椎单侧椎板长度大于女性，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；男性与女性的枢椎椎板厚度、椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③寰枢椎后方部分结构的CT测量结果提示寰枢椎板间融合器是可行的；④寰枢椎板间融合器初步设计成功，并获得国家专利；⑤提示寰枢椎板间融合器具有应用可行性，可用于寰枢椎后路钉棒固定融合过程中，提升寰枢椎间的植骨融合率。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2101-1900(邹小宝)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Anxiety‐like behavior in female mice changes by feeding,possible effect of guanylate cyclase C

Anxiety disorders are the most frequent mental disorders and are more prevalent in the female population. Up to date, an involvement of guanylate cyclase A and B in anxiety‐like behavior has been suggested. In this study, we showed an expression of guanylate cyclase C (GC‐C) in the amygdala which is regulated by feeding. Therefore, we further investigated sex differences of GC‐C effects on anxiety levels with special attention to female estrous cycle and feeding. The effects of estrous cycle and feeding were investigated by several behavior tests: elevated plus maze, home cage escape and novelty‐induced hypophagy. Possible changes in GC‐C expression in amygdala and hypothalamus during estrous cycle were established by qPCR. When GC‐C is activated (after a meal), the sex difference in all behavior tests used was abolished. As the expression of mRNA for GC‐C in the amygdala increases 2 hr after a meal only in female animals, the anxiety levels change after a meal again only in female animals. When the anxiety levels are investigated, it is very important to pay attention not only to estrous cycle in female animals but also when animals were fed compared to the time point of the experiments. Concluding from our results, the sex differences in the incidence of anxiety disorders in humans could be GC‐C dependent.     

Could self-locking stand-alone cage reduce adjacent-level ossification development after aneterior cervical discectomy and fusion?

Numerous studies have shown that cervical arthrodesis is associated with the adjacent-segment pathology (ASP), such as adjacent-level ossification development (ALOD). However, it still remains largely unclear whether the self-locking stand-alone implant system can reduce the incidence of ALOD. In the present study, we prospectively recruited 120 patients with cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) who were treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). These patients were randomly and evenly divided into the ROI-C group and plate group. Clinical and radiologic follow-up was performed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Clinical evaluation included preoperative and postoperative assessments of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI) score. The presence and severity of ALOD, as well as the C2-7 Cobb angle, were assessed on the lateral cervical films during follow-up. There were no significant differences in JOA and NDI scores at each time point during the follow-up period between the two groups. ALOD occurred in 8.8% of 58 patients and 6.7% of 104 levels in the cage group. Moreover, ALOD occurred in 20.1% of 57 patients and 17.8% of 101 levels in the plate group. The ALOD was more serious in the plate group compared with the cage group. The C2-7 Cobb angle was significantly improved compared with that before the operation and could be maintained during the follow-up in both groups. The self-locking stand-alone cage was efficacious for ACDF, and it could reduce the incidence of ALOD compared with anterior plate and cage.     

腰椎椎间融合器及其在椎间融合术中的生物力学研究进展

针对腰椎椎间融合术的生物力学研究背景和意义,回顾近年来椎间融合器及其在椎间融合术中的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行展望。主要归纳腰椎生物力学实验方法、椎间融合器和椎间融合术的最新进展,得出椎间融合术生物力学研究的主要方向为:有限元法的建模精细化、传统融合器的几何更优化、新型融合器的临床化和辅助固定方式的多样化。最后对椎间融合术生物力学的发展前景进行展望。通过对腰椎椎间融合术的生物力学研究进行回顾和展望,以期为腰椎疾患的临床手术治疗提供参考依据。     

n—HA／PA66Cage在腰椎融合术中的生物安全性研究

目的评价新型纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66融合器（nano-hydroxyapatite／polyamide66Cage,n—HA／PA66Cage）植人人体内可能引起的全身毒性反应及对人体局部组织的影响。方法2012年2月至2012年4月将n—FLA／PA66Cage通过腰椎后路经椎间孔进行腰椎椎体融合植入20例患者体内,通过对研究对象检查术前、术后4d、术后2个月等3个时期的血压、脉搏、体温、免疫球蛋白A、G、M、补体C3、C4、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、肌酐、尿素、白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、C反应蛋白、血沉、局部反应等指标。结果n—HA／PA66Cage植人人体后,除了术后4d白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板等血常规、C反应蛋白、血沉等检查与术前相比,存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）;在不同时相,其他检查结果之间无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论新型n—HA／PA66Cage具有良好的生物安全性。     

Revision of Complex Acetabular Defects Using Cages with the Aid of Rapid Prototyping

This study details a method using rapid prototyping (RP) technique to assist in acetabular revision with complex bone defects. Hemi-pelvic RP models were built among 25 patients with complex acetabular bone defects. Each patient was scheduled to undergo revision using either commercially available or customized cages based on individualized RP models. Average follow-up was 4.4 years (range, 1 to 9 years). The average Harris hip score was 36.1 (range, 20 to 58) preoperatively and reached an average of 82.6 (range, 60–96) at the last follow-up. No mechanical failure or loosening was observed. One patient experienced hip dislocation 4 days postoperatively. The resultant findings of this study merit consideration of RP as a helpful clinical complement for dealing with some complex bone defect of acetabulum.     

Three- and four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct

Introduction

Three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with autograft and plate fixation have demonstrated relatively good fusion rates and outcomes, but donor site morbidity and the limitations of autograft harvest remain problematic. The purpose of this study is to assess the radiographic and clinical outcomes of three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct.

Methods

This retrospective review included 43 consecutive patients who underwent three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage and plate construct (three level: 39 cases, four level: 4 cases). The fusion rate, time to fusion, Cobb angle and disc height were assessed radiographically. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the VAS, NDI, and SF36 scores. Complications were also recorded.

Results

Solid fusion was achieved in all the patients, and mean time to fusion was 13.7 ± 5.1 weeks. The postoperative Cobb angle, lordotic angle, and disc height (5.6°, 10.5° and 3.15 mm, respectively) increased significantly compared to preoperative values (p = 0.038, p = 0.032, and p = 0.0004, respectively), and these improvements were maintained through final follow-up. The postoperative NDI (17.2), VAS (2.8), and SF36 (13.1) scores increased significantly compared to the preoperative scores (p = 0.026, p = 0.0007 and p = 0.041, respectively). Complications included three cases of respiratory difficulty, four cases of dysphagia and one case of hoarseness. There were no cases of donor site morbidity.

Conclusions

Three- or four-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a PEEK cage, and plate construct provide good clinical and radiographic outcomes including high fusion rates, low complication rates, low donor site morbidity, and good maintenance of the lordotic angle and disc height in the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylosis.     

Lumbar interbody fusion: a parametric investigation of a novel cage design with and without posterior instrumentation

Introduction  

A finite element model of the L4-L5 human segment was employed to carry out a parametric biomechanical investigation of lumbar interbody fusion with a novel “sandwich” cage having an inner stiff core and two softer layers in the areas close to the endplates, with and without posterior fixation.     

后路寰枢椎侧块关节融合器置入的临床应用解剖

目的了解国人寰枢椎侧块关节周围血管、神经的解剖关系,为后路寰枢椎侧块关节融合器准确、安全置入提供解剖学依据。方法选用成人尸体标本20具,冠状面上观察寰枢椎侧块关节后缘周围解剖关系;平枢椎侧块上关节面后缘测量C1、2间椎动脉内缘至颈髓硬脊膜外缘的距离,确定手术冠状位的"安全操作空间";测量枢椎下关节突后内缘的纵垂线与枢椎椎弓上缘交点(G点)至枢椎椎弓根上缘中线延长线的水平距离,确定手术切入点。结果 "安全操作空间"为(19.72±1.84)mm,水平距离为(2.23±0.45)mm。寰枢椎后膜下的静脉丛主要集中在寰枢椎侧块关节的外缘、上方和内缘,其下方尤其枢椎椎弓根上缘的静脉丛稀疏。位于寰椎椎弓根下方、寰枢椎侧块关节内上侧的C2神经根,距颈硬脊膜外缘5~7 mm处膨大成颈神经节,并发出前、后支。结论 G点恒定在枢椎椎弓根上缘中线延长线的内侧2.5 mm处,以此点向外水平旁开2.5 mm,向上推开寰枢后膜,内上骨膜下剥离并沿枢椎椎弓根上缘中线一并剥离枢椎椎弓根骨膜和寰枢椎侧块关节囊,即可显露寰枢椎侧块关节并置入融合器。以此入路在"安全操作空间"内置入融合器,可避免切开寰枢后膜而损伤血管和神经,保证了手术的安全。