中药黄芪对骨代谢的影响及相关基础研究进展

黄芪(Astragali Radix)为豆科黄芪属植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根。始载于东汉末年的《神农本草经》,具有2000多年的药用史,在《本草纲目》中被列为上品,认为黄芪具有补气升阳、利水消肿、固表止汗、托疮生肌等功效。黄芪化学成分包括:葡聚糖、杂多糖等多糖成分;黄芪苷I、II、III和大豆皂苷等多种皂苷;天冬氨酸、丝氨酸等多种氨基酸;多种微量元素及叶酸、亚油酸、甾醇类等。目前对黄芪的化学成分研究多集中在黄芪多糖、黄芪皂苷或其有效单体成分。现代药理学研究表明,黄芪具抗肿瘤、免疫调节、心血管保护、保肝、改善神经系统功能、抗骨质疏松等生物活性,其中,黄芪对骨细胞代谢具有一定的调节作用。通过对近年来黄芪对骨代谢的影响及相关基础研究的文献汇总,发现黄芪甲苷等黄芪提取物及黄芪制剂大多通过对成骨细胞的促进及破骨细胞的抑制进行骨代谢的调节,亦有通过促进类骨素的分泌、激素水平的调节进行调控,本文综述了黄芪甲苷等黄芪提取物及黄芪制剂对骨代谢的基础、动物模型及临床3个方面近十年的研究内容进行综述,为研究中药黄芪对骨细胞代谢影响提供些许帮助并为防治骨质疏松症提供思路与参考。     

《中医基础理论》多元化教学评价方式的构建与实践

《中医基础理论》是中医学课程体系中的主干课程,其教学质量对于中医学人才的总体培养质量具有举足轻重的作用。构建科学合理的教学评价方式是切实推进教学改革,提升教学质量的重要一环。文章论述了《中医基础理论》课程多元化教学评价方式的构建和具体实施方案,在整个《中基》教学过程的不同阶段合理地运用三种评价方式,进行全面客观和准确的判断评价,从而为师生"教"与"学"的切实改进和提升提供真实的依据。实践表明:多元化教学评价方式增强了学生学习的兴趣,提高了学生自主学习的积极性和能力,提高了学生运用知识分析和解决问题的能力,培育了学生的团队协作精神和创新思维;同时,激发了教师教学的热情,促进了教师教学理念、教学方法、教学手段以及专业知识的更新,提高了教师综合素质。本文对实践中存在的问题也进行了总结。     

From bedside to bench: an evaluation of expectations and challenges encountered by young surgeons facing basic science

Abstract

Background: The evolution of surgical practice may lead to increasing difficulties for surgeons to perform fundamental research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expectations and the challenges encountered by young surgeons when starting basic science.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in France. A written questionnaire was anonymously filled by the participants attending to the Master Degree in surgical science.

Results: The study included 47 participants (median age: 28 years, 59.6% of men); 37 (78.7%) participants had applied for a grant for their salary and 32 (68.1%) had obtained it. Nine (19.1%) participants had planned to keep their usual clinical activity. The main motivations were the perspective to embark on an academic career (55.3%) and improvement of knowledge in science (38.3%). The main barriers encountered were the lack of time (70.2%), the lack of interest (27.7%), the lack of financial support (23.4%) and administrative difficulties (12.8%).

Conclusion: This study identified main barriers that young surgeons have to face when getting involved in basic science underlining the need to improve institutional and financial support to ensure involvement of new generations of surgeons in surgical research.     

中药临床应用的适当性探索

目的 探讨和阐述中药临床应用的适当性原则，提高临床中药师运用适当性原则指导临床用药的技能，促进临床合理用药。方法 通过文献梳理及理论分析，结合中医药理论基础以及中药临床应用的复杂性，探讨中药临床应用的适当性原则，明确中药临床应用"适当性"的学术内涵。结果 中药临床应用的适当性表现在用药过程的各个环节，是合理用药的基本要求之一。中药临床应用适当性的基本内容应充分考虑用药对象、适当的药物、适当的剂量及疗程、适当的给药途径和煎煮方式、适当的服药方法、适当的治疗目标等各个用药环节。结论 中药临床应用的适当性是合理用药的基本要求，将适当的药品，以适合的剂量，在合适的时间内经适当的用药途径给相应的患者使用，以达到预期的治疗目的。     

基础医学综合实验与实验设计课程教学改革实践

本着以课程为中心的原则，研究组在基础医学综合实验课程建设、运行方式、教学方法改革等方面积极探索；以联系疾病、联系应用为导向，广泛开展基于疾病动物模型制备及干预过程的实验教学；增加"创新性"实验项目，确保课程内容体现出前沿性和时代性；以生物医学前沿方法训练引领课程建设，着力培养学员的学习能力、实践能力和创新能力。此外，在优化以实践应用、创新性为导向的课程内容建设的基础上，打造虚拟仿真实验项目，尝试线上线下混合式教学，全方位提升学员的实践运用能力。     

Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High-grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox-treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.     

Er:YAG激光联合牙周基础治疗对牙周炎患者病灶区相关指标及红白美学的影响

目的:分析Er:YAG激光联合牙周基础治疗对牙周炎患者牙周指标、龈沟液内炎性因子和内毒素(LPS)含量及红白美学效果的影响。方法:选取2015年12月-2018年12月在北部战区总医院和沈阳市口腔医院接受治疗的慢性牙周炎患者80例,随机分成对照组和观察组。对照组:40例,行牙周基础治疗;观察组:40例,在对照组基础上行Er:YAG激光治疗;观察两组患者临床疗效、出血指数(BI)、探针深度(PD)、菌斑指数(PLI)、临床附着丧失(CAL)及龈沟内液白细胞介素-21(IL-21)、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内毒素(LPS)含量及红白美学效果。结果:观察组和对照组患者总有效率分别为92.50%、77.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后8周,观察组患者PLI、PD、BI及CAL较治疗前、对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后8周,观察组患者龈沟液内TNF-α、IL-17、IL-21及LPS含量较治疗前、对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后8周,观察组患者WES、PES及PES/WES评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Er:YAG激光联合牙周基础治疗可显著缓解患者临床症状,降低牙周炎症反应程度,提升患牙红白美学效果,改善其生活质量。     

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??Objective    To discuss the influence of basic periodontal therapy on the level of IL-8?? IL-10 in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in patients who have chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease. Methods     A total of 65 cases of patients with chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease were selected and divided into two groups randomly??Group A of 35 patients who received the basic periodontal therapy and cardiac medical treatment??Group B of 30 patients who received cardiological treatment only. Then??select 25 patient who had developed chronic severe periodontitis with non-systematic disease to establish group C and give them the basic periodontal therapy only. Observe the changes of the IL-8??IL-10 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid and the periodontal infection indexes??BI??PD??. Results    The results showed that after three months of basic periodontal therapy the periodontal clinical indices of both group A and group C became better and the IL-8 level obviously reduced??while the IL-10 level obviously increased. There was no obvious difference between group A and group B in each examination index before the therapy. After three months??we found that the periodontal infection index??SBI PD??of group A was obviously better than group B. Compared to group B??the IL-8 level of group A obviously reduced??and the IL-10 level obviously increased. The difference was statistically significant??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    The basic periodontal therapy can effectively improve periodontal conditions of the patients with chronic periodontal diseases??and reduce the risk of breaking the normal cardiovascular function.     

8周基础军训对入伍新兵红细胞及其相关指标的影响

目的探讨8周基础军训(basic military training,BMT)对入伍新兵血像中红细胞及其相关指标的影响,为指导科学的军事训练提供参考。方法数据来自新疆边防部队2015年度入伍的50名男性新兵,分别在BMT前后测定并记录受试新兵的红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度及血清铁蛋白等。结果经过8周的BMT,新兵血液中血红蛋白浓度、红细胞计数及血清铁蛋白均显著下降(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 8周BMT可能导致入伍新兵发生运动性贫血,铁缺乏可能是其主要原因。