中药黄芪对骨代谢的影响及相关基础研究进展

黄芪(Astragali Radix)为豆科黄芪属植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根。始载于东汉末年的《神农本草经》,具有2000多年的药用史,在《本草纲目》中被列为上品,认为黄芪具有补气升阳、利水消肿、固表止汗、托疮生肌等功效。黄芪化学成分包括:葡聚糖、杂多糖等多糖成分;黄芪苷I、II、III和大豆皂苷等多种皂苷;天冬氨酸、丝氨酸等多种氨基酸;多种微量元素及叶酸、亚油酸、甾醇类等。目前对黄芪的化学成分研究多集中在黄芪多糖、黄芪皂苷或其有效单体成分。现代药理学研究表明,黄芪具抗肿瘤、免疫调节、心血管保护、保肝、改善神经系统功能、抗骨质疏松等生物活性,其中,黄芪对骨细胞代谢具有一定的调节作用。通过对近年来黄芪对骨代谢的影响及相关基础研究的文献汇总,发现黄芪甲苷等黄芪提取物及黄芪制剂大多通过对成骨细胞的促进及破骨细胞的抑制进行骨代谢的调节,亦有通过促进类骨素的分泌、激素水平的调节进行调控,本文综述了黄芪甲苷等黄芪提取物及黄芪制剂对骨代谢的基础、动物模型及临床3个方面近十年的研究内容进行综述,为研究中药黄芪对骨细胞代谢影响提供些许帮助并为防治骨质疏松症提供思路与参考。

The influence of traditional Chinese medicine astragalus on bone metabolism and related basic research progress

Astragali radix is a dried root of the genus astragalus or astragalus membranaceus. The "Shen Nong''s Herbal Classic", which was published in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, indicates that it has a history of medicinal use for more than 2000 years. It is listed as the top grade in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", and it is believed that astragalus membranaceus has the function of benefiting qi and generating yang, inducing diuresis and relieving swelling, consolidating superficies for arresting sweating, and promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration. The chemical constituents of astragalus include polysaccharide components such as dextran and heteropolysaccharides, various saponins such as baicalin I, II, III and soybean saponin, aspartic acid, serine and other amino acids, various trace elements, folic acid and linoleum acids, sterols, etc. At present, the research on the chemical constituents of astragalus membranaceus mostly focuses on astragalus polysaccharide, astragalus saponin or its effective monomer components. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that astragalus membranaceus has biological activities such as anti-tumor, immune regulation, cardiovascular protection, liver protection, improvement of nervous system function, and anti-osteoporosis. Among them, astragalus membranaceus has a certain regulatory effect on bone cell metabolism. Through the literature review of the effects of astragalus membranaceus on bone metabolism and related basic research in recent years, it is found that astragalus and other astragalus membranaceus extracts and astragalus preparations regulate bone metabolism by promoting osteoblasts and by inhibiting osteoclasts. It is regulated by promoting the secretion of osteoporin and the regulation of hormone levels. This paper reviews the research on the basics of bone metabolism, animal models, and clinical aspects of astragalus preparations, in order to provide some help for the study of the influence of Chinese medicine astragalus on bone cell metabolism and to provide ideas and reference for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.