Epidemiological study of intraosseous lesions of the stomatognathic or maxillomandibular complex diagnosed by a Reference Centre in Brazil from 2006–2017

This epidemiological study was designed to find out the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of intraosseous lesions diagnosed at a Reference Centre in Brazil. We included all patients diagnosed with intraosseous lesions (cyst, tumour, bone-associated lesion, and periapical disease) during the period 2006–2017, and analysed the association between some sociodemographic and clinical variables and the types of lesion. There was a total of 290 intraosseous lesions, the most common being odontogenic cysts. There was a significant association between age and odontogenic tumours (p = 0.001). In relation to the histopathological diagnosis, root cysts were the most common (n = 57), followed by dentigerous cysts (n = 26). The lesions studied were seen most often in women between the second and fourth decades of life, odontogenic cysts being the most common type found. We know of few publications of similar epidemiological work, either in Brazil or in the rest of the world, so we suggest that more such studies are made.     

Dystrophic calcification and respiratory metaplasia in the epithelial lining of odontogenic cysts: a study of 362 odontogenic cysts in a Brazilian population and literature review

PurposeMain study: undertake a histological study of odontogenic cysts (OC) to determine the prevalence of dystrophic calcification and metaplasia to respiratory epithelium on a Brazilian population. Literature review: to review the literature for studies that investigated the prevalence of respiratory metaplasia and dystrophic calcification on OC.MethodsMain study: a retrospective histopathological evaluation was made of the archives from a pathology laboratory. A total of 362 cases diagnosed as OC were identified; they were analyzed by two expert observers to determine the presence of dystrophic calcification and respiratory metaplasia. The association with sex, age and anatomic location was performed through statistical analysis. Literature review: a critical literature review was undertaken. Two main electronic databases (PubMed and LILACS) were searched. Retrospective studies of histological evaluation that determined the prevalence of epithelial metaplasia and dystrophic calcification on OC, with at least 10 cases, were included; their findings were summarized and discussed.ResultsMain study: the histological evaluation of OC revealed the presence of respiratory epithelium in 25 cases (6.9%) and dystrophic calcification in 24 cases (6.6%). Positive association was found to dystrophic calcification on residual cyst and age; respiratory metaplasia on OC and sex; respiratory metaplasia on residual cyst and gnatic bone; respiratory metaplasia in OC and gnatic bone; dystrophic calcification in OC and anatomic site of mandible. Literature review: eleven studies were included in the literature review, and respiratory metaplasia ranged from 0.0% to 19.2% while dystrophic calcification ranged from 2.5% to 40.5%.Conclusionsthe histological evaluation of this study found 6.9% of prevalence of respiratory metaplasia and 6.6% of dystrophic calcification, which is in accordance with the literature reviewed. Therefore, these phenomena must be taken into account in routine diagnosis services.     

前交叉韧带囊肿的临床表现与关节镜治疗

目的：探讨膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的临床表现和关节镜手术疗效.方法：回顾性分析自2005年1月至2010年12月收治的12例症状性膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的资料.男8例,女4例;年龄19～53岁,平均（33.7±9.5）岁;左膝5例,右膝7例;病程3～48个月,平均（15.8±13.2）个月.术中关节镜下完整切除前交叉韧带囊肿.记录术前术后膝关节的活动度,膝关节功能采用Lysholm评分标准进行评定.结果：术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症发生.12例均获随访,时间24～48个月,平均（32.3±6.6）个月.患膝关节疼痛、肿胀、交锁症状均消失,随访期间无复发.术后关节活动度及Lysholm评分均较术前明显改善.结论：关节镜诊治症状性前交叉韧带囊肿具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,是治疗症状性膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的有效治疗手段.     

后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶联合经皮肾穿刺碎石术治疗肾囊肿合并肾或输尿管上段结石的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶联合经皮肾穿刺碎石术治疗肾囊肿合并肾或输尿管上段结石的临床疗效.方法 对本院收治的28例肾囊肿合并结石患者采用后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术联合经皮肾穿刺碎石术治疗,分析患者术后成功率、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症以及对患者机体应激反应的影响.结果 28例患者手术均获得成功,手术时间(108.5±11.7)min,术中出血量(95.5 ±43.8) mL,住院时间(6.1±3.4)d;术后患者均未出现感染、血压升高、发热、急性肾功能衰竭等并发症;随访1年未见囊肿复发.患者术后第1d体温、WBC、血糖均显著高于术前(P＜0.05),术后第3d均开始降低,体温、血糖与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而WBC仍高于术前(P＜0.05);术后第1d、3d患者CRP、IL-6、皮质醇均显著升高,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶联合经皮肾穿刺碎石术治疗肾囊肿合并肾或输尿管上段结石且疗效确切,能够降低手术时间和术中出血量,减轻患者经济压力,值得临床推广应用.     

64层螺旋CT诊断肾上腺囊性病变

目的探讨肾上腺囊性病变的 CT 表现特点,提高其诊断准确性.资料与方法经手术病理证实31例的肾上腺囊性病变患者,术前均行64层螺旋 CT 平扫加增强扫描,层厚2.5mm,并行0.625mm 薄层重建及多平面重组,分析肾上腺囊性病变的 CT 表现.结果31例肾上腺囊性病变中,肾上腺上皮性囊肿5例,肾上腺淋巴管囊肿3例,肾上腺血肿4例,肾上腺化脓性炎性假囊肿1例,肾上腺皮质腺瘤囊性变4例,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤囊性变10例,肾上腺节细胞神经瘤2例,肾上腺神经鞘瘤囊性变1例,肾上腺转移瘤囊性变1例(原发肿瘤为肺癌).64层螺旋 CT 上囊性病变的形态、密度、囊壁厚度、有无壁结节、强化特点可以鉴别肿瘤性和非肿瘤性囊肿、良性和恶性肿瘤囊性变.结论肾上腺囊性病变的64层螺旋 CT 特征不同,有助于明确诊断.     

70°鼻内镜在新生儿先天性会厌囊肿的诊断

新生儿先天性会厌囊肿是一种较为少见的先天性疾病，1881年由Abercrombic命名，1970年De Sant比较详细的描述本病的病理、病因及治疗，此后国内渐有报道[1～4]。本病多见于新生儿期，容易误诊，若不及时诊治可发生严重并发症，甚至导致患儿窒息死亡。     

Procedure-based nonsurgical management of lumbar zygapophyseal joint cyst-induced radicular pain

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success of fluoroscopically guided, contrast-enhanced lumbar zygapophyseal joint (Z-joint) aspiration and steroid injection combined with transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) for the treatment of lumbar Z-joint cyst-induced radicular pain. DESIGN: Retrospective case series with independent follow-up. SETTING: Institutional, referral center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three patients referred to a single provider for procedure-based management of radicular pain believed secondary to lumbar Z-joint cyst. Inclusion criteria consisted of lumbar radicular pain that was consistent with the level and side of the Z-joint cyst as a causative lesion. INTERVENTIONS: Eighteen patients were treated with a fluoroscopically guided, contrast-enhanced Z-joint aspiration and steroid injection at the level of the causative cyst coupled with a fluoroscopically guided, contrast-enhanced TFESI over the level of the presumably irritated spinal nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient satisfaction, and whether or not surgery was performed. RESULTS: Fifty percent of patients treated with the procedure had significant long-term benefit and avoided surgical intervention at an average follow-up of 9.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroscopically guided, contrast-enhanced spinal procedures as part of an aggressive nonsurgical treatment program are a safe and effective alternative to surgical intervention for lumbar Z-joint cyst-induced radicular pain.     

脑积水和蛛网膜囊肿的神经内镜治疗

目的 :探讨神经内镜治疗梗阻性脑积水和蛛网膜囊肿的有效性、安全性和微创性 ,为其进一步临床应用提供参考依据。方法 :采用经内镜神经外科手术和 /或内镜辅助显微神经外科手术治疗梗阻性脑积水 4例和颅内蛛网膜囊肿 3例。结果 :患者术后随访 3～ 6个月。第三脑室底脚间池造瘘治疗 4例 ,梗阻性脑积水 3例显效 ,1例症状缓解 ,含内镜引导分流管置入 1例 ,分流管脑室端通畅。蛛网膜囊肿脑池 /脑室造瘘 囊壁切除术 3例全部有效 ,所有病例均无明显并发症。结论 :神经内镜治疗梗阻性脑积水和蛛网膜囊肿手术创伤小 ,疗效好 ,部分患者可免除体内置管之虞