The Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Direct Meta-Analysis

BackgroundCorticosteroids are commonly used intraoperatively to treat pain and reduce opioid consumption and nausea associated with primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in primary TJA to support the combined clinical practice guidelines of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Hip Society, Knee Society, and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies published before February 2020 on corticosteroids in TJA. All included studies underwent qualitative and quantitative homogeneity testing followed by a systematic review and direct comparison meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids.ResultsCritical appraisal of 1,581 publications revealed 23 studies regarded as the best available evidence for analysis. Intraoperative dexamethasone reduces postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and nausea and vomiting. Multiple doses lead to further reduction in pain, opioid consumption, nausea and vomiting. There is insufficient evidence on the risk of adverse events with perioperative dexamethasone in TJA.ConclusionStrong evidence supports the use of a single dose or multiple doses of intravenous dexamethasone to reduce postoperative pain, opioid consumption, nausea and vomiting after primary TJA. There is insufficient evidence on perioperative dexamethasone in primary TJA to determine the optimal dose, number of doses, or risk of postoperative adverse events.     

甲基强的松龙冲击疗法治疗放射性脑水肿的疗效

目的 探讨甲基强的松龙（MP）冲击疗法治疗放射性脑水肿（RCE）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2001~2012年收治46例的RCE的临床资料。26例给予MP冲击疗法（观察组），20例给予地塞米松等传统治疗（对照组）。治疗30 d，评估临床疗效，分为显效、有效、无效、进展；总有效=显效+有效；根据中华医学会第二次全国脑血管病学术会议制定的评分标准评定神经功能缺损程度，分为基本治愈、显著进步、进步、无变化、恶化、死亡；采用修订的Barthel指数评定法评定日常生活活动能力。结果 观察组总有效率（90.91%）与对照组（72.22%）无统计学差异（P>0.05），但是显效率（36.26%）明显高于对照组（5.56%；P<0.05）。治疗后30 d，观察组神经功能评分[（8.15±3.25）分]与对照组[（7.65±3.77）分]较治疗前均明显降低（P<0.05），但两组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。治疗后30 d，观察组Barthel指数[（84.04±12.41）分]与对照组[（84.50±7.59）分]较治疗前均明显增高（P<0.05），但是两组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察组不良反应发生率（42.31%）与对照组（45.00%）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 MP冲击疗法和传统地塞米松疗法对RCE均具有治疗作用，但MP冲击疗法对颅内压增高症状的改善更快、更明显     

Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease (GI‐GVHD) is a major and life‐threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study evaluated the efficacy of ultrasonography (US) for assessing and monitoring GI‐GVHD. GI tract was evaluated by US in 81 patients. US findings were positive in 43 patients, including 11 false positive, and negative in 38 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of US for the diagnosis of GI‐GVHD were 100%, 78%, 74%, 100%, and 86%, respectively. Diffuse wall thickening of the ileum was the most frequent finding in patients with GI‐GVHD. Severity of GI‐GVHD was correlated with the thickness of internal low echoic layer of the wall, the echogenicity of mesenteric fat tissue, and the intensity of Doppler signaling. We classified US findings of GI‐GVHD into four US grades. There was a significant correlation between clinical stage of GI‐GVHD and the US grade. These ultrasonographic abnormalities were improved with clinical improvement of GI‐GVHD upon treatment. Thus, US is an effective and efficient non‐invasive means of identifying the extent and severity of GI‐GVHD and monitoring response to treatment.     

甲泼尼龙预防高危患者经皮肾镜取石术后尿脓毒症的随机对照研究

目的 探讨甲泼尼龙(METH)预处理对高危患者经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)后尿脓毒症发生的影响.方法 前瞻性选择80例接受PCNL且具有尿脓毒症高危因素的患者,采用按性别分层的随机序列分为METH组(n=40)和对照组(n=40).全身麻醉诱导后,在手术操作前METH组患者静脉推注METH 40 mg,而对照组患者静脉推注同等体积的生理盐水.主要研究结果为术后尿脓毒症的发生率(脓毒症3.0版定义);次要结果包括尿脓毒性休克和全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的发生率,以及术后2 h、24 h血浆中炎症标志物(CRP、前降钙素原、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10)水平的变化.结果 纳入的80例患者中有6例被剔除.术前两组患者基线值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).METH组(n=37)术后尿脓毒症、尿脓毒性休克和SIRS的发生率分别为5.4％(2/37)、0和18.9％(7/37),而对照组(n=37)分别为24.3％(9/37)、10.8％(4/37)和51.4％(19/37),两组尿脓毒性休克发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),尿脓毒症和SIRS的发生率的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).术后2 h METH组患者血浆中IL-10水平高于对照组[26.3(149.5)pg/mL vs 5.0(3.6)pg/mL,P<0.01],但术后24 h患者血浆中IL-10水平低于对照组[<5.0(1.5)pg/mL vs 5.9(13.8)pg/mL,P<0.05].对照组患者术后24 h血浆中IL-6水平高于METH组[34.4(46.5)pg/mL vs 20.7(15.8)pg/mL,P<0.01].其他炎症标志物两组间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 METH预处理可降低高危患者PCNL术后尿脓毒症和SIRS的发生率,这种保护作用可能是预防性给予METH促进了炎症反应起始阶段IL-10的释放,从而抑制后续的过度炎症反应.     

Effects of methylprednisolone and betamethasone injections on the rotator cuff: an experimental study in rats

Thirty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the effects of subacromial corticosteroid injections on the rotator cuff. The injection technique was tested in 6 animals, which were excluded from the study. The remaining 25 rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8 animals each; a single rat received no injections. Every other week for 8 weeks, one shoulder in each rat was injected with methylprednisolone, betamethasone, or saline in a dosage equivalent to that used in humans. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons were removed 10 days after the last injection and evaluated. There were no pathologic changes in the tendons injected with saline. In 43% of the methylprednisolone-treated rats and 29% of the betamethasone-treated rats, the tendons were abnormally soft and light-colored. In 43% of the methylprednisolone group and 71% of the betamethasone group, fragmentation of collagen bundles and inflammatory cell infiltration were evident. Subacromial injections of methylprednisolone or betamethasone repeated frequently can cause deleterious changes in the normal structure of the rat rotator cuff. In light of these findings, therapy for subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder with frequent, repeated steroid injections is potentially harmful.     

丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼松龙治疗小儿吉兰－巴雷综合征呼吸肌麻痹的临床研究

目的：研究丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼松龙治疗小儿吉兰－巴雷综合征（GBS ）呼吸肌麻痹的临床疗效,企为临床治疗此病提供更有效的方法。方法：从在我院进行治疗的小儿GBS呼吸肌麻痹患者中,选取64例患者,并签订知情协议书。按照是否具有使用丙种球蛋白治疗的经济能力将患者分为实验组和对照组。实验组使用丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼松龙治疗,对照组单纯使用甲泼尼松龙治疗,分别观察两组患者的休斯（H ug hes ）评分、疗效和不良反应。结果：试验组患者治疗的有效率为94％,显著高于对照组的69％（ P＝0．010）;在患者接受治疗后15 d ,试验组患者的 H ug hes评分是（2．69±1．23）分,明显低于对照组患者（3．34±0．85）分（P＝0．017）,且在患者接受治疗后6个月时,实验组患者的H ug hes评分是（1．29±0．94）分,亦明显低于对照组患者的（1．87±0．76）分（ P＝0．028）;实验组不良反应的发生率为16％,而对照组不良反应的发生率为22％（ P＝0．522）,差异不具有统计学意义。结论：与单纯使用甲泼尼松龙治疗小儿GBS呼吸肌麻痹相比,使用丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼松龙治疗的疗效更为显著,且安全性较高,有利于患者病情的早期康复。     

Pulse intravenous methylprednisolone for resistant allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) results from a hypersensitivity response to Aspergillus fumigatus. It is seen in a number of chronic respiratory conditions, particularly in association with cystic fibrosis (CF). Oral corticosteroids and itraconazole represent the mainstay of treatment. There is evidence for the use of pulse methylprednisolone in other respiratory conditions as well as a number of inflammatory conditions. This is the first reported use of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of ABPA in CF. We present the clinical course of four children with CF and severe ABPA, in whom pulse methyprednisolone was used to manage the disease because of relapses or marked side effects on high-dose oral corticosteroids. Methylprednisolone pulses achieved disease control in 3 of the 4 children. However, troublesome side effects were experienced, in some cases necessitating discontinuation of therapy. Pulse methylprednisolone may represent a treatment option for children with CF and ABPA, where ABPA fails to respond adequately to routine therapy.     

Thermography‐measured effect of capsaicin,methylprednisolone and mitomycin on the survival of random skin flaps in rats

Aims: This study was designed to determine if steroids, capsaicin and mytomicin improved skin flap survival in rats, and it has confirmed that thermography is an effective method to measured skin flap vitality. Methods: Forty female Wistar rats were randomised into four groups. A standardised full thickness inferiorly based dorsal random‐pattern skin flap was raised, and a gelatine sponge was placed before suturing between the flap and its recipient bed, soaked with 0.9 % saline in the control group and with capsaicin, methylprednisolone and mitomycini in the experimental groups. Vitality of the flap and of the survival area was measured by infrared thermography. Results: Methylprednisolone statistically significant decrease skin flap necrosis, approximately 56%, when compared with controls (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Corticosteroids applied subcutaneously in a single dose on a gelatine sponge produced a statistically significant improvement of the survival of random skin flaps in rats, whereas capsaicin and mitomycin showed no improvement.