Durée d’isolement et levée de la mesure ; étude de l’influence des facteurs anamnestiques et institutionnels

IntroductionIn France, the use of seclusion in psychiatric hospitals is regulated by the Act of January 26th 2016 which enforces a reduction of the use of coercive measures and limiting their duration. Criteria that are unrelated to the patient's symptoms might affect this decision and extend the duration of seclusion. The goal of the current observational study is, firstly, to determine which factors - unrelated to the patient's symptoms - influence the length of stay in seclusion. Secondly, it is to compare the composition of the medical and nursing teams at two times, the beginning and the end of the seclusion time period.MethodWe conducted this study in a La Rochelle regional hospital from October 2017 to July 2018. There were one hundred and twenty-four episodes of seclusion that occurred in the different psychiatric inpatient wards during this time. The episodes were divided into two groups: short-term and long-term seclusion, defined by the median duration of seclusion. Data were collected using a survey, completed by the nursing teams, based on the recommendations of good clinical practice published in 1998 and revised in 2017 by the French health authority. For each episode of seclusion, we collected the following data: socio-demographic information, history of psychiatric care of the patient and of violent acting-out, admission status, medical indication for seclusion, day of the week and time at the beginning and the end of seclusion, prior administration of a sedative before seclusion, exceptional events that might justify the end of seclusion, transfer to a protected room after seclusion, as well as the composition of the medical and nursing team on duty at the beginning and the end of the seclusion period. We compared the anamnesis between the short-term and the long-term seclusion groups, and we analyzed the composition of the medical and nursing teams at the two time points of seclusion. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (v. 3.5.1).ResultsThe mean duration of seclusion was 4.7 days and the median was 1.9 days. The average age was 37-years-old, with a ratio of 0.6 for females to males. Variables associated with a long-duration of seclusion were: the male gender (P = 0.005), Compulsory Admission at the Request of a State Representative (P = 0.008), a prevention measure of any hetero-aggressive action (P = 0.007), the lack of psychiatric care (P = 0.004), previous medico-legal issues (P = 0.006), violent behavior during a previous hospitalization (P = 0.022) and the use of seclusion on the weekend (P = 0.01). The composition of the medical and nursing teams related to the period of the end of seclusion were: the presence of the physician in charge of the patient (P < 0.001), a male caregiver in the team (P < 0.001), a specialized psychiatric nurse (P < 0.001) and the training of caregivers in the management of violence (P < 0.001). The presence of nurses who do not usually work in the psychiatric ward was associated with the period of the beginning of seclusion (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings showed a strong relationship between several anamnestic factors and the duration of seclusion. Caregivers lacking information about patients, potential violent behaviors and the beginnings of seclusion on weekends are associated with a long-duration of seclusion. Our study also highlights the roles played by the caregivers according to their composition and level of training to determine the ending of patient's seclusion.     

2021—2022年天津市口腔医院病区预防性应用抗菌药合理性评价及风险模型探索

目的 对2021—2022年天津市口腔医院病区预防性应用抗菌药合理性进行评价,分析预防用药的影响因素,构建风险预测模型,筛选预防用药高危人群,明确用药指征,为口腔医院临床合理用药提供参考。方法 收集2021—2022年天津市口腔医院5 863例住院患者的病历资料作为研究对象,采用SPSS 26.0软件以及R4.0.3软件进行数据分析,使用率和百分比评价预防性应用抗菌药的合理性;通过χ²检验、二元Logistic回归分析预防性应用抗菌药的影响因素,构建预防用药风险预测模型。结果 2021—2022年天津市口腔医院病区预防性抗菌药使用率为42.01%,其中单联用药占98.09%、非限制级用药占90.41%、头孢菌素类占66.78%、不合理用药占46.16%。不合理用药的主要原因是术后用药时间过长、术前给药或术中追加用药时机不当、用药品种选择不当等。多因素分析：年龄、住院天数、手术切口类别、手术时长是口腔住院患者预防用药的影响因素（P<0.05）,基于上述风险因素构建预防性应用抗菌药的风险预测模型。结论 2021—2022年天津市口腔医院病区患者预防性抗菌药使用存在诸多不合理现象,分析预防用药的影响因素很多且相互关联;口腔类机构可根据由年龄、住院天数、切口类别、手术时长对住院患者建立预防性应用抗菌药的风险模型,筛选预防用药高危人群,明确预防用药指征,提高合理用药水平。     

西藏超高海拔地区内科住院患者疾病特征分析

目的:分析超高海拔地区内科住院患者的疾病特征。方法:收集西藏自治区岗巴县人民医院2016年11月至2019年9月的164例内科住院患者临床资料进行统计分析。结果:男性101例,女性63例,平均年龄为(51.10±14.45)岁,患者平均患疾病(3.66±2.04)种,大于60岁的老年患者平均患疾病(4.82±2.09)种,68%(112/164)的患者至少患3种疾病。发病排名前9位的疾病依次为高血压、慢性支气管炎、乙型病毒性肝炎、心功能不全、高原性红细胞增多症、肝硬化、结核病、消化性溃疡伴出血、包虫病。结论:超高海拔地区内科住院患者同时患多种疾病,病情较严重,对人群危害较大,需加强前9种内科疾病的防治工作。     

饮食教育预防骨科术后病人便秘的研究

目的:探讨饮食教育对骨科术后病人进食结构的影响,预防便秘的发生.方法:将骨科择期手术的116例术后病人随机分为实验组57例,对照组59例.实验组于术前1d及术后第2日分2次接受专门的饮食教育,对照组接受常规指导.记录病人术后6d内的进食种类、量及排便情况.结果:实验组术后第1、2日主食进食量及第3日蔬菜进食量均明显高于对照组(t=2.33、2.02、2.02,P均＜0.05);术后便秘评分,实验组3.06±3.61,对照组5.04±3.62(t=2.99,P＜0.05);与便秘相关的多因素的多元线性逐步回归分析显示,术后第1日主食量与术后便秘评分呈直线负相关.结论:对病人进行饮食教育能够有效降低骨科术后病人便秘评分,即饮食教育能够降低术后便秘的发生;饮食结构不合理可能主要由术后主食类、蔬菜类的量不足造成.因此进行饮食教育时应强调术后适宜的主食量和蔬菜量,特别应重视病人术后第1日的进食情况.     

Nurses' caring attitude: fall prevention program implementation as an example of its importance

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM. Fall prevention programs are universally multidisciplinary, but nursing care plays the central role. Since October 2008, Medicare has no longer reimbursed acute care hospitals for the costs of additional care required due to hospital‐acquired injuries (e.g., injurious falls). PROBLEM. However, fall prevention programs for hospitalized patients have had limited success, and multifaceted strategies for implementing fall prevention programs cannot guarantee success. It is possible that cultivating and sustaining a caring attitude among clinicians is often overlooked as an intervention strategy. METHOD. This article discusses the barriers to implementing fall prevention programs in acute care hospitals. The attributional theory of success and failure is used to analyze these barriers. In addition, the author discusses whether a lack of knowledge and/or a lack of caring attitude play a role as the underlying barriers to implementing a successful fall prevention program. A patient's story illustrates patients' expectations for the care environment to center on their needs. Possible educational strategies as interventions for fall prevention programs are discussed. FINDINGS. It is suggested that education goals for nurses need to not only promote their professional knowledge and skills in implementing a fall prevention program but also cultivate their caring attitudes.     

上海市民政系统精神病院住院的精神疾病患者共病躯体疾病分析

目的:了解上海市民政系统精神病医院住院慢性精神疾病患者共病躯体疾病状况。方法:采用自制《病例收集表》调查上海市民政系统精神病医院住院的所有精神疾病患者合并躯体疾病情况及影响因素。结果:1 707例患者中900例(52.7%)共病躯体疾病;前6位依次为高血压病(349例,20.5%)、糖尿病(204例,12.0%)、贫血(145例,8.5%)、心律失常(141例,8.3%)、白细胞减少症(131例,7.7%)及冠心病(120例,7.0%);共病躯体疾病1种600例(35.2%),2种228例(17.0%),≥3种72例(4.2%);共病率随患者年龄及住院时间增加显著增高(P0.01或P0.05)。服用抗精神病药患者糖尿病和心律失常的共病率明显高于未服药患者(P0.05或P0.01);服用第二代抗精神病药患者心律失常和冠心病共病率明显高于服用第一代药患者,白细胞减少发生率明显低于服用一代药患者(P均0.05);联合用药患者心律失常及冠心病发生率明显高于单一用药者(P0.01或P0.05);躯体疾病共病为因变量的回归分析显示患者年龄及服用抗精神病药数量进入模型(P均0.01)。结论:民政系统长期住院的慢性精神疾病患者躯体疾病共病率高,以高血压病、糖尿病、贫血、心律失常和白细胞减少症常见;年龄及服用抗精神病药数量是其影响因素;对共病躯体疾病的患者更应单一用药。     

优质护理服务模式对提升住院患者满意度的影响分析

目的研究住院服务中心推行优质护理服务模式对患者满意度的影响。方法住院服务中心实行优质护理服务,通过增进护患沟通,制定温馨提示展板,改进工作模式及健康教育模式,定时随访特床患者,提高护士工作的积极性等,比较分析优质护理服务模式推行前、后的患者满意度。结果患者满意度由模式推行前的91.54%上升至推行后的97.05%,两者差异显著(P<0.05)。结论优质护理服务模式能有效提高住院服务中心患者满意度。     

住院病人空间分布函数研究

目的:研究住院病人空间分布以及住院病人距离衰减系数,了解居民医疗服务获得的地理可及性现状,为区域卫生规划提供决策依据。方法:随机抽取23家医疗机构住院病人,利用地理信息系统计算病人到就诊医疗机构的距离以及相应的住院病人概率,进行多种曲线模型拟合,根据决定系数和模拟图形选择适宜的模型,得出相应的距离衰减系数。结果:指数曲线模型在二级医疗机构中拟合效果较好,乘幂曲线模型在三级医疗机构中拟合效果较好。指数曲线模型中二级综合医疗机构、二级专科医疗机构住院病人距离衰减系数均值分别为0.51、0.50。乘幂曲线模型中三级综合医疗机构、三级专科医疗机构住院病人距离衰减系数均值分别为0.84、0.53。结论:二级医疗机构住院病人概率随距离衰减的趋势快于三级医疗机构,综合医疗机构住院病人概率随距离衰减的趋势快于专科医疗机构。在区域卫生规划中计算卫生资源配置水平时,对于不同级别、类别的医疗机构应采用不同的距离衰减系数。     

追踪方法学在评价住院患者院内检查安全管理流程的应用

目的：总结应用追踪方法学改善住院患者院内检查流程安全管理的效果。方法采用护理部组织的专项检查追踪小组运用追踪方法学全程追踪住院患者院内检查流程的环节质量、安全措施落实情况。结果改善后的院内检查流程、安全管理措施和患者满意度明显高于追踪方法学实施前,差异有统计学意义( P<0．01)。结论应用追踪方法学评价住院患者院内检查流程科学、规范,能够提高安全管理质量和患者满意度。