虚实结合的翻转课堂在解剖实验教学中的应用

目的评价虚实相结合的翻转课堂在系统解剖学实验教学中的应用。方法选取齐齐哈尔医学院2018级临床专业和医学影像学专业学生共107名,在系统解剖学实验课中,对某些章节采用部分翻转课堂的教学模式,对照章节则采用传统的教学方法。教学结束后进行考核,比较前后章节的课堂测验成绩,另外采用调查问卷,分析学生对两种教学方法的满意度。结果临床医学和医学影像学专业的学生第二次课堂测试的成绩均高于第一次课堂测试的成绩(P <0.01),同时学生对翻转课堂教学模式的满意度高于传统教学法。结论在系统解剖学实验教学中实行翻转课堂教学模式,同时讲解实物标本并应用数字人解剖学系统进行知识内化,不仅能提高学生的学习成绩,也能调动学生学习系统解剖学的热情,增加教学效果满意度,并为其他解剖学专业课的教学模式改革提供参考和借鉴。     

虚拟仿真实验教学项目在临床医学等专业学生培养中的应用

合理设置课程对于人才培养质量起到关键性作用。在临床医学人才培养的课程体系中融入虚拟仿真实验教学项目，是人才培养以及信息化与高等教育实践教学深度融合的内在要求。基于我校虚拟仿真实验教学的开展情况，对虚拟仿真实验教学项目如何在医学生培养中发挥作用进行归纳和总结，包括如何选择虚拟项目，如何融入课程体系等，并以问卷等方式对其教学效果进行调查。结果显示：大部分学生认为虚拟仿真实验教学项目的应用有助于知识的拓展，有助于提升学习效果，有助于培养临床医学人才的临床思维和科研素质，有助于培养自主学习和终身学习能力，有助于掌握信息技术等相关技能。但如何更好地实现虚实融合等问题值得我们进一步的探索和研究。     

中药调节肠道菌群在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的应用概述

有研究表明,肠道微生态失衡是导致溃疡性结肠炎的一个重要因素。笔者从肠道微生态角度出发,对近年来关于中药单体、活性成分、复方及制剂调节肠道菌群、治疗溃疡性结肠炎的实验与临床研究进行总结。发现中药治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效好,不良反应少,能有效减少病情复发;无论是单味中药及其活性成分,还是中药复方均能有效调节肠道益生菌、减少有害菌群数量,使肠道菌群恢复平衡状态,从而间接调节肠道黏膜免疫功能,促进结直肠黏膜的修复。但中药通过调节肠道菌群治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效目前尚缺乏循证医学证据,今后应加强相关中药药理作用研究,为中药调节肠道菌群在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的应用提供更加有力的证据。参考文献35篇。     

主题创意设计理念在实验诊断学慕课设计中的新应用

随着"互联网+高等教育"打破传统教育的时空界限和学校围墙,慕课平台的大力发展,慕课建设成为如今教学模式的新改革,中国医科大学附属第一医院实验诊断学教研室承担《实验诊断学》的慕课课程建设工作,并首次将主题创意设计的理念应用于医学教育的慕课建设中。课程内容涵盖目前5大专业,9章,19节,82个热门检测项目。本文从主题创意设计的课程设计理念、构建课程框架、组建主题创意团队等多方面探讨实验诊断学慕课课程建设的过程,并通过微信公众号分别对在校学生和社会人士进行关于主题创意设计理念的慕课设计的教学效果评价及满意度调查。调查结果显示在校学生及在职人员实验组的随堂小考成绩、满意度调查得分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.266、4.689、4.198、3.869,P <0.001)。主题创意设计理念的慕课设计,有助提高学生对实验诊断课程的兴趣,提高慕课教学的教学质量,且在医学继续教育的领域,也可对相关专业的在职人员起到继续教育的作用。     

补益营卫方对衰老表皮结构蛋白K17的影响

目的:观察补益营卫方对衰老表皮结构蛋白K17的基因和蛋白水平的影响。方法:将3个月龄小鼠(年轻组)与14个月龄小鼠(老年组)表皮细胞消化分离出来,然后进行传代培养,其中14个月龄小鼠(老年组)的表皮细胞分为2组,一组用常规方法培养细胞,另一组用含2.5%的补益营卫方培养基进行培养,采用荧光定量RT-PCR法和Western Blotting法分别检测细胞K17mRNA表达和细胞K17蛋白表达。结果:与年轻组比较,老年组的K17mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05);经药物干预后小鼠表皮细胞中K17mRNA和蛋白水平较老年组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:补益营卫方可通过抑制衰老表皮结构蛋白K17的表达,起到延缓皮肤衰老作用。     

Kombucha tea ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model for multiple sclerosis (MS), in which an inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage occurs. Kombucha tea is a fermented beverage made from kombucha mushroom, brewed tea, and sugar. In recent years kombucha tea has attracted interest due to its pharmacological properties like antioxidant effects. The aim of the present research was to test the therapeutic effect of kombucha tea in EAE. We induced EAE model in 18 female C57BL/6 mice by inoculation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-35-55 (MOG_35-55) in complete Freund’s adjuvant emulsion. Then, in order to ameliorate EAE symptoms, we used kombucha tea. During the course of study clinical evaluation was assessed, and on the day 21 post-immunization, for evaluation of nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidants capacity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), blood samples were taken from the heart of mice. The mice were sacrificed and brains and cerebellums of mice were removed for histological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that kombucha tea had beneficial effects on EAE by lower incidence, attenuation in the severity, and also a delay in the onset of disease. Histological analysis showed that inflammatory criteria including the number of infiltrated immune cells and plaques as well as demyelination in kombucha tea dosed mice were significantly lower than the control group. Also, in comparison with control mice, the serum levels of NO and TNF-α in kombucha tea-treated mice were significantly decreased. Kombucha tea with its potential therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory properties might be proposed, after additional necessary tests and trials, for treatment of MS.     

Exploration of D022-Type Al3TM(TM = Sc,Ti, V,Zr, Nb,Hf, Ta): Elastic Anisotropy,Electronic Structures,Work Function and Experimental Design

The structural properties, elastic anisotropy, electronic structures and work function of D0₂₂-type Al₃TM (TM = Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, La, Hf, Ta) are studied using the first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the obtained formation enthalpy and cohesive energy of these compounds are in accordance with the other calculated values. It is found that the Al₃Zr is the most thermodynamic stable compound. The mechanical property indexes, such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Vickers hardness are systematically explored. Moreover, the calculated universal anisotropic index, percent anisotropy and shear anisotropic factors of D0₂₂-type Al₃TM are analyzed carefully. It demonstrates that the shear modulus anisotropy of Al₃La is the strongest, while that of Al₃Ta is the weakest. In particular, the density of states at Fermi level is not zero, suggesting that these phases have metal properties and electrical conductivity. More importantly, the mechanisms of correlation between hardness and Young’s modulus are further explained by the work function. Finally, the experimental design proves that D0₂₂-Al₃Ta has an excellent strengthening effect.     

Experimental peri-implant mucositis around titanium and zirconia implants in comparison to a natural tooth: part 2—clinical and microbiological parameters

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological parameters around dental zirconia and titanium implants compared with natural teeth during experimental plaque accumulation. Clinical parameters were evaluated (gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth). Microbiological samples were analyzed for total bacterial cell counts, as well as Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia counts. A statistically significant difference over time was observed in the groups in terms of the gingival index (P < 0.001), plaque index (P < 0.001), and bleeding on probing (P = 0.039). The lowest mean total number of bacterial cells was measured around the teeth, followed by the zirconia implants; the highest values were found around the titanium implants. T. forsythia and P. intermedia values showed significant changes over time and sessions around the titanium implants. Compared to the soft tissues around zirconia implants and the teeth, those around titanium implants developed a stronger inflammatory response to experimental plaque accumulation in terms of the total number of bacterial cells and T. forsythia and P. intermedia values.     

Experimental identification of cancer driver alterations in the era of pan‐cancer genomics

Rapidly accumulating data from large‐scale cancer genomics studies have been generating important information about genes and their somatic alterations underlying cell transformation, cancer onset and tumor progression. However, these events are usually defined by using computational techniques, whereas the understanding of their actual functional roles and impact typically warrants validation by experimental means. Critical information has been obtained from targeted genetic perturbation (gene knockout) studies conducted in animals, yet these investigations are cost‐prohibitive and time‐consuming. In addition, the 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) have been set in place to reduce animal use burden and are increasingly observed in many areas of biomedical research. Consequently, the focus has shifted to new designs of innovative cell‐based experimental models of cell immortalization and transformation in which the critical cancer driver events can be introduced by mutagenic insult and studied functionally, at the level of critical phenotypic readouts. From these efforts, primary cell‐based selective barrier‐bypass models of cell immortalization have emerged as an attractive system that allows studies of the functional relevance of acquired mutations as well as their role as candidate cancer driver events. In this review, we provide an overview of various experimental systems linking carcinogen exposure‐driven cell transformation with the study of cancer driver events. We further describe the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available cell‐based models while outlining future directions for in vitro modeling and functional testing of cancer driver events.