Trends in HIV sexual prevention: Attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention in Spanish young people over the past two decades (1999–2020)

Despite preventive efforts, HIV exposure is still a concern for public health. The current prevalence is related to unsafe sex, which is based on socio-cognitive variables. Therefore, information about these variables is required to verify whether the past preventive strategies have been effective and improve the future ones. However, there is not updated information to adjust future preventive interventions. For this reason, this study analyzes trends by gender in Spanish young people over the past two decades in perceived susceptibility to HIV, severity perceived to HIV, condom confidence and the intention of condom use, from 1999 to 2020. For this purpose, 11,665 Spanish young people (from 17 to 40 years old) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. Following our results, in general, the socio-cognitive variables have revealed an unsatisfactory trend: a low perceived susceptibility to HIV and a behavioral intention that have remained stable or even declined slightly over the past years. Particularly, men are more likely to report a riskier level in socio-cognitive variables although, in the latest evaluations, women would decrease condom use intention largely than men. In general, regarding age, young adult would report better levels of condom confidence, but early youth would get higher results in perceived severity, as well as better scores in the latest evaluations of condom use intention. Considering these results, policies should make an effort in HIV prevention programs, and emphasize the attention to attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention to improve their effectiveness.     

Effect of a Condom Cover on Vaginal Photoplethysmographic Responses

IntroductionThe vaginal photoplethysmograph (VPP) is a reusable intravaginal device often employed in sexual psychophysiology studies to assess changes in vaginal blood flow, an indicator of sexual arousal.AimTo test whether placing a disposable cover on the VPP probe impacts the acquired data. A condom cover would reduce risk of disease transmission and likely increase participant comfort but may negatively impact the VPP signal.MethodThe genital responses of 25 cisgender women (mean age = 21.3 years, standard deviation = 2.6) were assessed with VPP in a within-subjects design with 2 conditions—with and without a polyisoprene condom cover. Sexual responses were elicited by audiovisual film clips that varied in erotic intensity: nonsexual (nonsexual male-female interaction), low-intensity sexual (nude exercise), and high-intensity sexual (male-female intercourse). Women continuously rated their sexual arousal during stimulus presentations.Main Outcome MeasureChange in vaginal pulse amplitude and also self-reported sexual arousal.ResultsThe magnitude of sexual response to each stimulus category and the overall pattern of results were found to be highly similar in the cover-off and cover-on conditions. The high-intensity sexual stimulus category elicited a greater sexual response than all other categories. The low-intensity sexual category elicited a (small) genital response in only the cover-on condition, although we suspect this is a spurious finding. There was no difference in the average number of edited movement artifacts across conditions.Clinical ImplicationsPotential benefits of encasing the VPP probe with a protective cover include enhanced participant safety and comfort, especially if assessing genital responses of high-risk or immunocompromised samples. The use of a cover complies with current guidelines for reprocessing semi-critical medical devices (eg, vaginal ultrasound probes) in many regions.Strengths & LimitationsAlthough the idea of a VPP probe cover had been discussed among sexual psychophysiology researchers, this is the first study to empirically test whether a cover could jeopardize VPP data. Potential limitations include the use of a 10-Hz VPP sampling rate and a cover that was not tailored to the size of the VPP probe.ConclusionPlacing a protective cover on the VPP probe did not appear to meaningfully impact sexual arousal or the VPP data. Based on these results and the potential advantages of a protective cover, researchers may wish to integrate the use a condom cover in their experiment protocols and clinical applications.Sawatsky ML, Lalumière ML. Effect of a Condom Cover on Vaginal Photoplethysmographic Responses. J Sex Med 2020; 17:702–715.     

256例性病门诊患者安全性行为调查分析

目的:了解性病患者对安全性行为知识的知晓情况。方法:采用问卷方式对256例性病门诊患者进行安全套问题调查,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果:从不使用安全套患者由初诊117例(45.7%)降到复诊时86例(33.6%);得知自己患性病后不用安全套与他人性交初诊118例(46.1%)下降到复诊时97例(37%);不用安全套与无性病症状的人性交会否感染性病回答不知道的由初诊58例(22.7%)下降到复诊时14例(5.5%)。结论:加大提倡使用安全套的宣传力度,提高人们对安全性行为的认识水平,提高安全套的使用率,是控制和预防性病及爱滋病经性接触传播流行的关键。     

HPLC法测定双保险避孕套中的壬苯醇醚含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC法测定双保险避孕套中的壬苯醇醚含量.方法:采用菲罗门公司的(月神)C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-水(90∶10),流速1.0ml*min-1,检测波长275nm,灵敏度0.5AUFS,进样量20μl.结果:壬苯醇醚在0.5～3.0mg*ml-1范围内线性关系良好.回归方程:A=1.377×106C-4.141×103r=0.9999.平均回收率:100.8%(n=10)RSD＝1.3%.结论:本法专属性强,结果准确可靠.可作为双保险避孕套中壬苯醇醚含量的质量控制标准.     

深圳市公共场所服务业人员对艾滋病的认知情况及影响因素

目的了解公共场所服务业人员对艾滋病及其传播途径的认知情况。方法2005年9月,采用匿名自填式问卷调查方法,调查深圳市公共场所服务业人员的一般人口社会学特征,对艾滋病的认知情况及影响因素进行分析。结果服务业人员对艾滋病知识有一定的了解,对其主要传播途径有较好的掌握,但在非传播途径的了解方面仍存在一些模糊认识。对安全套的预防作用认识不足。多数愿意接受艾滋病的健康检查。结论应进一步加强公共场所服务业人员的艾滋病教育,使其对艾滋病基本知识有一个全面的了解。推广使用安全套。同时加强预防艾滋病措施的宣传,出台相关的政策。     

Pattern,challenges and correlates of condom use among Nigerians living with HIV infection.

ObjectiveTo determine the pattern, challenges and correlates of condom use among Nigerians living with HIV Infection.MethodsA cross sectional questionnaire study among HIV positive adults attending an HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria. Data entry and analysis were done with Epi-info version 3.5.1.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 35 (SD=7.7; range: 17–58 years) and mean age at sexual debut was 20 years old (range: 7–37 years). Majority were women (66.6%), had at least secondary school education(91.1%), married (68.2%)), on ART (50.7%) and knew their partners HIV status(60.9%). The rate of condom use at last sex act was 65.9%, but only 48.8% used condom consistently. Factors associated with condom use were male gender (OR=2.43, CI=1.35–4.33, P=0.002), less than secondary school education (OR=3.12, CI=1.04–9.28, P=0.05) and Not knowing partner's HIV status (OR=1.90, CI=1.04–3.80, P=0.04). Refusal to use condom (28.4%) were as a result of pregnancy intention, undesirability of condom in marriage and decreased sexual pleasure.ConclusionThere is low consistent condom use rate of 48.8% among this cohort despite their exposure to behavioural change messages. A review of the present counselling strategy and combination prevention is therefore advocated.     

The Integration of Sexuality Into Alcholism Treatment

Sexuality is usually ignored in alcoholism treatment programs, but it is often an issue about which patients are secretly very concerned. While timing of more detailed discussion about sexual issues should often be postponed until sobriety is well established, there are diagnostic issues which need to be addressed. Information about the role sexual conflicts may have played in the alcoholism are important to determine. Information about sexuality needs to be given to pateints in alcoholism treatment programs. A sample educational lecture based on a review of the literature on alcoholism and sexuality is given.     

天津市中职在校学生艾滋病知识知晓及性行为特征

目的:了解天津市中职学生艾滋病知晓及性行为特征。方法:采用2011~2014年天津市青年学生艾滋病监测哨点数据,对中职学生发生性行为的比例及影响因素进行统计分析。结果:2011~2014年共调查1641名中职在校学生,其中1例HIV确认结果阳性,为男男同性性接触感染;受访学生总体艾滋病知识知晓率低;8.5%(140/1641)的学生自述发生过性行为;最近1年坚持使用安全套比例低(16.4%)。结论:中职学生性行为比例高,艾滋病知晓率低,安全套使用率低,感染艾滋病风险高,应该加强中职学生群体的艾滋病检测宣传等工作。     

Condom Use as a Dependent Variable: A Brief Commentary About Classification of Inconsistent Users

Transformation of nonnormally distributed measures of condom use frequency can be problematic for researchers. Distributions are typically dichotomized. We used data collected from 483 university undergraduates in an anonymous, cross-sectional survey to illustrate the value of a screening analysis before dichotomization. Inconsistent condom users were compared to consistent users with respect to 14 measures. Subsequently, inconsistent users were compared to those who never used condoms with regard to the same 14 measures. Findings suggest that a screening analysis is a potentially important aspect of analyzing distributions that assess frequency of condom use.     

曲靖市男男性行为人群安全套使用影响因素分析

目的分析曲靖市MSM安全套使用的影响因素。方法 2010~2013年,采用滚雪球的抽样方法对招募的MSM开展行为学问卷调查。结果共调查400人,最近6个月MSM同性肛交、同性商业性行为和异性性行为发生率分别为100%、5.0%~0、23.0%~13.0%;相应的安全套坚持使用率分别为33.0%~83.0%、20.0%~50.0%、9.5%~69.0%;非条件Logistic回归分析显示,样本来源于网络招募(OR=23.228,95%CI:5.279~102.208)、接受干预服务(OR=13.255,95%CI:2.958~59.394)这2个因素是MSM安全套使用的促进因素;而本地居住1年或以上(OR=0.200,95%CI:0.037~0.172)是MSM不使用安全套的危险因素。结论 MSM高危性行为比较普遍,但安全套使用率低,应该充分利用网络平台加强艾滋病健康教育,尤其是加强在本地居住1年及以上的MSM的干预,提高安全套使用率。