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1.
内脏利什曼病是全球被忽视的传染病之一,危害严重。而利什曼原虫-人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)合并感染对流行地区造成的威胁更甚。利什曼原虫与HIV存在相互作用,合并感染者在临床表现、诊断及治疗方面具有一定特殊性,其病死率及复发率均高于HIV阴性的内脏利什曼病患者。本文对利什曼原虫-HIV合并感染患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗进展进行综述。 相似文献
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目的 分析2005-2019年江苏省抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS的HBV感染情况。方法 采用回顾性资料分析,研究对象来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病防治基本信息系统江苏省2005-2019年HIV/AIDS首次入组抗病毒治疗数据库,采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析。分析不同特征HIV/AIDS的HBsAg检测率和HBsAg阳性率的差异及其影响因素,单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归模型。结果 2005-2019年江苏省首次入组抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS共29 288例,总体HBsAg检测率为49.8%(14 594/29 288),2005-2019年HBsAg检测率由0.0%(0/80)增加到75.2%(3 448/4 586),呈逐年上升趋势。进行HBsAg检测的HIV/AIDS中,江苏省籍占81.6%(11 915/14 594),男女性别比7.34:1(12 845:1 749),年龄(38.5±13.8)岁,汉族占96.1%(14 023/14 594),已婚/同居占48.9%(7 131/14 594)。男男性传播和异性性传播感染途径占97.9%(14 294/14 594)。logistic回归分析结果显示,HBsAg检测率的影响因素中,2015年及以后入组、外省户籍、已婚/同居、大专及以上文化程度、注射吸毒感染途径的人群HBsAg检测率较高。HIV/AIDS的HBsAg阳性率为8.6%(95%CI:8.2%~9.1%),HBsAg阳性率在2016年之前均>10.0%,自2016年以后稳定在6.7%~8.2%。HBsAg阳性率的影响因素中,2015年及以后入组、女性、年龄>59岁、大专及以上学历人群的HBsAg阳性率较低,而45~59岁年龄组和少数民族人群的HBsAg阳性率较高。结论 2005-2019年江苏省首次入组抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS中,HBsAg检测率总体不高,合并HBV感染高于一般人群,需要加强其HBsAg相关检测工作。 相似文献
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目的了解吉林省珲春地区伯氏疏螺旋体与斑点热群立克次体的复合感染情况.方法运用PCR方法对吉林省珲春地区采集的蜱标本,进行伯氏疏螺旋体5S~23S rRNA间隔区基因与斑点热群立克次体外膜蛋白A(ompA)基因的检测.测序并用PHYLIP软件进行序列分析.结果全沟硬蜱中伯氏疏螺旋体感染率为36.0%,在全沟硬蜱中检测到了斑点热群立克次体的感染,其感染率为2 0%.二者的复合感染率为2.0%;森林革蜱中伯氏疏螺旋体感染率30.9%,斑点热群立克次体感染率29.1%,二者的复合感染率16.8%.伯氏疏螺旋体的序列分析显示吉林地区的伯氏疏螺旋体都属于B.garinii基因型,同源性较高.对斑点热阳性片段序列分析表明新测序列与斯洛伐克新发现的IRS3株和IRS4株核苷酸序列同源性为97%.结论吉林省珲春地区全沟硬蜱及森林革蜱中检测到伯氏疏螺旋体与斑点热群立克次体的感染,并检测到2种病原体的复合感染情况. 相似文献
4.
Pierre C?té Jean-Guy Baril Marie-Nicole Hébert Marina Klein Richard Lalonde Marc Poliquin Danielle Rouleau Rachel Therrien Sylvie Vézina Bernard Willems Harold Dion Patrice Junod Normand Lapointe Dominic Lévesque Lyse Pinault Cécile Tremblay Beno?t Trottier Sylvie Trottier Chris Tsoukas Alain Piché 《The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology》2007,18(5):293-303
Concomitant HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common yet complex coinfection. The present document is a practical guide for treating HCV infection in people coinfected with HIV. Effective antiretroviral therapies have prolonged survival rates for HIV-infected people over the past decade, which have made latent complications of HCV major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Advances in the treatment of HCV (eg, combined pegylated interferon and ribavirin) offer the possibility of eradicating HCV infection in coinfected persons. The treatment of HCV must be considered in all cases. Intensive management of the adverse effects of HCV treatment is one of the factors for the success of these therapies. HCV eradication is predicted to decrease the mortality associated with coinfection and reduce the toxicity of HIV treatment. 相似文献
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A.C. da Costa I. Bendit A.C.S. de Oliveira E.G. Kallas E.C. Sabino S.S. Sanabani 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2013,19(1):E31-E43
Human parvovirus B19V (B19V) has been associated with various haematological disorders, but data on its prevalence in leukaemia are scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil with leukaemia to determine the molecular frequency of B19 variants and characterize the viral genetic variability by partial and complete sequencing of the coding of non-structural protein 1 (NS1)/viral capsid proteins 1 and 2 (VP1/VP2). The presence of B19V infections was investigated by PCR amplification of the viral NS1 gene fragment and confirmed by sequencing analysis. The NS1/VP1/VP2 and partially larger gene fragments of the NS1-positive samples were determined by overlapping nested PCR and direct sequencing results. The B19V NS1 was detected in 40 (16%) of 249 bone marrow samples including 12/78 (15.4%) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 25/155 (16.1%) acute myeloid leukaemia and 3/16 (18.7%) chronic myeloid leukaemia samples. Of the 40 participants, 25 (62.5%) were infected with genotype 1a and 15 (37.5%) with genotype 3b. The phylogenetic analysis of other regions revealed that 12/40 (30%) of the patients with leukaemia were co-infected with genotypes 1a and 3b. In addition, a new B19V intergenotypic recombinant (1a/3b) and an NS1 non-recombinant genotype 1a were detected in one patient. Our findings demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of B19V monoinfections and dual infections and provide, for the first time, evidence of inter-genotypic recombination in adults with leukaemia that may contribute to the genetic diversity of B19V and may also be a source of new emerging viral strains with future implications for diagnosis, therapy and efficient vaccine development. 相似文献
7.
Nada Pitabut Shinsaku Sakurada Takahiro Tanaka Chutharut Ridruechai Junko Tanuma Takahiro Aoki Pacharee Kantipong Surachai Piyaworawong Nobuyuki Kobayashi Panadda Dhepakson Hideki Yanai Norio Yamada Shinichi Oka Masaji Okada Srisin Khusmith Naoto Keicho 《International journal of medical sciences》2013,10(8):1003-1014
Background: Host effector mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is dependent on innate immune response by macrophages and neutrophils and the alterations in balanced adaptive immunity. Coordinated release of cytolytic effector molecules from NK cells and effector T cells and the subsequent granule-associated killing of infected cells have been documented; however, their role in clinical tuberculosis (TB) is still controversy.Objective: To investigate whether circulating granulysin and other effector molecules are associated with the number of NK cells, iNKT cells, Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and such association influences the clinical outcome of the disease in patients with pulmonary TB and HIV/TB coinfection.Methods: Circulating granulysin, perforin, granzyme-B and IFN-γ levels were determined by ELISA. The isoforms of granulysin were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The effector cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Circulating granulysin and perforin levels in TB patients were lower than healthy controls, whereas the granulysin levels in HIV/TB coinfection were much higher than in any other groups, TB and HIV with or without receiving HAART, which corresponded to the number of CD8+ T cells which kept high, but not with NK cells and other possible cellular sources of granulysin. In addition, the 17kDa, 15kDa and 9kDa isoforms of granulysin were recognized in plasma of HIV/TB coinfection. Increased granulysin and decreased IFN-γ levels in HIV/TB coinfection and TB after completion of anti-TB therapy were observed.Conclusion: The results suggested that the alteration of circulating granulysin has potential function in host immune response against TB and HIV/TB coinfection. This is the first demonstration so far of granulysin in HIV/TB coinfection. 相似文献
8.
Siwalee Rattanapunya Jiraporn Kuesap Wanna Chaijaroenkul Ronnatrai Rueangweerayut Kesara Na-Bangchang 《Acta tropica》2015
The objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of malaria and HIV coinfection and assess the effect of HIV coinfection on malaria disease severity in malaria patients from the endemic area of Thailand along the Thai–Myanmar border. Blood samples were collected from a total of 867 patients with malaria (all species and severity) who attended Mae Tao clinic for migrant workers, Tak Province during 2005–2007 (439 samples), 2008–2010 (273 samples), and 2011–2013 (155 samples). The average prevalence rate of malaria and HIV coinfected cases in this malaria endemic area of the country during the three periods was 1.85%. HIV coinfection was observed only in samples with mono-infection of Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax, with similar proportions (0.81 vs. 1.04%). Patients’ admission parasite density, an indicator of disease severity, was significantly higher in cases with HIV coinfection observed during 2008–2010. Anemia was found at a significantly higher frequency in patients coinfected with malaria and HIV observed during 2005–2007 compared with those infected with malaria alone. No association was observed between malaria and HIV coinfection and gender, and infected malaria species during the three observation periods. Patients with malaria and HIV coinfection had a significantly lower hemoglobin level than those with malaria infection alone. In conclusion, the prevalence of malaria and HIV coinfection in population of the malaria endemic area along the Thai–Myanmar border is low. HIV coinfection tended to increase parasite density, an indicator of malaria disease severity. 相似文献
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Mixed viral infections are ubiquitous in natural populations and may have significant but unpredictable biological and epidemiological consequences. These infections may be acquired simultaneously (coinfection) or result from two single infections at different time intervals (superinfection). This study investigated the effect of mixed infections of two mosquito-borne viruses, Sindbis (SINV) and La Crosse (LACV), on the replication of each virus in vertebrate baby hamster kidney (BHK) and invertebrate Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cell lines. SINV and LACV were inoculated onto confluent monolayers of each cell type either singly, simultaneously, or with a 2-h delay between single inoculations and titers for each virus were quantified by qRT-PCR. The titers for both viruses were significantly higher in BHK compared to C6/36 cells. Mixed infections suppressed replication of both viruses in BHK cells except for one superinfection treatment where inoculation of SINV ahead of LACV did not result in a reduction in SINV titer relative to single infection treatment. In C6/36 cells mixed infections had no effect on LACV replication, while coinfection enhanced SINV replication. These results demonstrate the potential for mixed viral infections to modify arbovirus transmission and pathogenesis. 相似文献