Ross手术的临床应用现状

Ross手术自1967年应用于临床以来，已被用于各种原因引起的主动脉瓣狭窄、左心室流出道梗阻和二尖瓣病变。Ross手术经历了诸如根部置换、圆筒形包埋技术、瓣环缩小技术、Ross—Konno手术和自体肺动脉瓣二尖瓣置换术（Ross—Kabbani手术或RossⅡ手术）。由于自体肺动脉瓣有不需抗凝、大小适宜、能存活、生长和长期耐久的特性，并具有良好的血流动力学表现和对细菌性心内膜炎有抵抗力的优点，尤其适用于妊娠期妇女、儿童和青少年。现就Ross手术的外科技术、手术指征、选择标准、外科处理主动脉瓣狭窄、左心室流出道梗阻和二尖瓣病变的临床应用进展和效果进行综述。     

ROSS手术的进展

自体肺动脉瓣与机械瓣、异种瓣、同种异体瓣相比，有着明显的优越性。近年来，随着以自体肺动脉瓣置换主动脉辨的手术(又称Ross手术)技术的提高、术式的改良，Ross手术的适用范围不断扩大，手术死亡率、再手术率也明显下降，本文就Ross手术的进展作一综述。     

二维超声心动图对主动脉瓣关闭不全病变鉴别诊断价值

本文报道用二维超声心动图对主动脉瓣关闭不全124例进行病变鉴别诊断。就其图象特征结合X线所见,心音图等进行了鉴别诊断的探讨。其中,有风湿性心脏病111例;感染性心内膜炎4例;冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病5例;马凡氏综合征2例;左室假腱索2例。认为此项检查对主动脉瓣关闭不全病变鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

慢性缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

严重冠状动脉心脏病和心肌梗死引起的二尖瓣关闭不全，称为缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全（ischemic mitral regurgitation，IMR）。IMR病人的二尖瓣瓣叶和瓣下结构无病理改变，多数病人是因心肌梗死后发生左心室重构引起的，少数为急性心肌梗死乳头肌断裂的结果。IMR必须与其他原因，如退行性变、风湿性心脏病和心内膜炎等引起的MR区别；同时，也应与其他原因所致的MR合并冠心病区别。由于冠心病的发病率日益增多，IMR的发生率也相应增多，约占冠心病的6％-19％，冠心病成为二尖瓣关闭不全的三种主要原因之一。[第一段]     

胆汁反流性胃炎的机理和药物治疗

胆汁与胃酸一样可作为致病因子，是反流性食管炎、食管腺癌、胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌的致病因子之。根据反流的部位可分为十二指肠胃反流（DGR）和十二指肠胃食管（DGER）反流。胆汁反流的形成原因包括原发性和继发性，原发性胆汁反流是上消化道动力功能紊乱以及抗胆汁反流的生理屏障减弱或丧失的结果，如奥狄氏括约肌功能紊乱、幽门关闭不全或持续开放、     

"缘对缘"技术在瓣膜成形术中的应用

随着心肌保护、体外循环技术及术后管理的进步，二尖瓣置换的手术成功率及远期疗效均有明显的提高。进行性发展的二尖瓣关闭不全会引起左心房及左心室扩大，左室充盈压升高及左室后负荷减低；若不及时治疗，病变会引起心功能不全，心力衰竭甚至猝死。对于二尖瓣关闭不全，二尖瓣成形术仍是首选的治疗方法。二尖瓣成形能维持心脏的几何形态，保护心室功能，明显降低手术死亡率，降低术后心内膜炎及血栓发生率，具有良好的长期生存率，治疗效果明显优于二尖瓣置换术。     

升主动脉成形术中期效果分析

Objective Reduction ascending aortoplasty is an alternative procdure to the replacement of the ascending aorts in case of ascending aorta dilation. However,its applicabikity is still under debate.This retrospective study was designed to evaluuate the midterm follow-up of unsupported ascending reduction aortoplasty for of the ascending aorta in petients with aortic valve dis- ease.Methods From October ,1996 to April,2007, a total of 54 patients with aortic valve disease and dilatation of the ascending aorta underwent unsupported reduction aortoplasty in combination with aortic valve replacement at our institution The diameter of the ascending aorta was measyred before and early after sugery and then later between 13 and 96 menths [mean (23 ±16)months] posto- perativeiy using echocardiography.Results Two patients were dead with thean overall perioperative mortality rate was of 3.7%. The reduction aortoplasty decreased the diameter of the aorta from (45.77±6.02) mm p～eope～afive]y to (34.67 ～4.81) mm early after surgery (P<0.01). During follow-up, the diameter d aorta increased from (34.67±4.81) mm early after surgery to (37.65± 6.35) mm after a mean follow-up of (23±16) months (P<0.01), including the diameters are greater than > 45 mm within 5 pa- tients. Aortic stenosis and an early postoperative diameter greater than 40 mm m'e independent risk factors for redilatation. Conchusion Because of the unsatisfied midterm follow-up redilation of unsupported reduction aortoplasty for dilation of the ascending aorta with aortic valve disease, this group of patients needs continued intimate fallow-up or even reoperation. The patients of stenosis is the surtable indication for RAA, and it is necessary to reduce the diameter of aorta to be lees than 40 mm to prevent redilation.     

干下漏斗部室间隔缺损的外科治疗

４６例干下漏斗部室间隔缺损，占同期室缺手术治疗的２３．２％（４６／１９８）。缺损位于肺动脉瓣下３４例，漏斗部１２例。用带垫片褥式缝合修补２１例，补片修补２５例。全组无死亡。术后直接缝合组有主动脉关闭不全２例、残余分流２例，残留杂音３例。笔者认为，适时手术，选择适当的进路、应用补片修补、正确判断和处理主动脉瓣病变及对合并肺动脉狭窄者予以流出道补片加宽，是提高本病手术疗效的关键。     

复合带瓣人工血管替换升主动脉和主动脉瓣(24例报告)

报告２４例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全行升主动脉和主动脉瓣替换及冠状动脉开口移植术（Ｂｅｎｔａｌ术２２例，底盘法２例）。１３例伴有升主动脉夹层分离，对其中８例ＤｅＢａｋｅｙＩ型者，以Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ毡条内外加固主动脉切端后吻合。１３例用人工血管周围间隙与右心耳吻合以控制升主动脉吻合之外的出血。３例以人工血管片环包主动脉吻合口控制局部广泛渗血及出血。２例术毕不能脱离体外循环死亡，手术死亡率８３％。随访平均２１８个月，２例死于蛛网膜下腔出血，１例右股动脉栓塞经手术治愈；其余病人康复良好，心功能（ＮＹＨＡ）Ｉ～ＩＩ级。