急性胰腺炎中医辨证分型与多层螺旋CT灌注相关性研究

[目的]通过对急性胰腺炎（AP）CT灌注血流参数的变化与中医证型相关性的研究，试图找出特异的指标，将其引入中医对AP的辨证，以使辨证更为客观。[方法]运用中医理论将49例AP患者分为肝郁气滞、胃肠实热、湿热蕴结3种证型组，同期运用16排螺旋CT进行灌注扫描。应用perfusion3软件包进行数据处理，计算各型的血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、平均通过时间（MTT）、毛细血管通透性（PS）等灌注参数，对不同证型的AP患者的灌注数据与正常胰腺（对照）组进行方差分析检验。[结果]3个不同证型的AP组BF、BV平均值较对照组显著降低（P〈0．01），而PS高于对照组（P〈0．05）；胃肠实热型的BF、BV平均值较肝郁气滞及湿热蕴结型显著降低。[结论]不同中医证型的AP，其CT灌注血流参数不尽相同，胃肠实热型AP病情较其他证型重，血流参数BV、BF明显低于肝郁气滞型和湿热蕴结型。血流参数的变化是中医证型变化的主要因素之一，是判断AP中医证型的一个参考指标，同时也可作为判断病情轻重程度的客观指标之一。     

冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像及冠脉造影对冠脉搭桥术后桥血管的评价

目的观察冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像及冠脉造影对冠脉搭桥手术后桥血管的评价作用。方法33例冠脉搭桥手术患者,术前常规冠脉造影检查,手术行不停跳冠脉搭桥术,手术后1 a行冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像,并于冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像复查后1周内行冠脉造影检查。结果33例患者共行冠脉搭桥101支,冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像能够成功显示99支,显示率为98.02%。冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像与冠脉造影结果对比,其对冠脉搭桥手术后桥血管狭窄和阻塞评价敏感度达100%。结论应用冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像对冠脉搭桥术后桥血管评价简便、无创,具有较好的可信性和可行性。     

64排螺旋CT血管成像诊断肠系膜上动脉病变

目的探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像在临床诊断肠系膜上动脉病变及肠系膜上动脉相关病变的价值。方法以31例初步诊断为疑似肠系膜上动脉病变或肠系膜上动脉相关病变的患者作为研究对象。对所有患者行全腹部多层螺旋CT容积扫描。待获取扫描原始数据后,采用图像后处理技术进行图像的后处理,包括：三维最大密度投影（3DMIP）、多平面重组（MPR）、容积再现（VR）。并对扫描结果进行分析。结果所有患者经多螺旋CT血管成像均可使肠系膜上动脉及其分支清晰显示。其中,肠系膜上动脉压迫综合症12例,包括＂胡桃夹＂综合征7例和十二指肠淤滞症5例;肠系膜上动脉夹层3例,包括孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层1例和胸腹主动脉夹层累及肠系膜主动脉2例;肠系膜上动脉缺血性病变15例。结论 64排多螺旋CT血管成像可清晰观察到肠系膜上动脉及其周围血管的各种病变情况,对肠系膜上动脉病变及肠系膜上动脉相关病变的诊断具有重要价值,值得在临床肠系膜上动脉病变的诊断中推广应用。     

应用Volume软件测定肺减容动物实验中肺容积变化的研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT定量分析Volume软件在肺减容术动物实验中肺容积测定的应用价值.方法 8头健康约克幼猪,随机分为实验组、对照组各4头,经纤维支气管镜行生物性肺减容术,采用多层螺旋CT扫描,Volume软件动态监测术前、术后1周,术后1,3个月肺容积变化,分析其与术后3个月取出的动物肺脏其形态学,组织病理学的关联性 结果 对照组4头幼猪,右肺容积/总肺容积平均比值由术前(48.9±4.7)％到术后3个月减至(48.2±5.7)％,P＞0.05,差异无显著性.实验组4头幼猪各右肺容积/总肺容积比值术后较术前均明显减小,其平均比值由术前(57.9±1.6)％到术后3个月减至(49.6±2.65)％,P＜0.05,差异有显著性.同时,对照组中术前、术后的影像学、3个月后取出靶区肺的大体形态及病理学上均无明显改变,而实验组4头幼猪3个月后肺靶区体积明显减少,均有不同程度的肺纤维化改变,与Volume软件检测的肺容积变化相一致.结论 多螺旋CT Volume软件为肺减容术动物实验中肺容积测定提供了一种简单,无创,迅速,准确地估测方法.     

采用16层螺旋CT对直肠癌T分级与病理对照研究

目的采用16层螺旋CT重新评价传统直肠癌CT分期,进一步制定合理的T分级。方法67例经手术病理证实的直肠癌患者,前瞻性行术前多层螺旋CT（MSCT）盆腔平扫及增强扫描,男39例,女28例;平均年龄56.6岁。统计病变大小、肠壁厚度及周围浸润情况,并与术后病理对照分析。结果按照Fleming分期标准对CT资料进行将T三级分级标准,与术后病理T分级对照,一致性较好（Kappa值=0.53）;按照Patrick分期标准进行T分级,与病理分期对照,一致性较好（Kappa值=0.56）;本研究结合三期增强扫描制定新的T分级标准,与术后病理T分级对照,有更好的一致性（Kappa值=0.67）。结论新的T分级标准与病理T分级对照一致性更好,通过直肠癌的CT征象分析,对术前判断肿瘤的恶性程度及患者的预后有重要价值。     

螺旋CT测量颈椎椎体间隙准确性的验证

[目的]验证螺旋CT测量颈椎椎体间隙的准确性,为螺旋CT测量颈椎椎体间隙提供理论依据.[方法]选取8具男性(30 ～ 52岁,平均年龄37.7岁)新鲜尸体,排除先天畸形,创伤,肿瘤及明显退行性变,取其头颈部标本.在颈椎生理曲度下,螺旋CT扫描标本,三维重建图像,测量颈椎椎体间隙的前后径,左右径,正中矢状面上的前缘,中点及后缘的高度.将颈椎标本固定于相同的生理曲度.在C型臂X线机透视引导下,以外固定支架固定颈椎标本,刮除干净各间隙椎间盘和软骨终板,在间隙内灌注硅胶,待硅胶凝固后,松开外固定支架,取出硅胶模型,修剪模型边缘至光滑.应用激光三维扫描仪创作硅胶模型的三维图像.测量其各项径线.[结果]将CT扫描的测量值与硅胶模型的测量值进行配对t检验.P值范围为0.058 ～0.893,均大于0.05,CT扫描与硅胶模型的测量值不存在显著差异.[结论]螺旋CT测量颈椎椎体间隙结果准确,可以作为测量较大样本量颈椎标本的可信方法.硅胶塑形法与螺旋CT扫描法相结合,能更好地为符合国人解剖特点的仿生型颈椎椎体间融合器的研发工作提供形态学依据.     

Correlation between microvessel density (MVD) and multi-spiral CT (MSCT) perfusion parameters of esophageal cancer lesions and the diagnostic value of combined CtBP2 and P16INK4A

BackgroundThis article aims to analyze the correlation between microvessel density (MVD) and multi-spiral CT(MSCT) perfusion parameters of esophageal cancer lesions, and the diagnostic value of combining C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) and P16 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4a (P16^INK4A).MethodsA total of 42 cases of normal esophageal mucosa tissues >5 cm from the cancer tissue were selected as the control group. The expression levels of CtBP2 and P16^INK4A and the values of MSCT perfusion parameters and MVD were compared in the control group and esophageal cancer group. SP immunohistochemical staining was used to detect protein expression levels of CtBP2 and P16^INK4A. The Pearson method was used to analyze the differences and pertinence of MSCT perfusion parameters and MVD in the control group and esophageal cancer group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the diagnostic value of CtBP2 and P16^INK4A combined with MVD and MSCT perfusion parameters in esophageal cancer.ResultsThe positive expression rate of P16^INK4A in the esophageal cancer group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The positive expression rates of CtBP2, blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), surface permeability (permeability surface, PS), and MVD values were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in blood flow (BF) value between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The BF value of the tumor invading the fibrous membrane was significantly higher than that of the non-invading fibrous membrane (P<0.05), and the PS and MVD values of the patients with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The MSCT perfusion parameters BF and BV were significantly positively correlated with MVD (P<0.05), while MTT, PS, and MVD were not significantly correlated (P>0.05). ROC results showed that the areas under curve (AUC) of CtBP2, P16^INK4A, and MSCT were 0.625, 0.747, and 0.812, respectively. However, the area under the combined detection curve was larger, at 0.869.ConclusionsMSCT perfusion imaging of esophageal cancer lesions can indirectly reflect the angiogenesis of esophageal cancer, and the combination of CtBP2 and P16^INK4A can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of the disease.