利用表型筛选法测定整合子对耐药性基因盒的整合频率

目的 建立一种利用表型筛选的方法来测定整合子对耐药性基因盒的整合频率. 方法 将整合子和aadA2耐药性基因盒克隆到同一质粒pACYCl84的不同位点,该重组质粒和高表达整合酶的重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),挑选阳性克隆过夜培养后,取适量菌液涂布含有链霉素的LB琼脂平板,同时取适量菌液涂布不含链霉素的LB琼脂平板,过夜培养后计数菌落个数,用以计算整合频率.同时以链霉素平板上的阳性克隆为模板,进行PCR扩增.对扩增产物切胶回收纯化,然后进行测序,以确定aadA2耐药性基因盒整合位点. 结果 在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)宿主中,整合子对aadA2耐药性基因盒的整合频率为1.1×103,主要的整合位点为attI. 结论 该系统可以用于整合子对基因盒捕获频率的测定.     

HIV-1-infected patients with advanced disease failing a raltegravir-containing salvage regimen in São Paulo,Brazil

Raltegravir (RAL) is the first licensed antiretroviral integrase inhibitor that may be used both for treatment-naïve human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) patients and for salvage therapy. The Brazilian public free access programme limits its use for salvage therapy, with scarce information regarding RAL resistance from patients failing a RAL-containing salvage regimen. This study evaluated RAL resistance mutations detected by population sequencing in 69 HIV-infected patients with advanced disease failing a RAL-containing regimen in a real-world setting. RAL resistance mutations were identified in 47/69 patients (68%). The most common salvage regimen, used by 56/69 patients (81%), included lamivudine, tenofovir, darunavir/ritonavir and RAL. At failure, major RAL resistance mutations included Q148H/R/K (21/47; 45%), N155H (14/47; 30%), Y143R/H/C (3/47; 6%) and E92Q (1/47; 2%). Most samples with Q148H/R/K also showed G140S/A/C (21/47; 45%). RAL resistance was significantly associated with less than two active drugs in the optimised background therapy regimen at failure [39/39 (100%) vs. 9/17 (53%); P < 0.001] and with a longer cumulative duration with detectable viraemia (viral load >50 copies/mL) (86 weeks vs. 32 weeks; P = 0.001). A high frequency of RAL mutations was observed in this study. In addition, these results reinforce the importance of close monitoring of RAL-containing regimens to reduce the time of failure and consequent resistance accumulation.     

鲍氏不动杆菌耐消毒剂-磺胺基因、Ⅰ类整合酶基因及氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因研究

目的了解鲍氏不动杆菌耐消毒剂-磺胺基因(qacE△1-sulI)、Ⅰ类整合酶基因(intI1)及氨基糖苷类修饰酶(aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes,AMEs)基因存在情况.方法自临床分离20株鲍氏不动杆菌,采用聚合酶链反应及序列分析的方法分析qacE△1-sulⅠ、intI1及9种AMEs基因.结果 qacE△l-sulⅠ、intⅠ1、aac(3)Ⅰ、aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6')-Ⅰ、ant(3")-Ⅰ和aac(6')-Ⅱ基因的阳性率分别为90.0%、20.0%、55.0%、15.0%、35.0%、60.0%和5.0%,而aac(3)-Ⅲ、aac(3)-Ⅳ、ant(2")-Ⅰ和aph(3')-Ⅵ基因均阴性.结论浙江省立同德医院临床分离的鲍氏不动杆菌多重耐药严重,耐消毒剂-磺胺基因及AMEs基因携带率较高.     

菌落杂交法鉴定沙门菌第一类整合子

目的:建立一种快速而经济的鉴定细菌中整合子的新方法,分析整合子介导的细菌耐药性。方法:以第一类整合酶基因intI1为探针,采用地高辛进行标记,菌落杂交的方法来鉴定第一类整合子阳性菌株。结果:发现在23株沙门菌中,四株第一类整合子阳性菌株,与采用第一类整合酶基因intI1 PCR扩增方法所得到的结果相一致。结论:菌落杂交法可以简单快速地鉴定细菌中整合子,这对研究整合子的特性及整合子在细菌耐药性中的介导作用具有重要意义。     

铜绿假单胞菌Ⅰ类整合子遗传标记及耐药基因研究

目的 了解分离自重症监护病房（ICU）铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）中,Ⅰ类整合子及抗菌药物耐药相关基因存在状况。方法 对ICU分离33株PAE,采用PCR方法检测Ⅰ类整合子遗传标记（intⅠ1和qacE△1-sul1基因）及22种抗菌药物耐药相关基因。结果33株PAE中,oprD基因均存在缺失突变,其他23种基因intⅠ1、qacE△1-sul1、blaIMP、blaVIM、blaTEM、blaSHV、blaOXA-10群、blaCARB、blaPER、blaVEB、blaGES、blaDHA、blaOXA-1群、blaOXA-2群、blaBEL-1、blaCTX-M-1群、aac（3）-Ⅱ、aac（6′）-Ⅰ、aac（6′）-Ⅱ、ant（3″）-Ⅰ、ant（2″）-Ⅰ、catB和cml1均阴性。结论 临床分离的PAE中不存在Ⅰ类整合子、oprD基因缺失突变率很高,oprD基因缺失突变是其对亚胺培南耐药的主要原因。     

鲍曼不动杆菌整合子相关耐药基因研究

目的了解我院鲍曼不动杆菌整合子流行情况，证实整合子与鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药性的关系，建立一种快速简便的整合酶聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测方法。方法收集我院2005年9月至2006年2月临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌共52株，用纸片扩散法检测鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性及用整合酶PCR检测其整合子基因。结果在52株鲍曼不动杆菌中，整合酶PCR检测出Ⅰ类整合子33株（63％），未检测出Ⅱ类整合子。统计学分析结果显示，整合子阴性和阳性的鲍曼不动杆菌对各种抗生素的耐药率存在明显差异，前者仅对几种抗生素耐药而后者对多种抗生素耐药。结论我院多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中主要为Ⅰ类整合子，整合酶PCR是一种快速、简便、易在临床开展的检测方法，同时也是控制医院感染的有效检测手段。     

新型细菌耐药元件——整合子系统

已有证据表明整合子系统是微生物中主要的耐药机制,由其介导的细菌耐药是细菌发生水平基因转移和产生耐药机制的主要的途径。目前知道的整合子可分为两类:传统的整合子和超级整合子;前者的基因盒可编码一种或多种耐抗生素和消毒剂,存在于转座子、质粒和细菌染色体;而后者的基因盒编码了很多不同的功能,它们只在细菌的染色体上存在,有的可以同时携带一百多个基因盒;目前只在特定菌株中发现超级整合子。研究表明,整合子上的基因盒可能最初都来之于超级整合子。本文就整合子的结构、分布、起源及它对基因进化产生的影响等几个方面的研究进展进行讨论。     

Replication of biotinylated human immunodeficiency viruses

Previous work demonstrated recently the adaptation of the Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA - biotin acceptor sequence (BAS) labeling system to produce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viruses with biotinylated integrase (NLXIN_B) and matrix (NLXMA_B) proteins (Belshan et al., 2009). This report describes the construction of an HIV permissive cell line stably expressing BirA (SupT1.BirA). Consistent with the results in the previous report, NLXMA_B replicated similar to wild-type levels and expressed biotinylated Gag and MA proteins in the SupT1.BirA cells, whereas the replication of NLXIN_B was reduced severely. Three additional HIV type 2 (HIV-2) viruses were constructed with the BAS inserted into the vpx and vpr accessory genes. Two BAS insertions were made into the C-terminal half of the Vpx, including one internal insertion, and one at the N-terminus of Vpr. All three viruses were replication competent in the SupT1.BirA cells and their target proteins biotinylated efficiently and incorporated into virions. These results demonstrate the potential utility of the biotinylation system to label and capture HIV protein complexes in the context of replicating virus.     

抗HIV药物进展

文章讨论了现存各种抗AIDS药物及其作用与研究进展，文末附表作了概括，为抗HIV药物研究提供参考。