~(60)钴辐照法对生物羊膜中人类免疫缺陷病毒灭活效果的研究

目的研究60钴辐照法对生物羊膜中污染的人免疫缺陷病毒灭活效果。方法采用细胞培养法,对辐照法灭活生物羊膜中人工污染HIV-1ⅢB病毒效果进行观察。结果经辐照剂量为25 k Gy处理,可使污染在生物羊膜制品的HIV-1ⅢB病毒滴度下降6.5个log以上。处理后生物羊膜制品经细胞培养盲传三代,均未出现细胞病变。结论 25 k Gy辐照法能够完全灭活生物羊膜产品中污染的人免疫缺陷病毒。     

北京男男性行为人群HIV-1序列和流行趋势分析

目的 分析北京MSM人群HIV序列特征,预测北京该人群中HIV流行趋势。方法 汇总本实验室获得的北京MSM人群HIV序列,下载Los Alamos HIV Database中我国MSM人群及其他人群中流行的HIV序列,利用PhyML 3.0、BEAST等软件重建北京MSM人群系统发育树、估算突变速率、推断tMRCA、重建群体流行动态参数、计算再生指数R₀值,分析北京MSM人群与其他人群HIV流行的相关关系,推断进化和流行特征。结果 北京MSM人群中流行的HIV-1亚型包括B、CRF01_AE和CRF07_BC。在全国HIV毒株ML进化树中,北京MSM簇(北京MSM人群所占比例≥40%)共有3簇,即B-1簇、CRF01_AE-1簇、CRF01_AE-2簇。B1簇毒株是由至少3次传入事件进入北京MSM人群的,传入时间分别为1991年3月(1984年7月至1997年2月)、1994年1月(1989年1月至1998年1月)、1991年4月(1984年8月至1996年8月)。CRF01_AE毒株由2次传入事件进入北京MSM人群,传入时间分别为2000年12月(1998年3月至2003年1月)和2001年12月(2000年1月至2003年7月)。流行特征重塑分析显示,CRF01_AE-1簇近年来增长速度较快、突变速率较高。结论 北京MSM人群中存在多种HIV亚型毒株流行,其中B亚型毒株传入时间最早,但增长趋势趋于平稳;CRF01_AE毒株传入时间较晚、但增长迅速,对HIV在北京地区的流行具有明显的推动作用,因此对CRF01_AE毒株的防控有助于减少该地区HIV的流行。     

对in-house HIV-1基因型耐药性检测方法的评价

目的 评价in-house HIV-1基因型耐药检测方法的敏感性与准确性。方法 收集2004年4月至2008年10月全军艾滋病检测中心检测的来自河南、广西130份血浆标本。以美国FDA批准的HIV-1基因型耐药性检测系统(ViroSeqTM v2.0)为参考方法,并与建立起的基因型耐药性检测方法(in-house)平行检测待检样本,比较二者在扩增效率、耐药突变位点检测以及耐药报告等方面的一致性。结果已知的14 850个耐药突变位点中,2种方法可同时对99.3％(14 752/14 850)的耐药突变位点准确检出;在对不同突变位点的检测中,2种方法对蛋白酶抑制剂耐药突变位点、逆转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点及两类抑制剂耐药突变位点检测一致率分别为99.7％、99.0％和99.3％（Kappa值分别为0.909 9、0.952 1和0.948 8,P值均＜0.01）;2种方法出具的两类药物的耐药结果报告一致率94.6％（Kappa=0.637 4,P＜0.01）。本研究共检测到34个ViroSeqTM数据库(ViroSeqTM software v2.7)未收录位点,其中2个突变位点对耐药的影响较大。结论in-house基因型耐药性检测方法与ViroSeqTM基因型耐药性检测系统在耐药突变位点检测以及评价上具有高度一致性,是一种快速准确、性价比高的HIV-1基因型耐药检测方法,同时在耐药数据库方面具有一定优势。     

WuT系列试剂检测我国不同地区艾滋病病人CD4和CD8细胞相对计数的效果评价

目的评价武汉生物制品研究所WuT系列CD3FITC/CD4PE和CD3FITC/CD8PE试剂,检测我国不同地区的艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人CD4和CD8细胞相对计数的效果。方法以美国BD公司的试剂为参比,用CD3FITC/CD4PE和CD3FITC/CD8PE试剂分别检测616人的CD4/CD3比值和584人的CD8/CD3的比值,用线性回归方法对结果进行比较。结果CD3FITC/CD4PE和CD3FITC/CD8PE试剂与参比试剂的检测结果有较好的一致性。CD3FITC/CD4PE试剂与参比试剂的检测结果呈正相关关系(r=0.956,P<0.01),回归方程为y=0.922x 0.0047;CD3FITC/CD8PE试剂与参比试剂的检测结果也呈正相关关系(r=0.941,P<0.01),回归方程为y=0.9464x 0.0097。结论WuT系列CD3FITC/CD4PE和CD3FITC/CD8PE试剂检测我国不同地区艾滋病病人的CD4和CD8细胞的相对计数取得较好的效果。     

ASPCR检测微量HIV-1 K103N耐药突变方法的建立

目的 建立检测微量HIV-1 K103N耐药突变的等位基因特异扩增实时定量PCR(allele-specific real-time PCR,ASPCR)方法,用于微量K103N耐药突变的检测和分析.方法 首先建立检测K103N耐药突变的ASPCR方法,然后对方法进行验证,最后采用ASPCR方法检测对照样本.构建含K103N突变的质粒作为标准品,然后设计特异性引物用以区分野生型和突变型模板,采用SYBR green法进行实时定量PCR,并绘制标准曲线.分别采用特异性和非特异性引物扩增模板,根据二者Ct(cycle threshold)值结合相应的标准曲线判断是否存在K103N突变及突变比例.对ASPCR检测K103N突变位点的特异性、敏感性、准确性、重复性等进行验证.结果 特异性和非特异性引物扩增等量野生型模板的Ct值之差(△Ct)可达13.56;当突变比例小于0.1%时仍具有良好的准确性;批内变异系数小于0.7,批间变异系数小于1.6;检测灵敏度可达0.01%.检测阴性对照样本的△Ct显著高于临界值,阳性对照样本检测结果均为刚性.结论 ASPCR是一种快速、灵敏、准确的检测HIV-1微量耐药突变的方法,可为临床抗病毒治疗提供理论指导.     

新疆某地非甲非乙型肝炎水型爆发的流行病学调查研究

对新疆喀什地区巴合齐乡1987年流行的肠道传播非甲非乙肝炎(ET-N-ANBH)进行了流行病学调查。该乡共发生403例ET-NANBH病例,发病率为2.62%;10～39岁年龄组发病率最高;男性发病率高于女性。Logistic回归分析及病例与水源分布分析,该乡的ET-NANBH的流行主要与土合齐水渠受污染有关,其次是巴扎上的食物传播。     

HIV-1 B′亚型CNHN24毒株 5′端和3′端长末端重复序列的测定及全基因组克隆的构建

目的：对我国HIV-1 B′亚型CNHN24毒株5′端和3′端长末端重复序列（LTR）进行扩增及测序并构建全基因组克隆。方法：利用PCR扩增出5′LTR和3′LTR片段；并利用高保真DNA聚合酶分别扩增出病毒全基因组的5′半分子和3′半分子DNA，然后依次将其克隆入低拷贝载体pLG338。结果与结论：完成CNHN24毒株5′LTR和3′LTR的测序并提交至GenBank，其登录号分别为AY860947和AY894352，使CNHN24株成为具有完整全序列的HIV毒株；获得可以稳定传代的全基因组克隆质粒pCN24，利用此克隆转染293T细胞后可以产生恢复病毒。     

河南某农村接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病患者HIV-1耐药发生的六年队列分析

Objective To analyze the occurring rules of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)drug resistance under an unique therapy model among HIV-1 infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural areas of Henan, China. Methods A cohort of 75 individuals on an ART regimen of zidovudine (ZDV) , dideoxyinosine (ddI) and nevirapine (NVP) was established in March 2003. A total of 12 surveillances were conducted and 788 person-times were studied until 2010. The parameters of CD4 cell count and viral load (VL) were tested in each survey. And genotypic resistance testing was performed in patients with a failure of viral suppression. Survival analysis was used to estimate the occurrence time of resistance. Results The cumulative mortality rate was 16% (12/75) in the cohort. And the cumulative resistance rate was 88% (66/75) from 2004 to 2010. The rate of resistance reached 54. 7% and the probability from susceptibility to drugs developing resistance decreased drastically from 100% to 45. 3% within the first 1 year of initiation. The occurrence time of resistance for half of individuals in the cohort was at 12.0 months(95% CI 8. 6 - 17. 0)after initiation, 25. 1 months(95%C/19.0-33. 3)in those whose VL was less than 4. 0 lgU/ml and 4. 8 months (95% CI 4.1 - 5. 6) at VL ＞ 4. 0 lgU/ml during the first investigation. The individuals with an early occurrence of resistance within 12 months carried high risks for afailure of viral suppression and a decrease of CD4 counts. Conclusion The occurrence of resistance rises with the course of therapy. And the greatest probability for resistance is within the first 1 year of initial therapy. A high level of VL has a significant impact on the development of resistance. Preventing the occurrence of resistance during the initial therapy remains a key goal.     

河南某农村接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病患者HIV-1耐药发生的六年队列分析

Objective To analyze the occurring rules of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)drug resistance under an unique therapy model among HIV-1 infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural areas of Henan, China. Methods A cohort of 75 individuals on an ART regimen of zidovudine (ZDV) , dideoxyinosine (ddI) and nevirapine (NVP) was established in March 2003. A total of 12 surveillances were conducted and 788 person-times were studied until 2010. The parameters of CD4 cell count and viral load (VL) were tested in each survey. And genotypic resistance testing was performed in patients with a failure of viral suppression. Survival analysis was used to estimate the occurrence time of resistance. Results The cumulative mortality rate was 16% (12/75) in the cohort. And the cumulative resistance rate was 88% (66/75) from 2004 to 2010. The rate of resistance reached 54. 7% and the probability from susceptibility to drugs developing resistance decreased drastically from 100% to 45. 3% within the first 1 year of initiation. The occurrence time of resistance for half of individuals in the cohort was at 12.0 months(95% CI 8. 6 - 17. 0)after initiation, 25. 1 months(95%C/19.0-33. 3)in those whose VL was less than 4. 0 lgU/ml and 4. 8 months (95% CI 4.1 - 5. 6) at VL ＞ 4. 0 lgU/ml during the first investigation. The individuals with an early occurrence of resistance within 12 months carried high risks for afailure of viral suppression and a decrease of CD4 counts. Conclusion The occurrence of resistance rises with the course of therapy. And the greatest probability for resistance is within the first 1 year of initial therapy. A high level of VL has a significant impact on the development of resistance. Preventing the occurrence of resistance during the initial therapy remains a key goal.