卵巢成熟畸胎瘤695例临床分析

目的分析695例成熟畸胎瘤病例的临床特点.方法病例来自于北京协和医院1990年～2000年间住院的卵巢成熟畸胎瘤病例,共695例,建立数据库后对其临床特点进行分析.结果卵巢成熟畸胎瘤是育龄期妇女所常见的一种疾病,占卵巢良性肿瘤的52.7%.平均年龄32.4±10.2,20～40岁之间的病例占总数的72.3%.绝经后占总例数的4.2%.平均孕次1.55次,平均产次0.67次.60.4%的患者是在妇科查体时发现的,4.6%患者自己发现腹部有包块存在,7.5%是在其它手术中无意之间发现的.47.5%的患者无任何不适症状,33.4%的患者有腹痛的症状,8.2%患者有急腹症症状,4.2%患者有腹胀症状.其中合并妊娠者占10.3%.术前检查中,下腹平片的阳性率在63.3%,主要为钙化影(占其中的67.9%).术前B超检查提示的以混合性包块的表现居多(82.3%),其中65.8%在术前即可通过B超提示畸胎瘤的诊断.肿瘤标记物CA125升高者占19.6%,而αFP及βhCG阳性者罕见.腹腔镜手术在我院近年来的比例逐渐提高,与相对开腹手术而言,在缩短平均住院日、减少术中出血量、缩短手术时间上均较开腹手术具有优势.肿瘤以单侧为多见,占85.8%,右侧略高于左侧(45.2%和40.6%),双侧者占14.2%.肿瘤平均最大径在7.2±3.4cm,单房占75.4%,多房占24.6%.手术中对另一侧卵巢的情况进行分析,发现在459例肉眼末发现异常表现者行剖探术,仅有1例(0.22%)有阳性发现.肿瘤的组成成份仍以毛发、油脂为常见,而神经、甲状腺、肠管为罕见成份.并发症以扭转最为常见(占7.5%),发生扭转的肿瘤平均最大径在10.2±4.5cm,较未发生扭转者大.扭转的概率随肿瘤的增大而增加,当肿瘤最大径在6cm以下时,发生扭转的机率小于4.4%,而在8cm以上时,扭转的发生的机率在10%以上.破裂、感染、恶性变均为罕见的并发症.本组中复发性肿瘤36例,其术后复发的时间平均为8.1年.随诊6年内的肿瘤复发情况提示6年内的累积复发率为5.4%;开腹手术与腹腔镜手术术后复发率相当对于单侧肿瘤,行一侧肿瘤剔除术和一卵巢切除术术后复发率无差别双侧肿瘤术后的复发率明显高于单侧肿瘤(分别为25.8%和1.7%,P＜0.001);多房肿瘤的复发率也高于单房肿瘤(13.7%和2.7%);对于单侧肿瘤,术后对侧卵巢肉眼末见异常者,未行剖探术和行剖探术术后的复发率和妊娠率无明显差别.结论①在卵巢成熟畸胎瘤的处理上腹腔镜手术要优于开腹手术;②如术中肉眼见对侧卵巢无异常时,可以考虑不行剖探术;③肿瘤最大径大于8cm时,发生扭转的机率将大为增加;④肿瘤复发与保守手术的方式关系不大,但是双侧的、多房的、含有骨质成份的肿瘤,其复发率相对较高.     

绝经后卵巢良性肿瘤147例分析

绝经后妇女发现附件包块，首先要考虑到是否有恶性肿瘤存在的可能性，然而绝大多数为绝经后良性卵巢肿瘤。有关卵巢恶性肿瘤的分析报道不少见，而绝经后卵巢良性肿瘤的大样本报道不多，本文特就绝经后卵巢良性肿瘤的病例作一分析，报道如下。     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

一位改变了我一生的医生

##正##Fukushima老师让我重新认识了"医生"这个词,让我知道,在美国,医生无论多么高尚,无论收入多么高都要以服务的心态来对待每一个病人。Fukushima老师是我2003年在美国学习时的妇产科主任,他是指导我科研的老师。在我看来,他是一个称得上是我一生中的人生导师的人,一个足以让我记忆一辈子的人。     

引产对孕41周孕妇的母儿结局影响

目的 探讨引产对孕41周、无妊娠合并症孕妇母儿结局的影响.方法 选择北京协和医院妇产科2002年9月至2007年4月收治的孕41-41周+0、无妊娠合并症的初产妇374例,按临产与否分为引产组225例,其中药物(包括应用缩宫素和地诺前列酮)引产173例,人工破膜引产5例,人工破膜+药物引产47例;自然临产组149例.分别对两组孕妇的一般情况、分娩方式、产后并发症、新生儿窒息发生情况、住院天数及费用等进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)引产组的剖宫产率(44.0%,99/225)明显高于自然临产组(18.1%,27/149),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)引产组及自然临产组产后出血发生率分别为2.7%(6/225)和1.3%(2/149)、产褥病率分别为0.9%(2/225)和0.7%(1/149)、切口延期愈合发生率为0.9%(2/225)和0.7%(1/149)、尿潴留发生率分别为4.4%(10/225)和3.4%(5/149)、产时损伤发生率分别为0.4%(1/225)和0、羊水Ⅲ度污染发生率分别为11.6%(26/225)和13.4%(20/149)、新生儿窒息发生率分别为1.3%(3/225)和2.0%(3/149),两组孕妇以上各指标分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)在阴道顺产中,第一产程时间引产组平均为413 min,自然临产组平均为461 min,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第二产程时间引产组平均为40 min,自然临产组为48 min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);引产组阴道顺产中第二产程超过60 min的发生率为17.1%(20/117),自然临产组为28.8%(34/118),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);引产组急产发生率为5.1%(6/117),自然l临产组为0,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)住院天数自然临产组平均为(5.7±1.9)d,引产组为(6.9±2.7)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

重复剖宫产对妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨重复剖宫产对孕产妇及围产儿结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月1日至2007年12月31日,在北京协和医院妊娠超过28周行再(多)次剖宫产手术分娩的产妇共412例,根据剖官产次数分为再次剖宫产组(repeated caesarean section group,RCS组,394例)和多次剖宫产组(multiple caesarean section group,MCS组,18例),随机选取同期行初次剖宫产手术分娩的480例为初次剖宫产组(first caesarean section group,FCS组)作为对照,分析三组孕妇的一般临床资料、产时产后并发症及围产儿结局.结果 近十年我院再次剖官产率为4.1%,呈逐年上升趋势.(1)一般临床资料比较:RCS组及MCS组平均年龄分别为(33.7±4.3)岁,(34.5±5.1)岁,大于FCS组(31.5±4.3)岁(P<0.05).RCS组及MCS组平均孕次分别为(3.5±1.4)次,(4.7±1.5)次,多于FCS组(2.1±1.2)次(P<0.05).(2)盆腔粘连发生率:RCS组及MCS组分别为13.5%和50.0%,高于FCS组(0.4%)(P<0.05).(3)子宫破裂发生率:RCS组(1%)高于FCS组(0%)(P<0.05).(4)RCS组及MCS组平均分娩孕周分别为(38.1±1.8)周,(37.3±2.5)周,与FCS组[(38.9±2.1)周]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 再 (多)次剖宫产发生率逐年上升,其显著增加盆腔粘连及子官破裂的发生率,但并不增加围产儿并发症的发生率.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

HIV阳性梅毒性直肠炎1例并文献复习

梅毒性直肠炎是由梅毒螺旋体引起的肠道疾病，一期、二期梅毒均可发生。由于梅毒螺旋体和HIV有相同的传播途径，所以二者常合并感染。梅毒性直肠炎缺乏特异性临床表现及影像学特征，容易误诊及漏诊。根据患者性行为史，临床表现及梅毒血清学、肠镜、病理检查可综合诊断。本文现对1例HIV阳性梅毒性直肠炎患者临床特征进行总结，并进行相关文献复习。