浅谈新形势下微生物学与免疫学实验设置与改革

进入21世纪,随着科学技术的日益发展,对医学人才的综合素质及创新力有了更高的要求,而高等医学院校则承担着培养新世纪医学人才的重要任务。实验教学是医学院校常规教学的重要组成部分,它在培养新世纪医学生综合素质和创新能力方面有着不可替代的重要作用,实验教学改革是高校深化教育改革、全面推行素质教育的重要而有效的途径。特别是近几年来,随着我校教学改革的深入,招生规模的不断扩大,授课时数的削减,对如何提高医学生的实验动手能力和综合素质、如何加强实验教学改革等方面提出了新的要求。这几年我们对微生物学与免疫学实验的设置、方法、材料的改进改革,进行了一系列的尝试和探讨,收到了较好的效果。我们的做法如下。1改革实验项目的设置,提高学生的创新意识和综合素质1.1保留有特色的验证性实验,删除重复、实验过程较长的实验:由于验证性的实验在教学中留给学生自由思考的空间较小,学习中创新的可能性就会大大地减少。因此,实验项目的设置,在保留部分原有的特色的验证性实验的同时,改革实验手段,引入新技术、现代化仪器设备,给传统的验证性实验增加活力;我们还注意开设综合性实验,培养学生的创新能力、科学的思维。例如对流免疫电泳、胶乳妊娠试验,虽然在临床上不...     

新城疫病毒D817对裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤的抑制作用

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain D817 on human colon carcinoma model in nude mice. Methods The nude mouse model of human colon carcinoma was established by subcutaneous inoculation of human colon cancer LOVO cells. The tumor-bearing mice were given PBS, 5-Fu, high-dose NDV D817, moderate-dese NDV D817 or low-dose NDV D817 via caudal vein injection. The tumor size and weight of mice were measured. The liver damages were examined by histopathology. Apoptosis and necrosis of tumor ceils were detected by flow cytometry. The endotumoral content of TNF-α was detected using a mouse TNF-a ELISA kit. The live vires was detected by bemagglutination (HA) test. Results The moderate-dose NDV D817 inhibited the tumor growth more apparently than 5-Fu. The tumor growth inhibition rate reached to 48.1%. The liver damage and the weight change caused by NDV were less severe. NDV D817 made an increased apoptosis index and induced production of TNF-α. Live virus was not detected in important organs except in the tumor of nude mice by HA test. Conclusion In the anti-tumor process in nude mice bearing xenografts of human colon carcinoma, a suitable dose of NDV D817 is more safe and effective.     

新城疫病毒D817对裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤的抑制作用

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain D817 on human colon carcinoma model in nude mice. Methods The nude mouse model of human colon carcinoma was established by subcutaneous inoculation of human colon cancer LOVO cells. The tumor-bearing mice were given PBS, 5-Fu, high-dose NDV D817, moderate-dese NDV D817 or low-dose NDV D817 via caudal vein injection. The tumor size and weight of mice were measured. The liver damages were examined by histopathology. Apoptosis and necrosis of tumor ceils were detected by flow cytometry. The endotumoral content of TNF-α was detected using a mouse TNF-a ELISA kit. The live vires was detected by bemagglutination (HA) test. Results The moderate-dose NDV D817 inhibited the tumor growth more apparently than 5-Fu. The tumor growth inhibition rate reached to 48.1%. The liver damage and the weight change caused by NDV were less severe. NDV D817 made an increased apoptosis index and induced production of TNF-α. Live virus was not detected in important organs except in the tumor of nude mice by HA test. Conclusion In the anti-tumor process in nude mice bearing xenografts of human colon carcinoma, a suitable dose of NDV D817 is more safe and effective.     

关于改进微生物学与免疫学实验教学的探索

医学微生物学与免疫学是医学基础课程,该学科实验课约占本门课程总学时的４３％,是学习本学科的重要环节,起到用实验加深理解、证实理论的作用,并为今后临床医疗,医学科学研究打好基础。如何搞好微生物学、免疫学的实验教学,发挥实验室在教学、科研、技术开发中的作...     

新城疫病毒D817对裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤的抑制作用

目的 观察新城疫病毒DK/HK/817/1980(NDV D817)对裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤的抑制作用.方法 采用LoVo细胞株建立裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤模型,分别给予裸小鼠尾静脉注射PBS、氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)以及NDV D817高、中、低3个剂量,观察不同剂量NDV D817对移植瘤的抑制作用,病理学观察NDV D817对移植瘤和肝细胞的损伤程度,流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡和坏死情况,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒检测荷瘤小鼠体内肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量,血凝实验检测荷瘤小鼠体内活病毒量.结果 中剂量NDV D817可明显抑制移植瘤的生长,肿瘤抑制率达48.1%.NDV D817对荷瘤小鼠体重和肝脏的损伤较小,且具有诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和诱导机体产生TNF-α的能力.荷瘤小鼠处死后只在瘤内检测到活病毒,而在血清和其他脏器中并没有检出活病毒.结论 在对裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤的抑制过程中,NDV D817有明显的抑瘤效果,适当剂量的NDVD817更安全有效.     

新城疫病毒对小细胞肺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的:探讨新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)7793株在体内对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及机制.方法:体外培养人小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞,通过皮下接种NCI-H446细胞建立人小细胞肺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型.NDV组裸鼠瘤内注射新城疫病毒,阳性对照组注射顺铂(cisplatin,DDP),阴性对照组注射PBS.观察移植瘤生长情况和裸鼠体质量变化,绘制肿瘤生长曲线.6周后处死裸鼠剥取肿瘤组织,HE染色观察细胞学变化,免疫组织化学法检测移植瘤细胞Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达情况.结果:NDV注射对肿瘤生长有显著抑制作用,抑瘤率达34.1%;NDV对荷瘤鼠无不良反应;光学显微镜下观察发现,NDV治疗组肿瘤组织有许多散在分布的凋亡/坏死区域.NDV能明显上调Bax蛋白的表达量(P＜0.01),对Bcl-2蛋白表达则无影响.结论:新城疫病毒7793株在体内能够有效抑制移植瘤生长,其抗肿瘤机制可能与上调Bax蛋白的表达有关.     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌质粒的研究

南宁市从猪分离的60株和从人分离的4株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia enterocolitica)中,用琼脂糖电泳的方法检测质粒,发现质粒带一条的有48株,二条的15株,3条以上的有1株。这些菌株无论在26℃及37℃培养中均可在琼脂糖电泳中检出质粒带。在26℃乏钙培养基中可测出质粒带,37℃的培养物必须在钙离子存在的情况下才能检出质粒带。这表明该菌在37℃培养中,质粒的检出与钙离子浓度有关。     

南宁市儿童齿斑变形链球菌分离初报

从南宁市59例儿童牙菌斑中,分离培养出变形链球菌13株,阳性率为22％。并对变形链球菌的致病性、菌体形态、生化反应特性进行了描述。     

高产α—淀粉酶菌株分离培育的初步研究

用常规的细菌培养法从土壤中分离选育出产α—淀粉酶的菌株,再对该菌进行热以及紫外线照射,最后筛选出高产α—淀粉酶的生产用菌株。