与先天性心脏病相关的NUSS术

目的 探讨同期治疗合并先天性心脏病(先心)的漏斗胸及先心术后漏斗胸应用NUSS术的方法及可行性.方法 统计我院2006年7月至2010年6月与先心相关的漏斗胸15例,A组8例合并先心的漏斗胸患儿在同期行心脏手术和NUSS术,其中男5例,女3例,年龄4岁～13岁4个月(平均6岁1个月).其中4例行室间隔缺损经胸伞封术,2例行房间隔缺损经胸伞封术,1例在体外循环下行室间隔缺损修补术,1例在体外循环下行右室双腔矫治及室间隔缺损修补术.B组7例均为先心术后的漏斗胸行NUSS术,其中男5例,女2例,先心手术年龄6个月～3岁10个月(平均1岁9个月),NUSS术年龄4岁7个月～8岁(平均6岁2个月),6例为体外循环下室间隔缺损修补术后,1例为体外循环下法乐四联症矫治术后.术后常规放置有心包纵隔和/或胸腔引流管.结果 所有患儿手术顺利,A组术后5～14 h拔除气管插管,平均(8.8±2.6)h.B组术后4～8 h拔除气管插管,平均(5.9±1.2)h,48～72 h拔除心包纵隔或胸腔引流管.无手术死亡、大出血及胸腔脏器损伤等并发症.术后检查先心矫治效果良好,肺复张良好.术后两组各出现1例切口延期愈合,经治疗后,均顺利出院.随访6个月～4年效果良好.结论 NUSS术用于治疗先心术后漏斗胸以及同期治疗合并先心的漏斗胸安全可行,可有效降低或避免二次手术的难度及风险.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of combining corrective surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) and NUSS surgery for pectus excavatum (PE) as one-staged operation. Methods From July 2006 to June 2010, 15 children with CHD associated with PE were recruited in this study, and divided into two groups: group A underwent one-staged and group B with twostaged operation. Group A had 8 patients including 5 males and 3 females, aging from 4 to 13.4 years (mean, 6 years and 1 month). Among the 8 patients, 6 with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 2with atrial septal defect (ASD) underwent interventional or open repair. After the corrective surgery for their CHD, the 8 patients underwent NUSS procedure for pectus excavatum. The group B had 7patients, including 5 males and 2 females. Among them, 6 had VSD and 1 had tetralogy of fallot (TOF). At the first stage, the patients underwent corrective surgery to repair VSD and TOF under CPB. At the second stage, the patients were performed NUSS surgery to correct PE. Their ages at surgery were 4 years and 7 months to 8 years old (mean, 6 years and 2 months). Results All operations were finished successfully. The endotracheal tube was removed 5 to 14 hours after surgery on Group A patients (mean, 8.75 ± 2.59 h), and 4 to 8 hours on Group B patients (mean, 5.86 ±1. 24 h). The drainage tubes of pericardium, mediastinal or chest were removed 48 to 72 h later after surgery. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 4 years. No surgery-related death, hemorrhage, thoracic organ dysfunction and other severe complications were noted. Delayed wound healing was observed on 1 patient in each group. Others recovered from surgery and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusions It is safe to combine corrective surgery for CHD and NUSS procedure for PE as one stage operation.     

73例大动脉调转术非典型冠状动脉解剖类型分析

目的 分析73例大动脉调转术非典型冠状动脉解剖类型,从临床角度探讨其分类和描述.方法 2001年1月至2008年12月,采用大动脉调转术治疗完全性大动脉转位伴室间隔缺损型(TGA/VSD)38例,完全性大动脉转位伴室间隔完整型(TGA/IVS)35例.根据术中所见冠状动脉解剖,采用Leiden分类标准进行分类,图例参考Marie-Lannelongue医院绘制图例制作.结果 非典型冠状动脉17例,发生率约23%,其中TGA/VSD 10例,TGA/IVS 7例.根据Leiden分类标准可分9类,但有12种描述,7例Leiden标准尚不能准确的分类或全面的描述.结论 TGA 病儿非典型冠状动脉的发生率较高,类型多样,其中有较多的解剖类型Leiden标准尚不能准确描述,为便于临床手术操作,对于非典型冠状动脉的解剖最好足Leiden分类结合补充描述的方法.     

婴幼儿室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭围术期呼吸管理

本院 1989～ 2 0 0 0年 ,共手术治疗婴幼儿室间隔缺损(ＶＳＤ)伴动脉导管未闭 (ＰＤＡ) 4 7例。本文就该病的临床特征、围术期呼吸管理的有关问题进行讨论。临床资料1　一般资料　本组 4 7例 ,男 19,女 2 8。年龄 3月～ 3岁 ,平均 17个月。体重 4～ 13ｋｇ ,平均 8 5ｋｇ。 4 7例均有反复呼吸道感染史 ,38例术前有不同程度发热 ,肺部罗音 ,呼吸急促 ,发育差。 2 9例有心衰史 ,术前心功能评级 :Ⅰ级 8例 ,Ⅱ级 2 2例 ,Ⅲ级 11例 ,Ⅳ级 6例。胸片示肺血增多4 7例 ,心胸比例 0 5 4～ 0 75 ,肺动脉段突出 36例。心电图显示双室肥大 33例 ,15例…     

小儿体外循环围术期胶体渗透压测定的临床意义

随着先天性心脏病(先心病)外科治疗的不断发展，婴幼儿、新生儿及复杂畸形的先心病外科治疗日益增多。但小婴儿尤其是新生儿及长时间体外循环(CPB)的病儿，术后易并发毛细血管渗漏综合征，严重影响预后。维持合适的血浆胶体渗透压(COP)，可减少该症的发生率。2001年10月-12月，我们连续测定了32例先天性心脏病(先心病)病儿围术     

先心病重度肺高压术后肺动脉压改变与术时年龄关系

目前 ,左向右分流先天性心脏病 (先心病 )伴重度肺高压的治疗仍是临床难题 ,对产生不可逆性肺血管病变和手术的时间认识不一 ,致使一些病儿殆误手术时机。为此 ,我们于1995年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 3月 ,连续观察了 32例左向右分流先心病伴重度肺高压 [肺动脉 /体动脉收缩压比值 (Pp/Ps)≥0 75 ]病儿术前和术后肺动脉压的变化 ,并分析其与术时年龄的关系 ,以便为此类病儿的适宜治疗年龄提供依据。资料和方法　左向右分流、经心导管检查确诊重度肺高压并经手术治疗的先心病病儿 ,男 17例 ,女 15例。年龄 6月龄～ 12岁 ,平均 (2 92± 2 5 5 )…     

腋下小切口在小儿胸外科应用316例分析

自从 195 2年DenisBrowne首先应用腋下切口进胸术外科处理动脉导管未闭以来 ,腋下小切口已被广泛用于胸外科手术中。随着社会的发展 ,微创、美观切口越来越被人们重视和追求。我院自 1989年 3月起 ,将该切口应用于动脉导管未闭及食道、纵隔和肺部疾病的外科手术治疗 ,现将施行腋下小切口的病例 (316例 )分析、总结如下 ,以探讨腋下小切口在小儿胸外科手术中的临床应用价值。临床资料1　一般资料　自 1989～ 2 0 0 1年选择性应用该切口于 316例小儿胸外科手术病例 ,男 14 6例 ,女 170例 ;年龄 2天～ 15岁 (平均 2 8岁 ) ,体重 2～ 4 0kg (…     

儿童主动脉缩窄的内外科治疗

目的总结儿童主动脉缩窄（coarctation of aorta，COA）诊断和治疗中的经验教训。方法2000年1月-2006年7月6年间在我院确诊并接受了内外科治疗的75例7岁以下COA病例，对一般临床资料、超声心动图、磁共振（MRI）和选择性心血管造影结果、手术方法、随访结果和预后进行分析。结果外科治疗组（52例）：住院期间死亡2例（3．85％），存活的50例经1个月～6年的随访，治愈47例，3例术后1～2年证实再缩窄行球囊扩张术。内科治疗组（23例）：20例单纯、局限的COA行球囊扩张术，1例再狭窄行2次球囊扩张；3例合并弓发育不良的COA行球囊扩张，有2例症状复发，其中1例因重度肺动脉高压放弃外科手术治疗，1例扩张后2年行外科手术治疗。结论COA治疗上以外科手术为主，手术方法有补片加宽、切除端端吻合、左锁骨下动脉翻转等，合理选择术式效果令人满意；单纯、局限的COA和外科手术纠正后发生的再狭窄是球囊扩张术的较好指征，球囊扩张术对合并弓发育不良的COA的疗效不佳。     

Denis Browne切口在小儿普胸手术中的应用

目的 探讨Ｄｅｎｉｓ Ｂｒｏｗｎｅ切口即腋下直切口在小儿普胸手术中的临床应用价值。方法 ９年中应用腋下直口进行普胸手术１６９例,胸膜外途径６５例,胸膜内途径１０４例。其中动导管未闭１４５例,先天性食管闭锁７例,先天性肺囊肿５例,大气性肺气肿６例,隔离肺１例,纵卫肿瘤５例。结果 全组手术顺利,术野显露良好,无手术并发症。结论该切口隐蔽美观,组织损伤小,明显减轻术后胸痛及肩关节活动障碍。特别适合于婴幼     

儿童右胸外侧小切口在心内直视手术中的应用

随着心脏手术安全性的提高以及外科技术的日趋成熟,术后切口美观问题日益受到人们的重视［１］。我院自１９９７年４月～２０００年８月采用右胸外侧及前外侧小切口体外循环下修补心内畸形３２例,效果满意,现报道如下。１．一般资料:本组３２例中男１１例,女２１例;年龄７个月～１６岁,平均５．４２岁;体重７～４９ｋｇ,平均１７．６ｋｇ。心胸比例０．５～０．６５,平均０．５７。手术后诊断为继发孔房间隔缺损(ＡＳＤ)１９例,室间隔缺损(ＶＳＤ)１３例。合并畸形:左上腔静脉(ＬＳＶＣ)４例,右下肺静脉异位引流(ＰＡＰＶＣ)２例,右室流出…     

脂溶性前列地尔维持室间隔完整型大血管转位患儿动脉导管开放的疗效分析

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of prostaglandin E1 on the neonates with transposition of the great vessels with intact ventricular septum (TGV/IVS) retrospectively. Method From January 2004 to June 2009, 34 neonates with TGV/IVS were enrolled in this study. The pulse rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of patients were measured percutaneouly at admission. Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-PGE1) was administered via peripheral vein with pumping infusion continuously after diagnosis by echocardiography in order to keep the ductus arteriosus (DA) patent. The dose and the time required for the Lipo-PGEl to produce effect were recorded. The changes of SpO2 before and after administration of Lipo-PGE1 were observed. The changes of DA's diameter detected by using echocardiography before and during the operation. Results In all patients the initial dose of Lipo-PGEl was 5 ng/( kg·min) except 3 patients whom larger dosed were required to give guided by the change of SpO2 with 10 ng/(kg·min) in two patients and 15 ng/(kg·min) in one patient. The time required for Lipo-PGE to produce the effect was 5-15 minutes in most infants with mean of (12 ± 3) minutes. The mean SpO2 of the patients measured at admission was (80.05±7.64)%, and it was (86.41±4.83)% two hours before operation (P < 0.05). The average diameter of DA was (0.37±0.08) cm at the time diagnosis and it was (0.51 ±0.15) cm during the operation. The adverse effects occurred in two patients and one of them had apnea and was treated mechanical ventilation. Conclusions Lipo-PGE1 given by continuous pumping infusion via peripheral vein in dose of 5 ng per kilogram per minute can maintainthe DA patency and promote the systemic oxygenation and perfusion, improving the circulation and oxygenation and correcting the acidosis until the plastic surgery performed. Most of the adverse effects of PGE1 are dose related.