An investigation of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly inpatients in neurology department

Objective

To investigate the status of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly inpatients in the department of neurology.

Methods

A total number of 827 patients in the department of neurology of Shanghai Punan hospital, from March 2007 to July 2008, were employed in the present study. They were 60 years or older, and the average age was 77.1±7.5 years old. All the patients were diagnosed with no severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, without any usage of vitamin B12 during the previous 3 months before the detection. The levels of serum vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine (Hcy) were evaluated. The patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were screened. The resulting symptoms, positive signs of neurological examination, and the neuroelectricphysiological results were compared between patients with or without vitamin B12 deficiency.

Results

Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 163 patients (19.71% of the total patients), and was more prevalent in female than in male patients, also with increased incidences with aging. Patients with low levels of serum vitamin B12 exhibited higher rate of gastrointestinal diseases, while only 9.82% of the vitamin B12 deficient patients had megaloblastic anemia. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency included unsteadily walking in the darkness and hypopallesthesia, and some chronic diseases such as cerebral ischemia, hypertension, Parkinson’s disease (Parkinsonism), diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Most of the vitamin B12 deficient patients had neuroelectricphysiological abnormalities.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 deficiency is remarkably common in elderly patients in neurology department, with various and atypical clinical manifestations, and the neurological symptoms are more common than megaloblastic anemia symptoms.     

药源性头痛及其防治

药源性头痛（DIH）指药物直接或间接引发的头痛,其中药物过量性头痛尤应引起临床重视。及时停药和对症处理可缓解DIH症状。本文综述DIH的诊断、发病机制及防治。     

神经科住院老年患者维生素B12缺乏的调查

目的调查神经科住院老年患者维生素(Vit)B12缺乏的状况。方法对本院神经内科2007年3月~2008年7月间连续住院的、年龄≥60岁、无严重肝肾功能障碍、且近3个月未补充VitB12的827例患者血清叶酸、VitB12、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)等指标进行检测,筛查VitB12缺乏者;对VitB12正常者和缺乏者的神经系统症状、体征及实验室检查结果进行比较和分析。结果827例患者中,平均年龄(77.1±7.5)岁,检出VitB12缺乏者163例(19.7%),女性患病率(21.9%)高于男性(17.4%),并随年龄增长有增加的趋势。VitB12缺乏者中伴有胃肠道疾病的比率较高。与VitB12正常者比较,VitB12缺乏者更易出现行走不稳(27.0%)及振动觉减退(34.4%),更多合并脑梗死(62.6%)、高血压(68.7%)、冠心病(39.9%)等慢性疾病。VitB12缺乏者的神经电生理检查多有异常(77%),但巨幼红细胞贫血仅为9.82%。结论神经科住院老年患者VitB12缺乏常见,症状表现多样,神经系统表现较巨幼红细胞贫血更常见。     

肌肉注射与口服甲钴胺对老年维生素B12缺乏患者的疗效观察

目的研究肌肉注射与口服甲钴胺对老年维生素B12缺乏患者血液学指标与神经系统体征的影响。方法将符合入组条件的126例老年维生素B12缺乏患者随机分为肌肉注射组（肌肉注射甲钴胺治疗）、口服组（口服甲钴胺治疗）和对照组（不用甲钴胺治疗）3组,每组42例,比较各组受试者治疗前和治疗6个月后血红蛋白（Hb）、平均红细胞体积（MCV））、血清叶酸、维生素B12、同型半胱氨酸（Hey）浓度及神经系统体征的变化。结果基线状态3组受试者一般情况相似,治疗6个月后,对照组各项指标无明显改变;肌肉注射组血维生素B12由（139．13±31．57）ng／L上升至（328．10±42．35）ng／L（t=23．18,P〈0．001）,Hcy由（36．29±16．23）μmol／L降至（18．23±9．85）μmol／L（t=6．16,P〈0．001）,Hb由（125．34±16．21）g／L升至（132．79±15．98）g/L（t=2．12,P=0．037）,MCV贝0由（92．98±5．35）n降至（87．65±5．74）fl（t=4．40,P〈0．001）,差异均有统计学意义;口服组血维生素B12由（138．19±29．95）ng／L升至（487．79±32．21）ng／L（t=51．51,P〈0．001）,Hey由（33．27±11．51）μmol／L降至（17．49±10．13）μmol／L（t=6．67,P〈0．001）,Hb由（125．89±17．65）g／L升至（133．46±16．26）g／L（t=2．08,P=0．041）,MCV由（93．08±5．10）fl降至（89．29±5．37）fl（t=3．32,P=0．ot31）,差异均有统计学意义。治疗6个月后,肌肉注射组MMSE评分、口服组MMSE评分均较基线时有所提高,但差异均无统计学意义（P值分别为0．633和0．408）;肌肉注射组治疗6个月后跟腱反射（1．86±0．67与1．56±0．61）、口服组治疗6个月后跟腱反射（1．79±0．64与1．43±0．51）均较基线时有所增强（P值分别为0．035和0．006）;肌肉注射组的足部振动觉（1．35±0．37与1．06±0．41）、口服组治疗6个月后足部振动觉（1．244±0．52与1．01±0．43）均较基线时有改善（P值分别为0．001和0．03）,差异均有统计学意义。治疗6个月后,口服组血清维生素B12浓度较肌肉注射组更高（P〈0．001）,其余指标差异均无统计学意义。结论肌肉注射或口服甲钴胺治疗均能改善老年维生素B12缺乏患者的血液学指标和神经系统症状与体征。     

几种运动增多性运动障碍急症及其诊治

运动增多性运动障碍如舞蹈症、偏侧投掷症、肌阵挛、肌张力障碍、抽搐等可表现为急症,需要根据症状尤其是病史和用药情况,及时进行正确诊断及处理。本文综述运动增多性运动障碍急症的病因、特征及临床治疗。     

尤瑞克林对急性脑梗死患者脑循环动力学的影响

目的 观察尤瑞克林治疗急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者的临床疗效及其对患侧脑循环动力学的影响。方法 急性单侧颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者78例,随机分为尤瑞克林治疗组和对照组。两组均给予抗血小板药物等常规治疗,治疗组另加用尤瑞克林治疗,疗程14d。在治疗前、后分别用美国国立卫生研究所脑卒中评分（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评估两组患者的神经功能缺损程度,检测两组患者的脑循环动力学指标（cerebralvascular dynamics indexes,CVDI）,比较两组之间及治疗前后神经功能及脑循环动力学变化。结果 急性脑梗死患者经尤瑞克林治疗后神经功能恢复明显优于对照组,NIHSS评分、临床总有效率均显著改善（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后患侧颈动脉最小血流速度、平均血流速度、最小血流量及平均血流量均较治疗前明显增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）,外周阻力均有所下降（P<0.01）;治疗组治疗后最小血流速度、平均血流速度、最小血流量及平均血流量的增加及外周阻力的下降均较对照组更明显（P<0.01）。治疗组治疗后的血管特性阻抗显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 尤瑞克林能改善急性脑梗死患者脑循环动力学指标,降低脑血管的阻力,增加脑动脉的供血量,促进神经功能恢复。