夫西地酸乳膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常痤疮的疗效

 目的 探讨夫西地酸乳膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常痤疮的疗效。方法 选择武警黑龙江总队医院诊治的寻常痤疮患者110例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各55例。对照组单独应用阿达帕林凝胶治疗,观察组联合应用夫西地酸乳膏与阿达帕林凝胶,两组均持续治疗4周。比较两组治疗后皮损数量、不良反应、复发率等。结果 治疗4周后,与对照组相比,观察组炎性皮损、非炎性皮损个数明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组治疗后不良反应差异无统计学意义。治疗后6个月,观察组的复发率3.64%(2/55)低于对照组14.55%(8/55),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 夫西地酸乳膏联合阿达帕林凝胶治疗寻常痤疮,可明显改善皮损情况,安全性较高,复发率低。     

The impact of neighborhoods and friendships on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents: A report from the medical student CHANGES study

Objective

To examine the experience of interracial anxiety among health professionals and how it may affect the quality of their interactions with patients from racially marginalized populations. We explored the influence of prior interracial exposure—specifically through childhood neighborhoods, college student bodies, and friend groups—on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents. We also examined whether levels of interracial anxiety change from medical school through residency.

Data Source

Web-based longitudinal survey data from the Medical Student Cognitive Habits and Growth Evaluation Study.

Study Design

We used a retrospective longitudinal design with four observations for each trainee. The study population consisted of non-Black US medical trainees surveyed in their 1st and 4th years of medical school and 2nd and 3rd years of residency. Mixed effects longitudinal models were used to assess predictors of interracial anxiety and assess changes in interracial anxiety scores over time.

Principal Findings

In total, 3155 non-Black medical trainees were followed for 7 years. Seventy-eight percent grew up in predominantly White neighborhoods. Living in predominantly White neighborhoods and having less racially diverse friends were associated with higher levels of interracial anxiety among medical trainees. Trainees' interracial anxiety scores did not substantially change over time; interracial anxiety was highest in the 1st year of medical school, lowest in the 4th year, and increased slightly during residency.

Conclusions

Neighborhood and friend group composition had independent effects on interracial anxiety, indicating that premedical racial socialization may affect medical trainees' preparedness to interact effectively with diverse patient populations. Additionally, the lack of substantial change in interracial anxiety throughout medical training suggests the importance of providing curricular tools and structure (e.g., instituting interracial cooperative learning activities) to foster the development of healthy interracial relationships.     

CD19 + CD21lo/neg cells are increased in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of this study was to examine recirculating lymphocytes from SSc patients for potential biomarkers of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with SSc and healthy controls enrolled in the Vanderbilt University Myositis and Scleroderma Treatment Initiative Center cohort between 9/2017–6/2019. Clinical phenotyping was performed by chart abstraction. Immunophenotyping was performed using both mass cytometry and fluorescence cytometry combined with t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis and traditional biaxial gating. This study included 34 patients with SSc-ILD, 14 patients without SSc-ILD, and 25 healthy controls. CD21^lo/neg cells are significantly increased in SSc-ILD but not in SSc without ILD (15.4 ± 13.3% vs. 5.8 ± 0.9%, p = 0.002) or healthy controls (5.0 ± 0.5%, p < 0.0001). While CD21^lo/neg B cells can be identified from a single biaxial gate, tSNE analysis reveals that the biaxial gate is comprised of multiple distinct subsets, all of which are increased in SSc-ILD. CD21^lo/neg cells in both healthy controls and SSc-ILD are predominantly tBET positive and do not have intracellular CD21. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that CD21^lo/neg B cells diffusely infiltrate the lung parenchyma of an SSc-ILD patient. Additional work is needed to validate this biomarker in larger cohorts and longitudinal studies and to understand the role of these cells in SSc-ILD.

     

舌象仪临床应用研究的方法学及报告质量评价

目的 评价舌象仪临床应用研究的随机对照试验（RCT）、病例系列研究的方法学及报告质量。方法 检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普数据库（VIP）和万方数据库（Wanfang database），从建库截至2018年12月开始检索，收集应用舌象仪观察临床疾病的RCT、病例系列研究和病例对照研究，分别参考Cochrane手册5.1.0版的偏倚风险评估工具和CONSORT 2010版的声明，对纳入的RCT研究进行方法学和报告质量进行评价；根据NICE和STROBE声明第四版进行方法学的报告质量评价研究。结果 初检出相关文献567篇，最终纳入59篇文献，包括2个RCT，57个病例系列研究。50%的RCT应用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评价后显示采用的随机分配方法比较合理，没有采用分配隐藏和盲法；均采用了意向性分析，遗憾的是并没有报告失访的情况；研究也缺乏选择性报告。NICE病例系列研究质量评价结果 病例系列研究中仅14.04%符合多中心研究；59.64%的研究纳入排除标准均不明确；数据未达到预期设定目标，未进行分层分析结局。CONSORT声明2010版评价结果显示：纳入的文献均不能从题目辨别出是否是随机临床试验，多项条目报告率为0；应用STROBE声明评价后结果显示：纳入的病例系列研究均未在题目中明确标明是病例系列研究，多项条目报告率为0。结论 舌象仪临床应用的RCT和病例系列研究报告质量不高，建议在设计和报告临床病例对照和随机对照试验时分别参考CONSORT声明、STROBE声明，纠正目前研究存在的方法学问题，进一步提高临床研究质量，增强舌象仪临床应用于疾病效用证据的强度，推进中医的客观化和现代化。     

基于协同创新理念下的基础医学实验教学中心建设研究

随着国内高等医学教育管理体制改革的日益深化和素质教育的全面推进，医学院校的教学实验室建设从以往单一学科设置、传统的基础医学教学实验室逐步演变为按功能分类、按学科群布局的基础医学实验教学中心。在陆军军医大学基础医学实验教学中心建设过程中，从构建“大中心”、创建实验教学课程新体系、探索创新实践教育新模式、创建优秀实验教师队伍等方面进行了实践探索，相关工作为今后实验教学中心的建设提供了实践参考。     

黄芩苷对肝星状细胞iNOS/PUMA信号通路的影响

目的研究黄芩苷通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡的作用。方法MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率,Western Blot检测iNOS、PUMA蛋白表达,real-time PCR检测PUMA mRNA表达,一氧化氮检测试剂盒检测NO含量,iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后检测细胞增殖抑制率和PUMA表达,Hoechst 33342核染色检测细胞凋亡。结果50 mM黄芩苷引起肝星状细胞活化诱导性死亡;黄芩苷促进肝星状细胞PUMA mRNA、蛋白表达;iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后PUMA表达降低、细胞凋亡减少。结论黄芩苷能通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡。