Dental anxiety in relation to torture experiences and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder

Torture victims often show symptoms of dental anxiety when receiving dental care, but little systematic research is available. The purpose of this study was to explore torture experiences, symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and dental anxiety in refugees in Norway and to test the hypothesis that refugees with torture experiences are more prone to dental anxiety than refugees with no such experiences. A total of 173 refugees were interviewed shortly after an oral examination. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire‐PTSS16 were administered verbally through attending interpreters. Among torture victims (47%, n = 81), the prevalence of torture experiences involving mouth or teeth was 35% and 23%, respectively. Harvard Trauma Questionnaire mean sum scores were statistically significantly higher in torture victims (34.3 vs. 24.8). Torture survivors report a larger number of symptoms of PTSD, and dental anxiety shows a higher prevalence in refugees reporting PTSD symptoms than in refugees who do not report such symptoms. When analysed using logistic regression models, the data showed the odds of high levels of dental anxiety being 6.1 times higher in refugees with torture experiences compared with other refugees and 9.3 times higher in torture victims with PTSD symptoms. Oral health professionals should be aware of these associations when providing dental care to refugees. The hypothesis that tortured refugees are more prone to dental anxiety is supported.     

黄芪多糖对毒胡萝卜素诱导人结肠癌系HT29细胞内质网应激的影响

目的探讨黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides,AP)对毒胡萝卜素内酯(Thapsigargin,Tg)诱导人结肠癌系HT29细胞发生内质网应激(Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress,ERS)时内质网结构变化及相关分子GRP78和CHOP的影响。方法常规培养HT29细胞后,将细胞分为4组:①空白细胞组(Control组):细胞不做任何药物处理;②细胞模型组(Model组):采用1μmol/L Tg诱导HT29细胞建立ERS模型;③黄芪多糖低浓度组(AP-L组);④黄芪多糖高浓度组(AP-H组)。CCK8法检测黄芪多糖对HT29细胞活性,透射电镜观察内质网结构变化,Real-time PCR法检测ERS时GRP78、CHOP mRNA表达情况。结果黄芪多糖浓度分别为1、10μg/mL,且分别作用HT29细胞12、24、36、48 h时,细胞存活率随着浓度的增加而增加,说明对细胞无明显毒副作用。透射电镜观察Control组内质网结构呈网膜状结构,网膜腔不扩张;Model组内质网形态迥异,大小不一,呈空泡状改变,部分可见融合成簇现象;AP-L组内质网网膜腔扩张程度减轻,空泡体积减小和数量减少;AP-H组内质网形态基本恢复正常,呈网膜状结构,可见数量较少,形态较小的空泡状结构。Real-time PCR法检测结果:与Control组相比,Model组HT29细胞GRP78、CHOP mRNA表达明显增加(P<0.05);与Model组比较,AP-L组和AP-H组HT29细胞GRP78、CHOP mRNA表达均减少(P<0.05);与AP-L组比较,AP-H组HT29细胞GRP78、CHOP mRNA表达减少(P<0.05)。结论黄芪多糖能够抑制Tg诱导HT29细胞发生ERS,其机制可能与降低GRP78和CHOP的表达、减轻内质网应激有关。     

运用信息化管理机制改善急诊抢救室病人滞留情况

目的：运用信息化管理机制,保证急诊危重病人生命体征稳定后能及时转出,缩短患者在抢救室滞留时间,增加急诊科效益。方法：通过对我院急诊科抢救室进行现场调研,从多维度观测急诊抢救室滞留情况,分析滞留对急诊科损益的影响。结果：夜间就诊滞留时间长,夜间转住院通道不畅。科室病房未预留充足急诊床位导致急诊抢救室病人滞留时间过长。结论：通过建立急诊重症病人转科信息化管理机制,缩短急诊抢救室病人滞留时间,打破病区专科划分的现状,增加了床位使用的灵活度,有益于急诊科增加管理和经济效益。     

仡佬族0～1岁婴儿生长发育状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析贵州省数个仡佬族村寨0～1岁新生儿的生长发育水平及影响因素,为仡佬族婴儿健康生长提供科学参考。方法 选取贵州省务川县7个乡镇的少数民族村寨进行调查,对2012年11月1日-2013年11月1日出生的306名仡佬族婴儿及其产妇进行为期1年的体格检查和随访,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。结果 务川县产后24 h内的母乳喂养率为92.4%,到6月龄时下降为27.5%;仡佬族男婴体重、身长指标均值高于女婴,而6月龄起男婴头围均值低于女婴(P＜0.05);3月龄后婴儿体重、身长值均低于WHO标准(P＜0.05),产妇的妇幼保健知识平均得分为(4.10±1.36)分;各月龄组男女婴儿中重度低体重和生长迟缓的发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中3～8月龄男婴中重度生长迟缓的发生率高于女婴,而男女婴儿中重度低头围和胸围的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析,发现婴儿的生长发育状况受其性别、家庭年收入、父亲教育程度、母亲妇幼知识得分及辅食添加的影响(P＜0.05)。结论 仡佬族婴儿生长发育状况与WHO标准存在一定差异,应及时提出相应的干预意见,改善该群体的生长发育状况。     

生命早期肠道菌群失调与后期过敏性疾病发病风险的研究

目的 探索生命早期肠道菌群失调是否增加后期过敏性疾病的发病风险。方法 建立生命早期肠道菌群失调小鼠模型后对其多次重复腹腔注射过敏原OVA(ovalbumin,卵清蛋白),观察其特异性免疫学指标血清IgE水平的变化。结果 OVA干预前,3组小鼠血清IgE水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第29天、第36天和第43天时,抗生素高剂量组血清IgE水平均显著高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);到第43天时,抗生素低剂量组血清IgE水平也显著高于对照(P<0.05)。结论 多次腹腔注射OVA致敏可使生命早期肠道菌群失调小鼠血清IgE水平显著升高,且生命早期抗生素致菌群失调引起的菌群结构的变化可能持续至生命后期,对后期机体免疫功能的发育产生持久的影响。提示生命早期肠道菌群失调可能是导致过敏性疾病发病风险增加的危险因素。     

眼科住院患者临床安全护理现存问题及优化探讨

有效的安全护理工作可使眼科住院患者的治疗及康复得到保障,该文通过研究相关文献资料并结合临床实际调查,总结分析了眼科住院患者安全护理及存在的问题,并提出了安全护理的优化措施,最后对眼科住院患者临床安全护理措施及其优化效果进行讨论.     

膜引导骨再生技术在即刻牙种植中的临床研究

目的：评价膜引导骨再生（GBR）技术在即刻牙牙种植术中的临床效果。方法：132例即刻植入BLB、Branemark、ITI及Frinlit-2四种种植系统共193个，对其进行定期临床和放射学检查。结果：193例即刻种植体中124个行GBR技术，经12个月以上观察，失败4个。结论：只要种植体取得初期稳定性，对种植体与拔牙窝间存在的间隙，采用膜引导再生技术处理，即刻种植可以取得良好的临床效果。即刻植入种植体同时常常需要使用GBR技术。采用即刻植入技术同时使用GBR技术的病例，其临床效果令人满意。GBR技术用于即刻种植所产生的临床效果良好。     

Abrasivity of toothpastes. An in vitro study of toothpastes marketed in Norway

The purpose of this study was to measure the abrasivity of 23 toothpastes available on the Norwegian market. Additionally, the pH was registered. The testing was based on The British Standards Institution's specification for toothpastes, using a profilometer technique to evaluate the abrasion. The results showed that the abrasivity ranged from 0.049 to 1.367 relative to a standard reference paste. The products were classified as having 'none/slight', 'medium', or 'high' abrasivity. The pH varied between 3.7 and 10.1. Products with low pH showed evidence of a combined erosive/abrasive effect. For some brands there were statistically significant differences between the fluoride and the nonfluoride version.