Role of surgical treatments in high-grade or advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Over the last 40 years, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have continued to increase. Compared to other epithelial neoplasms in the same organ, GEP-NENs exhibit indolent biological behavior, resulting in more chances to undergo surgery. However, the role of surgery in high-grade or advanced GEP-NENs is still controversial. Surgery is associated with survival improvement of well-differentiated high-grade GEP-NENs, whereas poorly differentiated GEP-NENs that may benefit from resection require careful selection based on Ki67 and other tissue biomarkers. Additionally, surgery also plays an important role in locally advanced and metastatic disease. For locally advanced GEP-NENs, isolated major vascular involvement is no longer an absolute contraindication. In the setting of metastatic GEP-NENs, radical intended surgery is recommended for patients with low-grade and resectable metastases. For unresectable metastatic disease, a variety of surgical approaches, including cytoreduction of liver metastasis, liver transplantation, and surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, show survival benefits. Primary tumor resection in GEP-NENs with unresectable metastatic disease is associated with symptom control, prolonged survival, and improved sensitivity toward systemic therapies. Although there is no established neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategy, increasing attention has been given to this emerging research area. Some studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduces tumor burden, improves the effectiveness of subsequent surgery, and decreases surgical complications.     

幽门螺杆菌感染相关因素的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌（HP）是革兰阴性微需氧的螺旋样杆菌，主要通过口-口途径在人-人之间感染传播。HP的发现加深了人类对慢性感染、炎症和癌症之间关系的认识。其特定的螺旋形体型、鞭毛及动力、尿素酶和黏附素活性，以及细胞毒素基因A（cagA）、空泡细胞毒素基因A（vacA）等是影响HP感染研究较多的相关致病因素。HP感染在胃癌的发生、发展中可能具有重要作用，但尚未确切证实HP感染是导致胃癌的主因。文章概述了HP感染相关致病因素的研究进展。     

RNA结合蛋白QKI-5对肾癌细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的:探讨RNA结合蛋白QKI-5在肾癌中的生物学功能。方法:应用以慢病毒为载体的过表达技术观察过表达QKI-5对肾癌细胞增殖作用的影响及对细胞周期的影响。结果:过表达QKI-5能够抑制肾癌细胞株786-O和A-498细胞的增殖能力、克隆形成能力；流式细胞术结果显示:过表达QKI-5使786-O和A-498细胞产生G1期阻滞，而这种阻滞与周期相关蛋白Cyclin D1表达降低及p21、p27表达增高有关。结论:QKI-5在肾癌中发挥着抑癌基因的功能，可以抑制肾癌细胞增殖，并使细胞周期阻滞在G1期。     

体部伽马刀治疗各类转移瘤临床进展

随着人类平均寿命延长,癌症对人类的威胁日益突出,已经成为我国城乡居民的第1位死因。随着病情进展,很多患者除了原发恶性肿瘤外,多数会有其他部位的转移瘤出现,因此选择有效的治疗方法至关重要。体部伽马刀治疗是一种精确的立体定向放疗方法,能够给予肿瘤较高剂量,并较好的保护周围正常组织。大量临床治疗结果显示体部伽马刀治疗肺转移瘤、肝转移瘤和肾上腺转移瘤可获得较高的局控率。本文就体部伽马刀治疗各类转移瘤进行综述。     

Meeting 24-h Movement Guidelines is Related to Better Academic Achievement: Findings from the YRBS 2019 Cycle

This research is designed to investigate the relationship between the 24-h movement guidelines (24-HMG) and self-reported academic achievement (AA) using nationally representative data derived from the 2019 U.S. National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey. A multiple-stage cluster sampling procedure has been adopted to ensure a representative sample (N = 9127 adolescents; mean age = 15.7 years old; male% = 49.8%). Logistic regression has been adopted to obtain the odds ratio (OR) regarding the associations between adherence to 24-HMG and AA while controlling for ethnicity, body mass index, sex and age. The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in isolation and combination varied greatly (physical activity = 23.3%, screen time = 32.5%, sleep = 22.3%, and 24-HMG = 2.8%), while the percentage of highest-class AA was 42.5%. Compared with the situation when none of 24-HMG is met, the achievement of any of the combined guidelines (except for meeting the physical activity guidelines) was significantly associated with higher odds of achieving first-class AA. Meeting the sleep guideline had 1.42 times increased likelihood to achieve highest-class AA as compared with not meeting the sleep guideline. Meeting screen time guidelines and physical activity guidelines, respectively, were 1.32 and 1.13 times more likely to report first-class AA; but meeting the guidelines of physical activity was not significantly related to AA. Meeting the 24-HMG had the highest odds of achieving first-class AA (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.47– 2.73). In both sexes, adolescents who met 24-HMG self-reported better AA (boys OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.34–3.15; girls OR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.36–3.76). Significant relationships were observed in adolescents from 9–10th grade, but not higher grades. Our research findings suggest that optimal movement behaviours can be seen as an important This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: 10.32604/IJMHP.2021.017660 ARTICLE Tech Science Press Published Online: 26 October 2021 element to better academic achievement among U.S. adolescents. Future studies can adopt our discoveries to promote adolescents’ academic achievement through implementing optimal 24-h movement behaviour patterns.