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脓毒症常合并不同程度的凝血功能障碍。组织因子介导的促凝机制增强,生理抗凝机制下调以及纤溶系统功能抑制是脓毒症凝血功能障碍发生的主要机制。针对凝血系统功能障碍的不同机制给予针对性的药物治疗,对改善脓毒症病人的预后可能有益。     

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1病历简介病人女性,28岁。以黑便、呕血19h为主诉于2012-05-20入院。5月19日10时如厕时排黑便,量约100mL。5月20日3时再次排黑便量约800mL并出现晕厥,家属唤醒后入中国医科大学附属第一医院急诊室。在急诊室呕血4次,呈鲜红色并混有血块,每次量约500mL,收缩压最低20～30mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),伴有意识不     

脓毒症与免疫营养治疗

脓毒症病人常因能量需求增加及某些特殊营养素缺乏,从而导致器官功能障碍。营养支持对脓毒症病人非常重要。某些特殊营养素包括谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、ω-3脂肪酸、核苷酸、维生素及微量元素除了能够发挥营养支持的作用之外,还能够发挥免疫调节作用以改善机体防御能力并促进恢复。谷氨酰胺能够抑制促炎因子反应并维持肠道黏膜屏障及细胞防御功能。精氨酸通过一氧化氮依赖性及非依赖性途径发挥代谢性、免疫调节性及血流动力学作用。ω-3脂肪酸能够减轻炎性反应。维生素和微量元素能够发挥抗氧化作用。但是,脓毒症病人免疫营养治疗仍存在理论与实践上的差异,目前并不能常规应用于脓毒症病人的治疗。临床医生应根据脓毒症病人的具体情况及相关影响因素仔细选择营养制剂的成分,合理应用免疫营养治疗。     

早期肝素治疗对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织微血栓形成的影响

目的 观察和评价早期肝素治疗对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠胰腺组织微血栓形成的影响和疗效.方法 SD大鼠随机分为SAP组、肝素组和假手术组.12 h检测血清淀粉酶、血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6);采集胰腺行普通病理检查并计数微血栓.结果 SAP诱发后12 h,SAP组大鼠的存活率显著低于肝素组和假手术组(P<0.05);胰腺组织病理学观察显示,肝素组微血栓数、病理评分显著少于SAP组(P<0.05);血清淀粉酶、D-dimer、TNF-α以及IL-6检测结果也显示肝素组较SAP组显著改善(P<0.05).结论 早期肝素治疗能减轻胰腺病理损害,减少胰腺组织微血栓数量,降低全身炎性反应,提高SAP大鼠的生存率.     

小剂量肝素治疗脓毒症的临床分析

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of low-dose heparin on sepsis. Methods Seventy-nine sepsis patients were randomly divided into tow groups: beparin treatment group (n=37) and routine treatment group(n =42). The 7-day and 28-day mortality, the days in ICU and the length of stay, the changes of oxygenation index, the days of mechanical ventilation and the rates of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute renal failure (ARF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) were observed. The levels of APTT, PT and platelet (PLT) count were determined before and after treatment in two groups. Results The rates of DIC, ARF and MODS in beparin group decreased significantly after therapy: rate of BIC, 15.4% vs 38. 7% (P=0.03) ; rate of ARF, 25.0% vs51.9% (P=0.04); rate of MODS, 26.3% vs50.0% (P=0.04). In heparin group, the 28-day mortality was statistically reduced (15.4% vs 32.4%, P = 0. 03). The differences between beparin group and routine group were not statistically significant in the 7-day mortality (7. 7% vs 12. 9% ,P =0. 08) ,the days in ICU(Z =0. 281 ,P =0. 779,rank sum test) ,the length of stay (Z = 0. 562, P = 0. 574, rank sum test), the oxygenation index (P = 0. 82), the days of mechanical ventilation [(126.07±166.21)h vs (179.27±221.7)h,P=0.28] and the rate of ARDS (44.0% vs 46.2% ,P= 0. 88). The differences in APTT, PT and PLT were not significant between the two groups. Conclusion Low-dose beparin can decrease the mortality rate of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients. It is a safe promising therapy in sepsis patients without severe side effects.     

多黏菌素吸附在脓毒症中的应用

严重感染和感染性休克是威胁危重病人生命的严重问题之一,临床有较高的发病率和病死率.有研究报道,美国每年发生严重感染和感染性休克的病人高达75万例.     

结直肠癌患者血小板与淋巴细胞比值对预后影响Meta分析

目的 炎症反应在肿瘤的发生、发展中起到重要作用.血小板-淋巴细胞比值(platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR)作为反映机体系统性炎症的重要指标之一,是否可以预测结直肠癌患者预后尚有争议.本研究拟通过系统评价分析结直肠癌血中PLR与预后的关系,探讨PLR作为结直肠癌患者不良预后指标的可行性.方法 使用计算机电子系统检索PubMed和Embase数据库至2015-05.纳入评价PLR与结直肠癌预后相关的队列或病例对照研究.使用风险比(hazard risk,HR)及95％可信区间(95％confidence interval,95％ CI)作为研究的效应量,并进行发表偏倚、亚组分析和敏感性分析.应用Stata 12.0统计软件对资料进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入13篇文献,包含4 190例患者.Meta分析结果显示,结直肠癌患者血中PLR高水平预示着不良的总生存率(overall survival,OS)(HR=1.394,95％CI为1.184～1.640,I2=38.2％)、无病生存率(disease-free survival,DFS)(HR=1.246,95％CI为1.090～1.425,I2=38.8％)和肿瘤无复发生存率(relapse-free survival,RFS)(HR=1.366,95％CI为1.081～1.727,I2=16.3％).Begg's和Egger's检验均提示,研究间存在的发表偏倚差异无统计学意义;亚组分析显示,即使在亚洲组中PLR与OS、DFS未达到统计学意义,但仍具有很强的相关性,其他亚组结果均体现了结果的稳定性.结论 结直肠癌患者血中PLR高水平提示患者具有更差的OS、DFS和RFS.PLR可作为结直肠癌患者不良预后的重要指标.     

机械通气病人下呼吸道感染的病原学探讨

机械通气作为一种重要的治疗手段在临床广泛应用 ,但机械通气病人院内获得性肺炎发生率高[1] ,增加了治疗的难度。预防和减少机械通气病人肺炎的发生 ,了解致病菌的分布 ,指导治疗是应引起足够重视的问题。本文对我院近 3年呼吸内科ＩＣＵ机械通气病人发生下呼吸道感染的病原学及相关因素进行了初步分析 ,结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　一般资料本院呼吸重症监护室 (ＲＩＣＵ )机械通气病人 61例。男2 7例 ,女 3 4例 ,年龄 2 5 79岁 ,平均年龄 5 9.2岁。其中慢性阻塞性肺疾病 3 3例 ,支气管哮喘 13例 ,急性呼吸窘迫综合征 3例 ,其他 12例…     

小剂量肝素治疗脓毒症的临床分析

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of low-dose heparin on sepsis. Methods Seventy-nine sepsis patients were randomly divided into tow groups: beparin treatment group (n=37) and routine treatment group(n =42). The 7-day and 28-day mortality, the days in ICU and the length of stay, the changes of oxygenation index, the days of mechanical ventilation and the rates of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute renal failure (ARF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) were observed. The levels of APTT, PT and platelet (PLT) count were determined before and after treatment in two groups. Results The rates of DIC, ARF and MODS in beparin group decreased significantly after therapy: rate of BIC, 15.4% vs 38. 7% (P=0.03) ; rate of ARF, 25.0% vs51.9% (P=0.04); rate of MODS, 26.3% vs50.0% (P=0.04). In heparin group, the 28-day mortality was statistically reduced (15.4% vs 32.4%, P = 0. 03). The differences between beparin group and routine group were not statistically significant in the 7-day mortality (7. 7% vs 12. 9% ,P =0. 08) ,the days in ICU(Z =0. 281 ,P =0. 779,rank sum test) ,the length of stay (Z = 0. 562, P = 0. 574, rank sum test), the oxygenation index (P = 0. 82), the days of mechanical ventilation [(126.07±166.21)h vs (179.27±221.7)h,P=0.28] and the rate of ARDS (44.0% vs 46.2% ,P= 0. 88). The differences in APTT, PT and PLT were not significant between the two groups. Conclusion Low-dose beparin can decrease the mortality rate of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients. It is a safe promising therapy in sepsis patients without severe side effects.     

脓毒症患者早期应用血必净注射液治疗的临床研究

目的 观察早期应用血必净注射液治疗脓毒症患者的疗效.方法 筛选本院2007年6月1日至2008年3月31日收治的脓毒症成年患者32例,按随机数字表法分为试验组(16例)和对照组(16例).两组均参照2004年美国重症医学会制定的脓毒症治疗指南进行常规治疗;试验组早期加用血必净注射液100 ml静脉滴注,每日2次,5 d为1个疗程.患者入重症监护病房(ICU)后每日观察凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血小板计数(PLT)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、机械通气时间、住ICU时间以及入ICU 24 h后多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发生率、ICU治愈率和28 d生存率.结果 试验组治疗后,PT、APTT均较治疗前及对照组明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),两组间PLT变化则无明显差异;试验组机械通气时间及住ICU时间均明显短于对照组[(83.28±68.87) h比(249.21±269.86) h,(3.58±1.16) d比(14.54±3.63) d,均P<0.05];且MODS发生率明显低于对照组(31.25%比37.50%,P<0.01).试验组与对照组患者ICU治愈率(87.50%比68.75%)、28 d生存率(81.25%比68.75%)比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 早期应用血必净注射液治疗可改善脓毒症患者的凝血指标,降低患者MODS发生率及缩短机械通气时间、ICU住院时间;而对ICU治愈率和28 d生存率的改善作用无统计学意义.