The nervous system adverse effect induced by β-lactam antibiotics in patients on hemodialysis

Objective To discuss the reasonable utilization of β-lactam antibiotics in patients with renal failure on hemedialysis. Methods The clinical characteristics of patients with renal failure on hemodylysis,who de-veloped the adverse effect of nervous system and psychiatric symptom while being treated with β-lactam antibiotics,were retrospectively analyzed. Results The adverse effect of nervous system and psychiatric symptom showed dur-ing and after hemodialysis,including: mental confusion,hyperexcitabiliy,incoherent speech,lethargy and amyestasia in two cases. Physical examination did not show signs of cerebral focal injury in all cases. Computed tomography of brain in 7 patients did not show acute lesions. The symptoms completely disappeared after withdrawal of β-lactam antibiotics but bemodialysis or hemodiafiltration continued. Conclusion β-lactam antibiotics used in conventional dose could cause temporary adverse effect of nervous system in patients with renal failure on bemodialysis,which is related to prolongation of drug half life.     

左心房内径联合心脏节律预测非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的价值

目的:评估临床及心脏超声指标预测非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成的价值。方法:非瓣膜性心房颤动患者688例,以经食管超声心动图检查结果分为左心耳血栓组(38例)和无血栓组(650例)。对两组患者临床特征及经胸超声心动图检查结果进行统计分析,筛选血栓形成的影响因素并评价其预测效力。结果:与无血栓组比较,血栓组患者检查时窦性心律比例和LVEF更低,合并心力衰竭比例、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、三尖瓣反流、IVST、LVPWT、LAD、RADz和RADl均更高。Logistic回归分析显示LAD和心脏节律是血栓形成的独立影响因素。ROC曲线以LAD 43.55 mm为截值预测血栓形成的敏感度为92.1%,特异性为59.7%,曲线下面积0.805(P0.001,95%CI 0.751～0.859)。LAD联合心脏节律预测的曲线下面积达0.810(P0.001,95%CI 0.749～0.870)。结论:LAD是非瓣膜性心房颤动患者左心耳血栓形成强有力的影响因素,LAD联合心脏节律可提高预测左心耳血栓形成的效力。     

体育锻炼对正常男性心率变异性的影响

目的:探讨长期体育锻炼对男性自主神经功能的影响。方法:对长期锻炼组60例与非锻炼组60例测定时域心率变异性并进行对照分析。结果:锻炼组与对照组比较SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50指标均有显著提高(P< 0．05)。结论:(男性)长期坚持体育锻炼能提高心率变异性。     

尿毒症患者心脏结构功能及相关危险因素分析

目的了解慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者心脏结构、功能变化特征,并探讨高血压、贫血、血清白蛋白、血脂与心脏结构功能改变之间的关系。方法回顾性分析新缰医科大学第一医院2003年1月～12月103例未进入血液透析或刚开始进入血液透析的尿毒症患者,其多普勒超声心动图结果及其同期血压、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血脂,了解其规律及之间的关系。结果①103例患者超声UCG结构显示,有75.7%出现LVH,其中向心性肥厚占41.7%,离心性肥厚占34.0%;17.5%已出现向心性重构:只有6.8%结构完全正常;②19.4%左心室收缩功能障碍;③血红蛋白、收缩压、血清白蛋白、LDL在有LVH和无LVH组存在明显差异,而年龄、高血压时间、舒张压、TG、TCH和HDL之间无显著性差异。血红蛋白与左室心肌质量指数(LVMl)呈负相关,低密度脂蛋白与LVMI呈负相关,而血压、年龄、血清白蛋白、与LVMI无显著的相关性。结论CRF患者未进入透析前心血管疾病的发生率已经很高,主要表现为LVH,且以向心性肥厚为主。心脏结构功能变化可能与高血压、贫血、营养不良等因素有关。     

三种无创检查对冠心病的诊断价值

目的 探讨平板运动试验(TET)、动态心电图(Holter)和超声心动图(UCG)检查对冠心病的诊断价值.方法 189例因胸闷、心前区疼痛拟诊冠心病患者,行TET、Holter、UCG检查,并以冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查结果为金标准评价三项无创检查的诊断价值.结果 CAG榆查确诊冠心病108例,TET、Holter和UCG诊断冠心病的敏感性分别为70.4%、57.4%和44.4%,特异性分别为69.1%、60.5%和81.5%;联合两种检查诊断冠心病的敏感性依次为TET+Holter 89.8%、TET+UCG 73.3%和Holter+UCG 71.1%,特异性依次为TET+Hoher 75.8%、TET+UCG 73%和Holter+UCG 69.2%.结论 三种无创检查中,TET诊断冠心病的敏感性最高,UCG特异性最高但敏感性差;联合任何两种无创检查方法均可提高诊断冠心病的符合率.     

The nervous system adverse effect induced by β-lactam antibiotics in patients on hemodialysis

Objective To discuss the reasonable utilization of β-lactam antibiotics in patients with renal failure on hemedialysis. Methods The clinical characteristics of patients with renal failure on hemodylysis,who de-veloped the adverse effect of nervous system and psychiatric symptom while being treated with β-lactam antibiotics,were retrospectively analyzed. Results The adverse effect of nervous system and psychiatric symptom showed dur-ing and after hemodialysis,including: mental confusion,hyperexcitabiliy,incoherent speech,lethargy and amyestasia in two cases. Physical examination did not show signs of cerebral focal injury in all cases. Computed tomography of brain in 7 patients did not show acute lesions. The symptoms completely disappeared after withdrawal of β-lactam antibiotics but bemodialysis or hemodiafiltration continued. Conclusion β-lactam antibiotics used in conventional dose could cause temporary adverse effect of nervous system in patients with renal failure on bemodialysis,which is related to prolongation of drug half life.     

静息心率增高对原发高血压患者的预测价值及与血压昼夜节律改变的相关性

目的：探讨静息心率增高对原发高血压患者的预测价值,以及其与血压昼夜节律的改变有无相关性。方法：选取在门诊健康体检中首次查出血压增高者138例,另选择同期门诊健康体检血压正常者120例作对比。按静息心率（resting heart rate,RHR）水平将两组对象再分为3组,即甲组为RHR〈70次·min-1,乙组为70次·min-1≤RHR〈80次·min-1,丙组为RHR≥80次·min-1。对门诊初次查出血压增高的138例患者,继续跟踪检查24 h动态血压（ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM）,根据ABPM结果分为杓型组、非杓型组、反杓型组。结果：（1）初筛血压增高组RHR为（78.24±9.13）次·min-1,较正常对照组RHR的（70.56±10.05）次·min-1显著增高,而且RHR≥80次·min-1的患者在初筛血压增高组所占比例显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。（2）动态血压结果：初筛血压增高组除12例患者总平均血压在正常范围内外,其余患者平均血压均增高;随着静息心率的增加,24 h动态血压昼夜节律正常的比例越来越低,即血压曲线呈杓型的比例在减少,非杓型和反杓型的比例在增加。结论：静息心率增高可作为预测高血压发病的一个独立因子,且与血压昼夜节律的改变密切相关。     

平板运动试验结合动态心电图对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：以冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果作为标准,探讨平板运动试验（TET）结合24h动态心电图（DCG）对冠心病（CHD）的诊断价值。方法：对236例患者行CAG,且同时行TET及DCG检查,分析TET及DCG两种检查方法各自对CHD的诊断价值,以及两者联合时对CHD的诊断价值。结果：TET诊断cHD的敏感性79．11％,特异性69．23％;DCG诊断CHD的敏感性67．72％,特异性80．77％;两者联合行并联试验时敏感性96．83％,特异性53．84％,阳性预测值80．95％,阴性预测值89．36％,敏感性、阴性预测值较单独TET、DCG试验有显著提高（P〈0.05）;两者联合行串联试验时敏感性50．00％,特异性96．15％,阳性预测值96．34％,阴性预测值48．70％,特异性、阳性预测值较单独TET、DCG试验有显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论：单独行TET或DCG对冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性相对较低,两者联合诊断可明显提高上述两项指标。     

小儿小肠巨大憩室1例

患儿男,3岁.脐周及右下腹疼痛1d,为持续性隐痛.查体:右下腹压痛伴反跳痛、肌紧张.辅助检查,腹部B超:下腹见约7.1 cm×4.5 cm的囊性回声,其内见点状及片絮状稍强回声沉积,改变体位可见其移动,该异常回声似与肠管相通;CDFI:其内未见血流信号,周边壁内可见点状血流信号.诊断:下腹囊性占位(肠道重复畸形?其他?)(图1).血液分析:白细胞24.64×109/L,中性粒细胞87.1％.全腹CT平扫:中下腹膀胱上方见一最大径约7.1 cm的囊性占位灶,壁均匀,较薄,大部分呈液性密度,并可见少许含气及斑点状高密度影,其前上份与肠道似有相通.诊断:中下腹膀胱上方囊性占位,肠道巨大憩室可能(图2～5).拟行“腹腔镜探查十中转开腹十小肠肿物切除活检十肠粘连松解术十腹腔引流术”.     

影响高颅压型脑囊虫病颅内压因素分析

近５年来,我们共治疗高颅压型脑囊虫病患者９６例,治疗期间观察颅内压增高反应发生情况,分析了影响颅内压力的因素,结果如下。临床资料９６例均符合有关文献提出的脑囊虫病诊断标准［１］。其中男６１例,女３５例,平均年龄３５±１岁。有绦虫病史者２６例,有明确食...