Four limonoids from the seeds extract of Sandoricum koetjape

Journal of Natural Medicines - Three andirobin- and one trijugin-class limonoids, named koetjapins A-D (1–4), have been isolated from the seed extracts of Sandoricum koetjape. The structures...     

石家庄市老年人遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍患病率及危险因素抽样研究

目的 探讨部分石家庄市老年人的遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍（aMCI）的患病率及危险因素。方法 采取方便抽样的方法，对石家庄市3所社区卫生服务中心和1家老年养护院的1614例60岁以上老人进行调查。采用简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、听觉词语学习测验量表（AVLT）、数字广度测验量表（DST)、波士顿命名测验量表（BNT）、连线测验量表（TMT）、画钟试验、动物流畅性试验以及日常生活能力量表（ADL）对受试者的整体认知功能，记忆、语言、注意、视觉空间、执行功能等认知领域以及日常活动能力进行评估。计算aMCI的患病率，采用Logistic回归分析aMCI患病的相关危险因素。结果 抽样部分石家庄市老年人aMCI患病率是16.11%，而且不同年龄、性别、职业、教育程度以及婚姻状况的老年人其aMCI患病率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。年龄、性别、婚姻状况和教育程度是aMCI的影响因素。结论 高龄、女性、无配偶者以及文化程度低的老年人是aMCI患病的高危人群，应该重点对以上人群做好早期干预。     

Identification of nafamostat mesylate as a selective stimulator of NK cell IFN-γ production via metabolism-related compound library screening

Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in controlling virus-infected and malignant cells. The identification of new molecules that can activate NK cells may effectively improve the antiviral and antitumour activities of these cells. In this study, by using a commercially available metabolism-related compound library, we initially screened the capacity of compounds to activate NK cells by determining the ratio of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)⁺ NK cells by flow cytometry after the incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IL-12 or IL-15 for 18 h. Our data showed that eight compounds (nafamostat mesylate (NM), loganin, fluvastatin sodium, atorvastatin calcium, lovastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin calcium, and pitavastatin calcium) and three compounds (NM, elesclomol, and simvastatin) increased the proportions of NK cells and CD3⁺ T cells that expressed IFN-γ among PBMCs cultured with IL-12 and IL-15, respectively. When incubated with enriched NK cells (purity?≥?80.0%), only NM enhanced NK cell IFN-γ production in the presence of IL-12 or IL-15. When incubated with purified NK cells (purity?≥?99.0%), NM promoted NK cell IFN-γ secretion in the presence or absence of IL-18. However, NM showed no effect on NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, our study identifies NM as a selective stimulator of IFN-γ production by NK cells, providing a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of infection or cancer in select populations.

     

联合干预离子通道提高PVDF膜富集胎儿有核红细胞的效率

目的通过干预细胞膜阴离子通道(AE)和Na+/K+/2Cl-离子共转运体(NKCC),提高聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜富集脐血有核红细胞(NRBC)的效率。方法以密度为1.067的分离液分离NRBC,用AE抑制剂维拉帕米(verapamil)和NKCC抑制剂呋噻米(furosemide)联合干预,用流式细胞技术和巢式PCR观察干预前后离心法和过5μm孔径PVDF膜法富集NRBC的效率。结果最佳离心分离密度梯度为1.067。流式细胞仪检测离心分离的NRBC平均纯度为2.54%,干预后离心分离NRBC纯度为9.36%,NRBC富集率提升近3.7倍;过PVDF膜前NRBC为0.83%,过膜后NRBC为6.15%,干预后过膜将NRBC富集率提升了7.4倍。用巢式PCR检测,每ml血样中NRBC为120个时,干预后过膜的扩增条带的密度值由4.48升高至17.78,提升近4倍。结论维拉帕米和呋噻米能够通过改变脐血细胞性状,提高NRBC通过PVDF膜的效率。     

Age-related changes of the functional architecture of the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry during motor task execution

Normal human aging is associated with declining motor control and function. It is thought that dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry may contribute to age-related sensorimotor impairment, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of age-related changes in the functional architecture of these circuits. Fifty-nine subjects, consisting of a young, middle and old group, were studied using functional MRI and a motor activation paradigm. Functional connectivity analyses and examination of correlations of connectivity strength with performance on the activation task as well as neurocognitive tasks completed outside of magnet were conducted. Results indicated that increasing age is associated with changes in the functional architecture of the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. Connectivity strength increased between subcortical nuclei and cortical motor and sensory regions but no changes were found between subcortical components of the circuitry. Further, increased connectivity was correlated with poorer performance on a neurocognitive task independently of age. This result suggests that increased connectivity reflects a decline in brain function rather than a compensatory process. These findings advance our understanding of the normal aging process. Further, the methods employed will likely be useful for future studies aimed at disambiguating age-related versus illness progression changes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders that involve the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry.     

晚清湖南刻印医籍研究

晚清时期,湖南各地出版机构和个人雕版刻印了大量医学书籍,尤其以方药、疫病以及传统畅销类医书多见,也包括部分清代湖南医家的学术著作.医籍刻印不仅适应晚清湖南社会各阶层对医学文本的需求,也扩展了地方医家学术成就的传播和影响力.     

移相整流变压器漏磁场及电磁参数的工程算法

针对油浸式移相整流变压器具有轴向分裂与并联支路等的复杂绕组结构,首先,利用有限元场-路耦合方法建立了绕组三维漏磁场计算模型和相应的等效电路,并对非对称运行情况下的绕组三维漏磁场、各支路电流分布、短路阻抗等电磁特性参数进行了数值计算与验证分析,由此得到了移相整流变压器的电流分布规律;然后,在此基础上为移相整流变压器建立了有限元工程计算模型,并开发了对应的计算软件;最后,通过对多台典型产品绕组漏磁场及短路阻抗的计算结果与对应产品的实测值或三维计算结果的对比分析,表明绕组漏磁场分布正确、短路阻抗计算结果满足产品性能要求,因此,为移相整流变压器设计提供了方便、可靠的工程分析手段。