骨牵引锥钉的设计与临床应用

在螺丝钉胫骨结节骨牵引的基础上，设计了骨牵引锥钉，改变了传统骨牵引左右方向进针的模式。经８２例患者的临床应用，证明其方法简单易行，效果可靠，神经血管损伤及感染等并发症不易发生，是临床上较常用的胫骨结节牵引的理想用具，也可用于其它部位的骨牵引。     

靶向特异基因小干扰RNA预防乙醇性股骨头坏死的研究

目的 观察靶向PPARγ基因小干扰RNA(siRNA)预防灌胃法家兔乙醇性股骨头坏死的效果.方法 将96只家兔随机分为4组,每组24只.N组:灌胃法给予生理盐水10ml/(kg·d).M组:灌胃法给予烈性酒(含乙醇度46%,V/V)10 ml/(kg·d);S组:实验1、3、5个月第1天,随机选择侧别手术,穿刺注入股骨头内25 μl siRNA重组腺病毒,同M组灌酒;CO组:同S组手术,同M组灌酒,不注入siRNA重组腺病毒.于2、4、6个月末分批处死家兔,观察血清学和股骨头组织病理学变化.结果　实验6个月时,N、M、CO、S组血清甘油三酯含量分别为(1.21±0.12)、(4.59±1.58)、(4.63±1.17)、(4.32±1.20)mmol/L;总胆固醇含量分别为(2.35±0.33)、(19.59±1.58)、(20.13±1.17)、(18.32±1.20)mmol/L;脂肪细胞平均直径分别为(40.89±2.41)、(48.65±2.93)、(49.45±2.63)、(42.52±2.57)μm;骨小梁面积分数分别为(41.80±2.47)%、(30.70±2.86)%、(29.80±2.69)%、(41.60±2.87)%;空骨陷窝计数分别为(12.30±1.73)%、(22.40±1.52)%、(23.10±1.62)%、(11.70±1.46)%;PPARγ表达量分别为(0.29±0.05)、(0.66±0.12)、(0.61±0.15)、(0.33±0.05);骨钙素mRNA表达量分别为(0.92±0.07)、(0.19±0.11)、(0.23±0.08)、(0.88±0.11);PPARγ蛋白表达量分别为(0.75±0.08)、(1.60±0.11)、(1.55±0.12)、(0.65±0.05).M、CO组病理变化明显,髓内造血组织减少,脂肪细胞增殖肥大,骨小梁变细、稀疏、部分断裂;S组股骨头内最大脂肪细胞平均直径、空骨陷窝计数、骨坏死发生率、PPARγ基因与蛋白表达量均明显低于M、CO组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),S组与N组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论　靶向PPARγ基因siRNA腺病毒载体能够有效阻断乙醇诱导的家兔股骨头内MSCs中PPARγ基因表达及成脂分化,预防乙醇性ONFH的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) adenovirus vectors targeting PPARγto prevent the alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in rabbits.Methods Ninety-six rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. In group N, normal saline ( 10 ml/kg every day) was poured into stomach. In group M, the strong wine (the volume fraction was 46% alcohol,10 ml/kg every day) was poured into stomach. In group S, under the randomly selected side and anesthesia, the animals were injected with 25 μl siRNA adenovirus drip into the femoral head and then the puncture hole was closed on the 1st day at the 1st, 3rd and 5th month of the experiment, and at the same time the strong wine (the volume fraction was 46% alcohol, 10 ml/kg every day) was poured into stomach. In group CO, animals were treated with the same method as the group S, but not injected with siRNA adenovirus drip. The animals were sacrificed in batches at 2nd, 4th and 6th month after the experiment. The serology and pathological changes of the femoral head were studied. Results At the 6th month, the triglyceride (TG, mmol/L) contents in groups N, M, CO and S were (1.21 ±0. 12), (4.59 ± 1.58), (4.63 ±1.17) and (4. 32 ± 1.20), the cholesterol levels ( CHO, mmol/L) were (2. 35 ± 0. 33), ( 19. 59 ±1.58), (20. 13 ± 1. 17) and ( 18.32 ± 1.20), the average diameter of the max adipocyte (μm) was (40. 89 ± 2. 41 ), (48.65 ± 2.93 ), (49. 45 ± 2. 63 ) and ( 42. 52 ± 2. 57 ), the trabeculace area fraction was (41.80 ±2. 47)%, (30. 70 ±2. 86)%, (29. 80 ±2. 69)% and (41.60 ±2. 87)%, the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae was (12.30 ± 1.73)%, (22.40 ± 1.52)%, (23. 10 ± 1.62)% and (11.70 ±1.46)%, the expreasion levels of PPARγ mRNA were (0.29 ±0.05), (0.66±0. 12), (0.61±0.15) and (0. 33 ± 0. 05 ), the expression levels of osteocalcin mRNA were (0. 92 ± 0. 07 ), (0. 19 ± 0. 11 ), (0. 23 ±0. 08) and (0. 88 ± 0. 11 ), the expression levels of PPARγprotein were ( 0. 75 ± 0. 08 ), ( 1.60 ± 0. 11 ),(1.55 ±0. 12) and (0.65 ±0.05), respectively. In groups M and CO, the pathological changes were obvious; there was decreased hematopoietic tissue, proliferation and hypertrophy of the adipocytes, increased fatty tissue, and thinned, sparse or breoken bone trabeculae in the femoral head; the area fraction of the trabeculae was reduced. In group S, the average diameter of the max adipocyte, percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae, incidence of ONFH, the expressions of PPARγmRNA and protein were obviously reduced as compared with groups M and CO (P ＜0. 01,P ＜0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference between group S and group N (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion siRNA adenovirus vectors targeting PPARγcan efficaciously suppress the expression of PPARγ gene and adipogenic differentiation of the MSCs in the femoral head induced by alcohol, which may prevent the development of the alcohol-induced ONFH in rabbits.     

骨形态发生蛋白-2对兔骨髓基质细胞向软骨细胞分化基因表达的影响

目的 观察骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)基因对兔骨髓基质细胞(MSCs)向软骨细胞分化mRNA表达的影响.方法 从兔骨髓细胞中分离提取BMP-2 mRNA,构建重组BMP-2真核表达质粒,并转染兔MSCs,采用荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测各组MSCs内Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖mRNA表达水平.结果 转染后2、4 d实验组MSCs内的Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖mRNA表达量28.7±4.0、236.7±48.5及26.9±4.3、208.2±36.7,均明显高于转染后2、4 d的空白对照组(16.1±2.8、99.2±24.8及14.6±2.7、111.1±18.9)和空载体对照组(14.6±2.6、85.4±24.7及16.1±2.8、98.0±22.5)(P＜0.05).结论 重组真核表达载体BMP-2质粒能够诱导MSCs向软骨细胞分化.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on gene expression during the differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes. Methods The BMP-2 mRNA was extracted from the rabbit bone marrow cells. The recombinant BMP-2 eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into MSCs. The mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan was detected by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PGR) technique. Results At 2nd, and 4th day after transfection of plasmid pEGFP-C3-BMP-2 into MSCs, the mRNA expression levels of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan in MSCs of experimental group were significantly higher than controls (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Recombinant eukaryotic expression plastmid pEGFP-C3-BMP-2 can induce MSCs differentiation towards chondrocytes.     

大直径金属对金属假体全髋关节置换术的近期疗效

目的 探讨大直径金属对金属(MOM)假体全髋关节置换术(THR)的近期临床疗效.方法 对33例施行大直径MOM假体THR,术前诊断:股骨颈骨折6例,髋臼骨折内固定术后创伤性关节炎3例,股骨头缺血性坏死12例,髋关节骨性关节炎和类风湿关节炎8例,强直性脊柱炎4例.结果 平均随访21.8个月.Harris评分由术前平均44...     

经皮椎体成形术治疗症状性椎体血管瘤疗效观察

[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗症状性椎体血管瘤(VH)的临床效果。[方法]对2004年5月~2009年12月本院应用PVP治疗的32例症状性VH患者进行回顾分析。病灶分布于胸椎22节和腰椎16节。采用单侧椎弓根入路26例、双侧椎弓根入路6例。于牙膏期使用螺旋式加压装置注入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥(PMMA),其中胸椎注射量3~6 ml(平均5.0 ml),腰椎注射量6~8 ml(平均7.2 ml)。[结果]32例患者病变椎体均成功完成PVP技术,术后X线片或/和CT证实PMMA充填病灶区良好,未出现PMMA过敏反应、肺栓塞、椎体后侧和后外侧渗漏、神经根和脊髓受损及穿刺点感染等并发症。术后平均随访23个月,于术后6个月按照WHO标准评定疗效,有效率100%,末次随访疗效均保持稳定。[结论]PVP治疗症状性VH具有安全、微创、疗效可靠的优点。正确选择适应证、依据病灶累及范围确定单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺路径、严格把握PMMA的注射时机和量及规范术后处理等是提高手术成功率的关键。     

股骨头坏死与神经调节的相关性

股骨头坏死（osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH）分为创伤性和非创伤性两大类。非创伤性ONFH中,以酒精性、激素性ONFH为最多见。该病致残率很高,是一种严重威胁人类健康的多发病,已成为全球公众关注的热点。李子荣报道,     

激素对兔骨髓间充质干细胞神经递质表达的影响

背景：激素性股骨头坏死的确切发病机制仍未清楚,研究发现神经系统可通过多种途径调控骨髓间充质干细胞的分化,激素可能通过影响其调控机制而引起骨坏死。 目的：观察在激素作用下,骨髓间充质干细胞中神经递质或其受体mRNA表达的变化。 方法：密度梯度离心和贴壁培养获得兔骨髓间充质干细胞。将传代培养的第3代细胞随机分为两组,实验组加入浓度为10-7 mol/L的地塞米松,对照组正常培养。分别于诱导后第4,7,11,15天,测定细胞中神经生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、降钙素相关基因肽受体、血管活性肠肽受体、P物质受体及过氧化物酶体增殖子活化受体γ的mRNA表达。 结果与结论：实验组神经生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、降钙素相关基因肽受体、血管活性肠肽受体和P物质受体的mRNA表达较对照组明显降低,而过氧化物酶体增殖子活化受体γ mRNA表达较对照组明显增高,差异均具有显著性意义(P < 0.01),实验组各因子在不同时间点间进行比较却无明显差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明大剂量激素可使骨髓间充质干细胞中具有成骨或成血管作用的神经递质或其受体表达下降,这可能与激素性股骨头坏死发生的机制有关。     

葛根素抑制酒精导致人骨髓间充质干细胞的成脂分化

背景：葛根素属异黄酮类物质,研究发现其具有减轻酒精毒性和酒精戒断症状的作用,此外还可以抗氧化、清除组织及细胞产生的氧自由基、减轻脂质过氧化对细胞的损害。 目的：探讨葛根素对酒精导致的人骨髓间充质干细胞成脂分化的抑制作用。 设计、时间及地点：细胞学体外观察,于2008-10在郑州大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室实验室完成。 材料：骨髓取自健康成人志愿者,由郑州大学第一附属医院骨科提供。葛根素标准品由中国药品生物制品检定所提供。 方法：采用梯度离心法分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞,取传2代细胞,随机分为3组：空白对照组加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;模型组每天加入乙醇0.09 mol/L;实验组每天加入酒精0.09 mol/L,每两三天更换培养液时加入葛根素10-6 mol/L。各组细胞培养7 d。 主要观察指标：采用RT-PCR法检测PPAR-γ2基因的表达,油红“O” 染色进行脂肪细胞计数,测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性。 结果：模型组PPAR-γ2 mRNA呈高表达,明显高于实验组和空白对照组(P < 0.05);实验组PPAR-γ2 mRNA表达略高于对照组,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。模型组脂肪细胞最多,细胞内脂滴大而丰富;实验组脂肪细胞较模型组显著减少(P < 0.05);空白对照组脂肪细胞极少。与空白对照组比较,模型组细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性明显降低(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,实验组细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高(P < 0.05)。 结论：葛根素能抑制酒精导致的骨髓间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞分化。