针刺联合优质护理干预对周围性面神经麻痹急性期患者的影响

目的分析针刺联合优质护理干预对周围性面神经麻痹急性期患者的影响。方法以2016年1月—2019年2月60例周围性面神经麻痹急性期患者为研究对象,患者按照护理方法不同,将其分为对照组、观察组各30例患者,对照组进行神经内科的常规护理,观察组进行针刺联合优质护理干预,对2组患者临床疗效和护理满意度等进行观察。结果对照组总有效率为70%,观察组总有效率为96.6%(P<0.05)。对照组护理满意度为63.3%,观察组护理满意度为96.6%(P<0.05)。结论周围性面神经麻痹急性期患者临床治疗中,针刺联合优质护理干预的应用,可以提升患者临床疗效,降低患者住院时间,实现其护理满意度的提升。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

正中神经-尺神经交通支解剖、电生理及临床意义

尺神经损伤是成人周围神经损伤中最常见者,损伤后的功能恢复不佳.正中神经-尺神经交通支是正中神经、尺神经之间的连接神经.解剖、电生理研究表明神经纤维可在正中神经和尺神经之间交叉支配.大部分研究证实正中神经-尺神经交通支的存在使临床正中神经、尺神经损伤症状不典型,尤其是在与腕管综合征、肘管综合征相关时.正中神经-尺神经交通支的发生有遗传性和种系相关性.电生理与解剖研究结果尚未完全一致,但从理论上都认为,明确该交通支在人群中的分布,对减少误诊,避免不必要的手术及其并发症,作出正确的预后判断有重要意义.     

大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.     

载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的总结和探讨脑血管造影和载瘤动脉闭塞在治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤上的作用及特点。方法60例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者,根据其脑血管造影的特点采取血管内介入方法[可脱式球囊和(或)弹簧圈]闭塞载瘤动脉近端53例、闭塞载瘤动脉两端后孤立动脉瘤7例;其中23例闭塞前先行颅内-外血管搭桥术。结果出院时Rankin评分分级:单纯血管内介入治疗组37例中轻残3例,合并颅内-外血管搭桥术组23例中死亡1例、重残2例。1-6年的影像学随访动脉瘤无复发。结论血管内介入结合颅内-外血管搭桥术闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法之一。     

微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血35例的临床观察

目的观察应用微创清除术救治高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法对68例高血压脑出血患者采用随机分成内科组(33例,采用控制血压治疗脑水肿等方法)和微创组(35例,采用微创清除术治疗)。采用格拉斯神经功能缺损评分量表及日常生活能力量表评分比较两组的近期(1个月)和远期(6个月)疗效。结果微创组近期优良率(60%)和远期良好率以上(70.3%)高于内科组(30.3%、46.2%%),差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);微创组近期死亡率(14.3%)明显低于内科组(54.5%),差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论高血压脑出血采用微创清除术疗效优于内科治疗。     

内吗啡肽在脊髓背角浅层的镇痛机制

内吗啡肽(EM)是μ阿片受体(MOR)的内源性配体。脊髓背角浅层(Ⅰ，Ⅱ层)是阿片类物质调制外周伤害性信息的关键部位，其内含EM和MOR的结构很密集。在脊髓背角浅层，EM可以抑制初级传入末梢释放谷氨酸和P物质，增加中枢内源性镇痛系统的下行投射末梢在脊髓背角释放去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺，抑制脊髓背角Ⅱ层(胶状质)兴奋性中间神经元释放神经活性物质。在脊髓背角浅层EM可能通过以上途径实现对外周伤害性信息传递的调制并发挥镇痛作用。     

米非司酮对妊娠中期胎儿心脏超微结构的影响

目的:探讨米非司酮对妊娠中期胎儿心脏超微结构的影响。方法:将计划引产孕妇随机分为两组:对照组(水囊组)10例,实验组(米非司酮+水囊)15例。实验组按孕龄分为实验Ⅰ组(10例,16~22周),实验Ⅱ组(5例,23~28周)。实验组口服米非司酮100mg,连服3天,行水囊引产,对照组只行水囊引产。胎儿娩出后取心肌组织进行样本制备,然后在电镜下观察组织的超微结构。结果:细胞肿胀、空化,细胞膜不完整,闰盘分离,部分细胞连接消失。细胞核多呈不规则形,核内染色质凝聚呈块状,部分细胞核空化,核周围可见脂褐素。大部分肌丝断裂,肌节结构消失,少数可辩残留肌节结构,其间可见少量核糖体,但各带结构不清。线粒体肿胀,高度空化,嵴断裂,细胞基质局部空化。毛细血管内皮细胞肿胀。心肌组织细胞的超微结构有改变,且孕龄越小,超微结构改变越明显。结论:米非司酮可以引发胎儿心脏的缺血缺氧性改变。     

计算机导航辅助下人工全膝关节置换术

目的通过分析计算机导航辅助下人工全膝关节置换术中定位与软组织平衡的辅助检测作用,与传统手术进行疗效差异的比较,探讨计算机导航辅助手术的安全性、可靠性及其优势与不足。方法自2004年10月至2005年10月行计算机辅助人工全膝关节置换术18例22膝(导航组),男7例8膝,女11例14膝;年龄35～74岁,平均67岁。导航组采用计算机辅助下行人工全膝关节置换手术。从2003年10月至2004年10月用传统手术的52例中随机抽取17例22膝(非导航组),男5例6膝,女12例16膝;年龄56～78岁,平均65岁。非导航组采用髓内定位杆(股骨)、髓外定位杆(胫骨)定位,常规手术行人工全膝关节置换。全部44膝均为初次置换,两组患者的原始疾病、年龄、HSS评分行配对t检验,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对比两组术前、术后的力线、软组织平衡、并发症、出血量、手术时间及随访情况,进行统计学处理。结果全部病例随访3～12个月,平均10个月。导航组力线误差大多在2°～3°,非导航组3°～6°。软组织平衡角度变量导航组大多在2°以内,非导航组2°～4°;软组织平衡分离变量导航组大多在2～4mm,非导航组5～7mm。导航组出血量大多在550～700ml,非导航组700～900ml;导航组手术时间大多在75～100min,非导航组45～60min。经SPSS10.0统计软件处理,两组在术后力线、软组织平衡角度变量和分离变量、出血量、手术时间,其差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论计算机导航辅助人工全膝关节置换术,使假体的植入位置更为准确,术后下肢力线和软组织平衡更佳,并能减少出血量,早期疗效满意,但延长了手术时间。