经皮椎弓根技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床探讨

目的:探讨微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及其疗效。方法:20例胸腰椎骨折病例,男13例,女7例;年龄28~65岁,平均48·2岁。其中16例损伤平面以下无神经功能损害、无双下肢和大小便障碍;4例有不同程度的脊髓损伤,按Frankel分级:C级1例,D级3例。在C形臂X线的定位下确定需要固定的椎弓根根部,做4个1·5cm长的切口,固定与复位均在4个小切口内完成。结果:所有病例均获随访,时间9~18个月,平均15个月。术后患者椎体高度均有不同程度恢复,椎体后凸畸形获得不同程度矫正。手术时间约1·5h,出血量约80ml。结论:微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术操作简便、安全可靠,具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉钉棒系统固定的生物力学研究

目的：比较下颈椎三柱损伤后单独经关节螺钉固定（TAS）、经关节钉棒系统同定（TRS）和侧块螺钉钉棒系统固定（LRS）的三维稳定性。方法：12具新鲜颈椎标本．制成C4／5、C5／6节段三柱损伤模型，分别进行单独经关节螺钉（TAS组）、经关节螺钉钉棒系统（TRS组）和侧块螺钉钉棒系统（LRS组）三种方法固定，在非限制性和非破坏性的实验条件下测试其前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和轴向旋转运动状态的稳定性。结果：TAS组和TRS组在各方向的运动范同（ROM）和中性区（NZ）的均数均显著小于完整标本组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；LRS组在前屈、后伸、侧弯运动中的ROM和NZ与完整标本组比较有显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；LRS组在旋转运动中的ROM和NZ与完整标本组比较有不同程度的降低，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。TAS、TRS在各个方向稳定性明显优于LRS组（P〈0．05）。TRS在前屈运动中的ROM和NZ与TAS组比较有所减小，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在后伸、侧弯和旋转运动中，TRS组稳定性明显优于TAS组，有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在下颈椎三柱损伤选择经关节固定技术时以钉棒形式同定稳定性更好。     

"鼓式"内固定治疗桡骨小头骨折

目的 探讨桡骨小头骨折手术治疗方法的选择。方法 5例桡骨小头骨折患者均行手术切开复位，用钛合金指骨(或掌骨)螺钉行环形“鼓式”内固定术。结果 5例随访11～24个月，均在术后10～12周骨折完全愈合；螺钉位置良好，无松动；功能恢复良好。结论 “鼓式”内固定治疗桡骨小头骨折是一种比较实用、预后较好的手术方法，但应正确掌握手术适应证和手术技巧。     

Ⅲ度开放性胫腓骨骨折外固定治疗策略

目的：探讨Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期的处理方法与技巧,总结外固定支架治疗、稳定骨折端的临床效果。方法：早期采用外固定支架治疗Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折120例,男86例,女34例;年龄18～67岁,平均36.8岁。结果：120例中111例优良,或通过Ⅱ、Ⅲ期手术,软组织修复及骨折愈合良好;1例患者因感染、骨折复位不良,骨折不愈合;8例Ⅱ期截肢。结论：对于Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期以外固定支架为主的治疗是一种理想的方法,术中良好的骨折复位、简单的内固定合并外固定支架为主的治疗,有利于日后软组织的修复及骨折愈合。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉和Magerl侧块螺钉与脊神经关系的解剖学比较

目的对比下颈椎经关节螺钉和Magerl侧块螺钉固定技术神经根(前支和后支)损伤的潜在风险。方法应用经关节螺钉和Magerl侧块螺钉两种固定技术,固定C_(3-7)节段,每种技术使用2具标本和20枚螺钉。使用直径为3．5mm、长度为20mm的螺钉进行过度穿透侧块腹侧皮质固定。仔细解剖颈部的前侧方,观察螺钉与脊神经前、后支的关系。结果下颈椎经关节螺钉固定技术总体神经损伤比例(45%)明显低于Magerl侧块螺钉固定技术(90%),两者差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)。经关节螺钉和Magerl侧块螺钉固定技术引起的神经损伤均最多见于脊神经后支,分别为25%和45%。结论经关节螺钉固定技术神经根损伤的风险低于Magerl侧块螺钉固定技术。     

Anatomic comparison of transarticular screws with lateral mass screws in cervical vertebrae

Objective:To compare the potential incidence of nerve root (ventral and dorsal ramus) injury caused by cervical transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws. Methods:Insertion techniques with Klekamp transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws were respectively performed in this study. Each technique involved four specimens and 40 screws, which were inserted from C3 to C7. And 20-mm-long screws were used to overpenetrate the ventral cortex. The anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine was carefully dissected to allow observation of the screw-ramus relationship. Results : The overall percentage of nerve invasion was significantly lower with Klekamp (45 %) technique than with Roy-Camille (85%) technique (P<0.05). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Klekamp transarticular screws was found at the dorsal ramus (25%), followed by the ventral ramus (15%) and the bifurcation of the ventral dorsal ramus (5 %). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Roy-Camille lateral mass screws was found at the ventral ramus (80 %). Conclusion : The potential risk of nerve root invasion is lower with Klekamp transarticular screws than with Roy-Camille lateral mass screws.     

开放植骨术治疗慢性骨髓炎

自 1999～ 2 0 0 2年采用开放植骨术治疗慢性骨髓炎 10例具有疗效确切 ,疗程短、方法简体、安全等特点 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组男性 7例 ,女性 3例 ,年龄 12～ 5 6岁 ,平均 4 0岁。血源性感染 1例、开放性骨折感染 6例 ,内固定术后感染 3例。股骨下段 1例、胫骨上段 2例、胫骨中下段 3例、胫骨末段 4例。病程最长 30个月、最短 4个月 ,平均 17个月。Mader依据病理解剖特征将慢性骨髓炎分为 4型 :髓腔型、浅表型、局限型、弥散型。本组浅表型 1例 ,髓腔型 6例 ,局限型 3例。1 2　手术方法1 2 1　病灶清除　患肢驱血 ,上…     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

手术治疗髋臼骨折的疗效分析

探讨采用手术方法治疗髋臼骨折的疗效。方法本组62例，按Letournel分类，后壁骨折13例，后柱骨折9例，前柱骨折5例，横行骨折4例，横行伴后壁骨折6例，双柱骨折lO例，后壁伴后柱骨折8例，T型骨折7例。选择髂腹股沟入路13例，K-L入路3l例，二者联合入路18例。结果所有病例随访1年以上，骨折愈合，无感染、坐骨神经损伤，2例发生创伤性关节炎，3例髋关个节功能受限。结论开放复位内固定技术能显著提高髋臼骨折的远期疗效。