sIL－2R与SLE的临床表现和自身抗体的相关性

用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６６例ＳＩＥ病人血清叽ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平，ＳＬＥ病人显著高于正常人，疾病活动期高于非活动期。血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与ＡＮＡ、抗ｄｓ－ＤＮＡ抗体、抗Ｓｍ、ＳＳ－Ａ、ＳＳ－Ｂ抗体无关，而与ＳＬＥ患者的发热、贫血、白细胞减少、关节受累及肾脏损害相关，且与ＳＬＥ疾病活动性和ＥＳＲ成正相关，与补体Ｃ＿３、Ｃ＿４和ＣＨ＿（５０）成负相关。提示血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平是监测ＳＬＥ疾病活动性的一个良好指标。     

人工心脏圆盘泵的流动特性研究

人工心脏（血泵）一直存在泵体对血细胞剪切力过大和流速过快容易引起溶血的问题。为了研究人体正常血压情况下,血泵内部剪切力和速度场的分布情况,选择圆盘泵叶轮代替传统离心泵叶轮,对两种模型进行数值计算,分析不同叶轮内部剪切力和速度场的分布规律。研究表明传统离心泵内部流速高,叶片表面剪切力大,对血细胞的伤害大。圆盘泵相比传统离心泵,剪切力更小,流场速度分布均匀,流速更小。和传统离心泵相比,不同转速下圆盘泵能降低溶血的发生率。圆盘泵叶片数为6片时,抗溶血性能更好。研究结果为血泵的优化提供理论依据。     

Melatonin attenuated retinal neovascularization and neuroglial dysfunction by inhibition of HIF‐1α‐VEGF pathway in oxygen‐induced retinopathy mice

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy characterized by retinal neovascularization (RNV) occurring in preterm infants treated with high concentrations of oxygen and may lead to blindness in severe cases. Currently, anti‐VEGF therapy is a major treatment for ROP, but it is costly and may cause serious complications. The previous study has demonstrated that melatonin exerted neuroprotective effect against retinal ganglion cell death induced by hypoxia in neonatal rats. However, whether melatonin is anti‐angiogenic and neuroglial protective in the progression of ROP remains unknown. Thus, this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on RNV and neuroglia in the retina of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) mice. The results showed a reduction in retinal vascular leakage in OIR mice after melatonin treatment. Besides, the size of retinal neovascular and avascular areas, the number of preretinal neovascular cell nuclei, and the number of proliferative vascular endothelial cells within the neovascular area were significantly decreased in mice treated with melatonin. After oxygen‐induced injury, the density of astrocytes was decreased, accompanied by morphologic and functional changes of astrocytes. Besides, retinal microglia were also activated. Meanwhile, the levels of inflammatory factors were elevated. However, these pathologic processes were all hindered by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, HIF‐1α‐VEGF pathway was activated in the retina of OIR mice, yet was suppressed in melatonin‐treated OIR mice retinas. In conclusion, melatonin prevented pathologic neovascularization, protected neuroglial cells, and exerts anti‐inflammation effect via inhibition of HIF‐1α‐VEGF pathway in OIR retinas, suggesting that melatonin could be a promising therapeutic agent for ROP.     

留学生医学胚胎学全英文教学的实践

<正>组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的基础医学课程。胚胎学同属形态学和发育生物学的范畴,是儿科、妇产科等临床学科的基础课程,是研究人体发生、生长和发育机制的科学~([1])。根据以往教学情况,学生理解和记忆都较为困难,另对于留学生,国内教师采用英文授课,其课堂讲授和教学效果对教师是挑战。笔者通过教学实践,就我校留学生授课的准备工作和课堂情况总结几点体会。     

Bidirectional Relationships Between Weight Change and Sleep Apnea in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Objective

To examine the bidirectional relationship between weight change and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the context of a behavioral weight loss intervention.

Large-scale synthesis and luminescence of GdPO4 hollow microspheres

GdPO₄ hollow microspheres were synthesized by using a novel multi-step transformation synthetic route for the first time with polystyrene (PS) spheres as the template, followed by the combination of a facile homogeneous precipitation method, an ion-exchange process, and a calcination process. The XRD results indicated that the GdPO₄ hollow microspheres have a pure hexagonal phase. The SEM and TEM images confirmed that the as-obtained GdPO₄ hollow spheres have a uniform morphology with an average diameter of 2.7 μm and shell thickness of about 150 nm. The up-conversion luminescence properties as well as the emission mechanisms of the GdPO₄:Yb³⁺, Ln³⁺ (Ln³⁺ = Tm³⁺, Er³⁺ and Ho³⁺) hollow microspheres were systematically investigated, which show blue (Tm³⁺, ¹G₄ → ³H₆), green (Er³⁺, ⁴S_3/2, ²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2), and red (Ho³⁺, ⁵F₅ → ⁵I₈) luminescence under 980 nm NIR excitation, providing potential applications in bioanalysis, optoelectronic and nanoscale devices, future color displays and light-emitting devices, and so on.

GdPO₄ hollow microspheres were synthesized by using a novel multi-step route for the first time with polystyrene (PS) spheres as the template, followed by the combination of a facile homogeneous precipitation method, an ion-exchange process, and a calcination process.     

A review of biosensor technology and algorithms for glucose monitoring

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a serious illness in the whole world. Until now, there is no effective cure for patients with DM. It is well known that the glucose level is one key factor to determine the progress of DM. It is also an important reference to carry out the accurate and timely treatment for patients with DM. In this article, the related biosensors technology that can be utilized to identify and predict glucose level are reviewed in detail, including the algorithms that can help to achieve numerical value of glucose level. Firstly, the biosensor technology based on the physiological fluids are illustrated, including blood, sweat, interstitial fluid, ocular fluid, and other available fluids. Secondly, the algorithms for achieving numerical value of glucose level are investigated, including the physiological model-based method and the machine learning-based method. Finally, the future development trend and challenges of glucose level monitoring are given and the conclusions are drawn.     

我国白内障摘除手术效果及影响因素分析

目的探讨我国开展白内障摘除手术的效果及其影响因素。方法病例对照研究。对全国白内障复明手术信息报告系统中2017年1至12月全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)上报的接受白内障摘除手术的2078479例患者信息进行统计描述。分析白内障摘除手术后3 d、3个月患者视力改善情况及年龄、性别、术前矫正视力、既往病史、手术方式等对白内障摘除手术效果的影响。手术效果根据术后最佳矫正视力分为效果良好、效果一般、效果差。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验及多分类logistic回归模型等进行统计学分析。结果2078479例患者中,女性1197942例(57.64%),男性880537例(42.36%);患者年龄为(69±11)岁;白内障类型以年龄相关性白内障(1928440例,92.78%)为主。术前、术后3 d、术后3个月矫正视力填写完整的病例分别有1608385、1126961、389020例。手术后患者视力状况有了明显改善,术后3 d、术后3个月与术前矫正视力(最小分辨角对数转换后)的差值中位数分别为-0.48、-0.52,四分位数间距分别为0.60、0.73,术后3 d、术后3个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=551599.30,206815.35;均P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,发生术后并发症(效果一般:OR=0.50,95%CI为0.46~0.55;效果良好:OR=0.31,95%CI为0.28~0.33)、术前瞳孔状态异常(效果一般:OR=0.52,95%CI:0.44~0.61;效果良好:OR=0.55,95%CI为0.47~0.63)、术前眼压异常(效果一般:OR=0.86,95%CI为0.79~0.93;效果良好:OR=0.45,95%CI为0.42~0.49)、既往高血压病史(效果一般:OR=0.90,95%CI为0.85~0.95;效果良好:OR=0.88,95%CI为0.83~0.93)和糖尿病病史(效果一般:OR=0.86,95%CI为0.80~0.93;效果良好:OR=0.92,95%CI为0.86~0.99)是影响手术效果的危险因素;术前矫正视力好(术前矫正视力0.2~0.4,效果一般:OR=2.20,95%CI为2.06~2.34,效果良好:OR=5.25,95%CI为4.94~5.59;术前矫正视力0.5~0.7,效果一般:OR=1.08,95%CI为0.96~1.21,效果良好:OR=6.35,95%CI为5.69~7.08;术前矫正视力≥0.8,效果一般:OR=0.73,95%CI为0.60~0.89,效果良好:OR=6.58,95%CI为5.51~7.86)、小切口囊外白内障摘除术(效果一般:OR=3.19,95%CI为2.35~4.33;效果良好:OR=6.79,95%CI为5.13~8.97)和超声乳化白内障吸除术(效果一般:OR=2.12,95%CI为1.60~2.81;效果良好:OR=3.34,95%CI为2.59~4.32)为手术效果的保护因素。结论我国白内障患者行白内障摘除手术后视力状况有明显改善,但仍有部分患者处于中度视力损伤状态;手术效果受术前矫正视力、术前眼压、术前瞳孔状态、手术方式、术后并发症等多种因素影响。