糖皮质激素对淋巴细胞受体表达的影响

目的观察糖皮质激素(GH)对淋巴细胞受体(GR)及亚型表达的影响。方法将10-5mol/L地塞米松(Dx)在淋巴细胞株Raji和Jurkat上作用3d,采用Westernblot方法检测GR在蛋白质水平上的变化,采用Realtime方法检测GR及其亚型在mRNA水平上的变化。结果应用Dx24h,总蛋白中GR表达明显减少,但在核蛋白中GR表达明显增多;在mRNA水平上hGRα亚型在用药前后无显著变化(P>0.05),hGRβ亚型量极微,几乎不能检测。结论GH影响GR的表达,GR活化后由细胞浆转入细胞核;hGRβ亚型的作用有待进一步研究。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者激素敏感性与糖皮质激素受体亚型的关系研究

目的探究特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者对糖皮质激素敏感性与其外周血单个核细胞内激素受体亚型表达的关系。方法采用实时定量RT—PCR和免疫组化技术检测不同激素敏感性ITP患者（包括糖皮质激素抵抗和敏感病人）外周血单个核细胞内α和β亚型糖皮质激素受体（GRα和GRβ）mRNA和蛋白表达，并将检测结果与正常对照组进行比较。结果糖皮质激素抵抗组患者外周血单个核细胞GRβmRNA表达量和GRβ蛋白表达阳性的单个核细胞比率明显高于激素敏感组及正常对照组（P〈0．01），而GRα mRNA和蛋白表达水平，各组之间无显著差异。结论ITP患者糖皮质激素敏感性与其GRβ表达水平密切相关。     

小规模限制性在线课程在医学本科生淋巴瘤临床教学中的应用研究

目的　探究设计基于小规模限制性在线课程（small private online course,SPOC）的整合教学应用于医学本科生淋巴瘤临床教学的可行性和实践效果。方法　将60名在血液内科进行临床学习的医学生,按入科前基础医学理论考试成绩,随机分入SPOC教学组（n=30）和以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）组（n=30）,进行淋巴瘤相关知识点的临床教学和指导。教学活动结束后,采用匿名问卷调查师生对SPOC和PBL教学的主观体验及评价;并通过两组学生出科考试成绩的比较,分析不同方法下教学质量的差异。采用SPSS 19.0对两组学生考试成绩行t检验。结果　调查结果显示,与PBL教学组相比,SPOC教学组师生的教学反馈评价更高、教学体验更好,SPOC得到师生的普遍认可。SPOC教学组学生的出科考试三项成绩均优于PBL教学组,且差异有统计学意义：出科理论成绩[（84.03±7.66） vs.（77.60±8.22）,P=0.005],实践技能成绩[（87.83±8.17） vs. （81.97±6.13）,P=0.001],病例分析成绩[（88.17±6.53） vs. （80.10±6.91）,P=0.000]。结论　基于SPOC的整合教学适宜医学本科生淋巴瘤临床教学,且有助于提升学生的学习兴趣、学习能力、基础理论水平和临床实践能力,为专科疾病临床教学提供了新思路。     

EPOCH方案治疗老年人外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床研究

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of EPOCH regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Methods Twenty-eight elderly patients with pathologically diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma were treated with EPOCH regimen, including 96-hour continuous infusion of etoposide 50 mg/m2, epirubincin 12 mg/m2 and vincristin 0.4 mg/m2 on daysl through 4,cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 given as intravenous bolus on day 5 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 administered orally on daysl through 5. The EPOCH regimen was repeated very 21 days. Clinical efficacy and safety profiles of EPOCH regimen was systemically reviewed and analysed. Results All the 28 patients received a total of 85 cycles of EPOCH regimen. The median cycles was two courses. Fifteen patients achieved complete response, while five cases obtaining partial response. The overall response rate was 71.4 %. The median survival time was 20 months. In newly diagnosed patients, complete response rate (CR) as well as partial response (PR) and overall response rate (OR) reached 64.7 %, 23.5 % and 88.2 %, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in refractory cases, whose CR, PR and OR were 36.4 %, 9.1% and 45.5 %(λ 2 = 5.99, P ＜0.05). In addition, the median survivalduration of newly diagnosed patients was longer than that of refractory cases, whose median survival time was 24 and 13 months, respectively. The major adverse events was myelosuppression with grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 53.6 % and 50.0 % cases.Non-hematologic toxicities were moderate and uncommon. The frequency of adverse effects in de novo patients showed little difference in comparison with that in refractory ones (P＞0.05). Conclusion EPOCH regimen was an effective and well tolerated therapeutic schedule for elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma.     

EPOCH方案治疗老年人外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床研究

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of EPOCH regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Methods Twenty-eight elderly patients with pathologically diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma were treated with EPOCH regimen, including 96-hour continuous infusion of etoposide 50 mg/m2, epirubincin 12 mg/m2 and vincristin 0.4 mg/m2 on daysl through 4,cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 given as intravenous bolus on day 5 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 administered orally on daysl through 5. The EPOCH regimen was repeated very 21 days. Clinical efficacy and safety profiles of EPOCH regimen was systemically reviewed and analysed. Results All the 28 patients received a total of 85 cycles of EPOCH regimen. The median cycles was two courses. Fifteen patients achieved complete response, while five cases obtaining partial response. The overall response rate was 71.4 %. The median survival time was 20 months. In newly diagnosed patients, complete response rate (CR) as well as partial response (PR) and overall response rate (OR) reached 64.7 %, 23.5 % and 88.2 %, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in refractory cases, whose CR, PR and OR were 36.4 %, 9.1% and 45.5 %(λ 2 = 5.99, P ＜0.05). In addition, the median survivalduration of newly diagnosed patients was longer than that of refractory cases, whose median survival time was 24 and 13 months, respectively. The major adverse events was myelosuppression with grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 53.6 % and 50.0 % cases.Non-hematologic toxicities were moderate and uncommon. The frequency of adverse effects in de novo patients showed little difference in comparison with that in refractory ones (P＞0.05). Conclusion EPOCH regimen was an effective and well tolerated therapeutic schedule for elderly patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma.     

PBL结合临床路径教学模式在血液肿瘤实习教学中的应用

目的 讨论以问题为基础(PBL)结合临床路径(CP)教学模式在血液肿瘤实习教学中的应用。方法选取50名血液内科临床实习医师,随机分为传统教学组(n=25)和PBL结合CP教学组(n=25)。传统教学组采用临床教师带教形式,以授课为基础;PBL结合CP教学组则采用问题结合CP教学模式,教学结束后比较两组的教学反馈和教学成果。结果 与传统教学组相比,教师和学生对PBL结合CP教学组教学反馈评价更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组实习医师带教质量调查比较,PBL结合CP教学组在出科理论平均成绩(92.95±4.55 vs 84.45±6.28)、实践技能平均成绩(94.25±4.75 vs 87.45±5.84)和病例分析能力(92.33±5.28 vs 83.65±7.32)三方面均显著优于传统教学组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PBL结合CP教学模式在血液肿瘤临床实习教学中具有可行性,可规范疾病诊疗,提高临床实习带教质量,极大提升实习医师的学习兴趣和临床工作实践能力。     

重组人血小板生成素治疗老年慢性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效观察

目的:评价重组人血小板生成素(recombinant humanized thrombopoietin,rhTPO)治疗老年慢性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)的临床疗效和不良反应.方法:对2008年1月-2012年12月收治的25例慢性ITP老年患者,皮下注射rhTPO 300 U/(kg·d),每天1次,共14 d或至血小板计数≥100×109/L时,停止给药.停药后继续观察14d.依据成人ITP诊治中国专家共识(修订版)的标准进行临床疗效和安全性分析和评估.结果:经rhTPO治疗后,完全反应7例,有效13例,总有效率为80.0 ％(20/25).用药后血小板计数最高值平均达到(146.18±83.96)×109/L,停药后血小板计数缓慢下降,治疗后第28天血小板计数回落至(85.40±39.53)×109/L,均显著高于治疗前的血小板计数(15.30±7.97)×109/L(P＜0.01),但白细胞计数和血红蛋白含量在治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).rhTPO对凝血酶原时间、活化的部分凝血活酶时间和纤维蛋白原无显著影响(P＞0.05).治疗过程中出现的不良反应主要有嗜睡、头晕和乏力,分别为4例、3例、3例,腹泻和皮疹各1例.结论:rhTPO是治疗老年慢性ITP有效而且耐受性较好的治疗药物.     

减低剂量IA方案治疗老年急性髓细胞白血病患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨减低剂量去甲氧柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷(IA)方案治疗老年急性髓细胞白血病(AML)患者的疗效和不良反应.方法:42例老年AML患者分别以减低剂量IA方案、标准剂量IA方案和标准剂量米托蒽醌联合阿糖胞苷方案(MA)治疗,比较3组病例在临床疗效、不良反应、病死率等指标上的差异.结果:减低剂量IA组完全缓解(CR)6...     

盐酸帕洛司琼联合GDP方案治疗老年复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床研究

目的评价盐酸帕洛司琼联合GDP (Palonosetron-GDP) 方案治疗老年复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效和不良反应。方法采用Palonosetron-GDP方案治疗28例老年复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,对接受3个疗程以上患者进行临床疗效评估和不良反应分析,同时随访患者疾病进展情况。结果26例患者接受3个疗程以上Palonosetron-GDP方案化疗,其中6例完全缓解 (完全缓解率23.1%),10例部分缓解(部分缓解率38.5%),总有效率61.5%。26例患者中位肿瘤进展时间为5.3月(95%CI: 4.7~7.0)。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,而非血液学毒性尤其是消化道不良反应轻微,其中化疗诱导恶心和呕吐不良反应Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级1例,没有Ⅲ~Ⅳ级呕吐反应。结论Palonosetron-GDP方案是老年复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的有效挽救治疗方案,其中盐酸帕洛司琼能有效预防化疗诱导的消化道不良反应而不影响其疗效。     

氟达拉滨联合阿糖胞苷方案治疗复发及难治性急性髓系白血病的临床研究

本研究探讨氟达拉滨联合阿糖胞苷（FA）方案对复发及难治性急性髓系白血病（AML）的临床疗效和不良反应。选择我院治疗的19例复发及难治性AML患者,应用FA方案：氟达拉滨25mg/（m2·d）,静脉滴注,第1—5天;4小时后给予阿糖胞苷2g/（m2·d）,静脉滴注,第1—5天。另20例选用对照方案：MAE或DAE方案化疗,MAE方案即米托蒽醌8mg／（m2·d）,第1—3天;阿糖胞苷200mg／（m2·d）,第1—7天;依托泊甙60mg／（m2·d）,第1-5天。DAE方案即柔红霉素45mg／（m2·d）,第1—3天;阿糖胞苷200mg/（m2·d）,第1—7天;依托泊甙60mg／（m2·d）,第1—5天。各组均重复2个疗程。结果表明：2疗程后FA方案组完全缓解（ca）9例（47％）,部分缓解（PR）8例（42％）;对照方案组CR5例（25％）,PR6例（30％）。两组差异率有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。所有FA方案组患者均发生Ⅳ级骨髓抑制现象,明显强于对照组（P〈0．05）,其他非血液系统不良反应包括胃肠道反应、粘膜炎、肝功能损伤;大多数不良反应能被患者耐受,FA组与对照组无显著差异。结论：FA方案是复发及难治性AML的有效挽救治疗方案。