重症心源性肺水肿伴休克患者的机械通气治疗

目的研究重症心源性肺水肿伴休克患者机械通气(MV)治疗时通气压力的选择对预后的影响。方法将符合标准的22例患者分为两组对照组9例,常规给予较低通气压力和加强药物治疗;治疗组13例,适当增加通气压力。观察血压、临床症状和动脉血气的变化。结果调整MV后30分钟时,治疗组收缩压迅速由(95±12)mmHg升至(130±15)mmHg(P<0.001),呼吸频率(RR)由(38±11)次/min降至(27±6)次/min(P<0.005),心率(HR)由(126±15)次/min降至(105±12)次/min(P<0.001);对照组上述指标变化不明显。2小时后治疗组的升压药用量减少(70±15)%,对照组则增加(20±5)%;同时在吸氧浓度不变的情况下,治疗组的PaO2由(81±12)mmHg升至(140±15)mmHg(P<0.001),明显高于对照组PaO2的改善。24~48小时内治疗组11例患者(85%)停用升压药,对照组2例(22%)停用。最终治疗组100%的患者好转出院,对照组为45%(P<0.05)。结论与低压力通气相比,适当增加MV通气压力不仅可迅速改善重症心源性水肺肿伴休克患者的低氧血症,也可迅速升高血压,改善心功能,降低病死率。     

Early detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and chronic rejection after heart transplantation-Report of one case

Objective To study clinically the feasibility of early diagnosis of cardiac allograft vascularopathy(CAV) and chronic rejection. Methods A 13-year-old female patient with dilated cardiomy-opathy received orthotopic heart transplantation for advanced heart failure, and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy including cyclosporine, prednisone and mofetil, and a mondily close follow-up. Coronary angiography and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was perormed 9 months after the operation. Results The clinical and follow-up data of the case showed that cardiac or systemic nonspecific symptoms such as exertional chest discomfort, palpitation, fatigue or fever of unknown reasons were the first and ignorable clinical symptoms, and found disappeared after dosage addition of cyclinsporine, which indicated a early clinical manifestations of rejection or vasculopathy. While persistent sinus tachycardia on electrocadiogram, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction(from 64% -68% down to 47% - 50% ), enlar     

心源性肺水肿的机械通气治疗和机械通气相关性肺水肿

机械通气(MV)可纠正严重呼吸衰竭患者的低氧血症和呼吸性酸中毒,常作为危重症患者的生命支持手段。一般认为MV能改善肺水肿,但可能抑制肺循环和体循环,对左心功能产生不利影响。实际上MV与心肺功能之间的关系并非如此简单,简述如下。一、心源性肺水肿的病理生理1·心源性肺水肿     

陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞移植后左室心肌灌注及收缩功能的变化

目的　评价经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对陈旧性心肌梗死患者心功能和心肌灌注的影响及其安全性。方法与结果　入选 10例陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者 ,在冠状动脉造影和介入治疗后 ,经冠状动脉内灌注导管将自体骨髓单个核细胞缓慢注入前降支。随访 3个月后 ,左室射血分数由术前 4 5 3%± 9 8%升高至 5 4 5 %± 6 5 % (P =0 0 0 3) ;2 0 1 Tl心肌灌注显像 (SPECT)显示左心室心肌灌注明显改善 ,即刻和延迟心肌灌注评分分别由术前的 2 9 5± 5 8和 2 8 6± 6 3降低至 2 3 9±5 7和 2 3 0± 6 1(P均 <0 0 1) ,没有手术有关的并发症和恶性心律失常发生。结论　陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植 ,可显著改善左室收缩功能和心肌灌注 ,并且具有良好的临床操作安全性。     

FX miniRAIL球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄

目的 :采用血管腔内超声 (IVUS)研究经皮冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内FXminiRAILTM球囊成形术 (FXBA)治疗冠脉支架内再狭窄 (ISR)的疗效及其安全性。方法 :冠脉内支架植入术后单支ISR >70 %的病人 171例 (男性 12 4例 ,女性 4 7例 ,年龄 6 1± 11岁 ) ,分为FXBA组 (n =10 6 )和普通球囊成形术 (PTCA)组 (n =6 5 )。所有病例术前、术后即刻以及术后随访期行定量冠脉造影 (QCA)及IVUS。QCA分析病变长度 ,最小管腔直径 (MLD) ,参照管腔直径 (RLD)和管腔直径狭窄百分比 (DS) ;IVUS分析血管总横截面积 (TVA) ,外弹力膜内横截面积 (EEMA) ,支架横截面积 (SA) ,最小管腔横截面积 (MLA) ,支架内的再狭窄面积(RA)。随访靶血管再次成形率 (TVR)和主要不良心血管事件 (MACE)发生率。结果 :FXBA治疗ISR和PTCA一样易于操作 ,两组的操作成功率均为 10 0 %。IVUS显示FXBA组治疗ISR后即刻管腔面积的获得大于PTCA组 (5 .4 3± 0 .6 3mm2 对4 .92± 0 .4 6mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而随访期 (平均随访时间 5 .4± 1.6个月 )管腔面积的丢失则小于PTCA组 (0 .5 1± 0 .2 1mm2 对0 .91± 0 .2 3mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组术后即刻SA均较术前增加。随访期FXBA组的ISR复发率 (2 1.1%± 7.6 % )明显低于PT CA组 (38.3%± 4 .3% ) ,P <0 .0 0 1;FXBA     

血管内超声在自发性冠状动脉夹层诊断和治疗中的初步应用

目的初步探讨血管内超声（IVUS）在自发性冠状动脉夹层（spontaneous coronary artery dissection，SCAD）诊断和介入治疗中的应用价值。方法采用IVUS观察6例SCAD的显像特征，并指导3例SCAD的冠状动脉内支架植入治疗。结果6例患者IVUS均清晰显示内膜片结构，根据真假腔外侧壁的超声结构差异和假腔内血栓，6例患者均成功鉴别出真假腔。3例接受冠状动脉内支架植入治疗的患者，根据IVUS显像准确选择支架尺寸，指导支架在真腔内释放，并确定支架扩张充分和夹层完全闭合。结论应用IVUS有助于对SCAD进行精确的评估，准确地指导SCAD的冠状动脉内支架植入并评价其疗效。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗陈旧性心肌梗死的随访观察

尽管介入技术、外科治疗和药物治疗进展很快,但是心肌梗死后心室重塑所导致的心力衰竭仍是梗死后死亡的主要原因.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.