心房颤动导管消融的现状与前景

经过电生理工作者多年的艰辛探索与不懈努力,在Haissaguerre等[1]的具有里程碑式的发现基础上,肺静脉兴奋灶触发的阵发性心房颤动(房颤)导管消融模式已逐渐趋于成熟.从最初的点状消融,到节段性肺静脉隔离,以致近年来世界多数心脏中心认可并采用的主流消融术式之一的环肺静脉口外线性消融,其治疗成功率逐步提高.     

单纯碎裂电位指导心房颤动消融的初步临床观察

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of mdiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrilla-tion (AF) guided by complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs). Methods Twenty-two patients with drug refractory and symptomatic AF(16 paroxysmal, 6 persisten) were enrolled. Using Carto, the left atrial or biatrial replica was created during spontaneous or induced AF, and areas associated with CFAEs were identi-fied. Radiofrequency ablation at the site with CFAEs was performed and the end points were to eliminate CFAEs or convert to sinus rhythm. Results Thirteen patients(59%)were converted to sinus rhythm, (7 cases conver-ted directly to sinus rhythm, and 6 via the intermediate atrial tachycardia(AT) or atrial flutter (AFL). The re-maining nine patients required cardioversion with D. C. shock or drug. Repeat ablation was performed in 6 pa-tients (5 AT/AFL, 1 paroxysmal AF). During(10.9 ±4.8) months follow-up, 16 patients (73%) were free of arrhythmia and symptoms. CFAEs were most commonly found along the left interatrial septum, pulmonary veins, left atrial roof. CFAEs ablation prolonged AFCL[(157 ± 18) ms vs (211 ± 32) ms, P < 0.05]. Only one patient had pericardial tamponade that required pericardiocentesis. Conclusion Radiofrequeney catheter abla-tion of atrial fibrillation (AF) guided by CFAEs is safe and effective.     

心房颤动与炎症及慢性幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关性研究

目的探讨心房颤动(简称房颤)与炎症及慢性幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染的关系。方法选取66例房颤患者为房颤组(其中阵发性房颤44例,慢性房颤22例),另取同期住院的阵发性室上性心动过速(简称室上速)患者67例作为对照组,用间接ELISA法测定血清Hp-IgG抗体,速率散射免疫比浊法测定C反应蛋白(CRP),比较两组Hp-IgG抗体,CRP的差异并分析HP抗体滴度与房颤及其它相关因素的关系。结果房颤组与对照组的Hp-IgG阳性率Hp-IgG对数值均无差异(P均>0.05)。房颤组CRP中位数较对照组高(1.17mg/dlvs0.65mg/dl,P<0.05)。结论房颤与慢性Hp感染不相关,与炎症相关。     

实用临床诊疗规范——心血管系统疾病（一）

第一节 心律失常 窦性心律失常 正常的窦性心律是整齐的，其频率在成年人为60～100次／min。窦性心律的频率因年龄、性别、体力活动等的不同而有显著差异，故所谓正常范围对个人来说只具有相对意义。一般说来，经常体育锻炼或体力劳动的人心率偏慢、长期静坐工作者心率多较快。     

超声心动图对62例房间隔缺损封堵术后心功能变化的评价

目的：应用超声心动图评价房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前后左、右心室功能的变化。方法：对62例成功施行经皮穿刺ASD封堵术的患者进行研究。所有患者在术前、术后1周及1个月分别进行超声心动图检查．观察心脏大小及功能的改变。结果：ASD封堵术后，左室舒张末期前后径、左室舒张末期容积、左室每搏量及左室射血分数增大，而左室收缩末期容积未见明显改变；右室舒张末期前后径、右室舒张末期容积、右室收缩末期容积、右室每搏量、右室射血分数及右室心肌工作指数均减小。结论：经皮穿刺ASD封堵治疗既可减轻右室容量负荷，改善右室功能，也可改善左室的收缩功能：超声心动图对ASD封堵前后心脏血流动力学评价及疗效的观察起了重要的作用。     

环孢素A治愈难治型肾病综合征1例

患儿，男，6岁。因咳嗽5天，颜面及下肢浮肿、少尿4天入院。查体面部躯干及四肢明显浮肿，两肺散在中小水泡音，心腹正常，血压13／8kPa，尿蛋白（），尿蛋白定量1．62g／24小时，血浆总蛋白35．2g／L胆固醇13．9mmol／L，血沉68mm／小时，确诊为肾病综合征合并支气管肺炎。经用多种抗生素，并给输血浆、白蛋白等处理后感染控制，服用强地松2月余病情缓解出院。20天后又因感冒病情反复再次入院，积极控制感染继续取强地松月余，原蛋白（±）。其后又8次患肺炎，2次患肠炎，考虑激素耐药先后加用环磷酸胶及雷公藤，病情仍无改善。于第2次住…     

经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术对外周血单核细胞NF-κB活性的影响

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术是否激活外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)中核因子κB(NF-κB)活性的表达.方法:选择NF-κB基线时呈阴性反应的稳定型心绞痛患者50例,其中单纯造影组22例,支架治疗组28例.分别于冠脉造影或支架术后4 h及术后第1,2,3 d留取全血抗凝标本;采用凝胶电泳迁移率实验(EMSA)测定PBMCs中NF-κB的活性.结果:支架术程中NF-κB活性呈动态变化,于术后1 dNF-κB活性显著性升高呈阳性反应,术后2 d NF-κB活性达峰值,术后3 d NF-κB活性有下降,但仍保持在高水平表达状态.而造影组患者则没有NF-κB活性变化.结论:冠状动脉内支架术激活外周血单核细胞NF-κB活性.     

特发性右室流出道室速的昼夜发作规律及临床意义

目的：探讨特发性右室流出道室速的昼夜发作规律及临床意义,方法：对12例特发性右室流出道室速患者在基础状态进行动态心电图（Holter)监测,分别记录24h中每小时内心律失常发作频数及平均心率,了解室速,室早发作的昼夜规律,结果：基础状态下,室速,连发室早,平均心率在24h内呈不均一分布（P＜0．001）,其发作规律呈白天多,夜间少,单个室呈不均一分布,但整个差异无显著性,平均心率与室速,连发室早互正相关,单个室早与平均心率无相关性,结论：左室流出道室速患者24h内室速,连发病早呈明显的昼夜节律变化,提示特发性右室流出道室速的发生与交感迷走神经平衡失调有关。     

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in the early onset of coronary heart disease

Objective To assess the relationship between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and the early onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the effect of apoE on lipids and lipoproteins in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods Sixty-eight patients with CHD younger than 55 years (CHD1), 136 patients with CHD older than 65 years (CHD2), and 136 healthy subjects were enrolled, and their plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined. The apoE genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results apoE 3/4 genotype and E4 allele frequency in the CHD1 group were higher than those in the CHD2 group and healthy subjects, while no differences were found between CHD2 and healthy subjects. Meanwhile, the plasma levels of TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were higher in the CHD2 group than in both CHD1 group and healthy subjects.Each apoE isoprotein has variable TC and LDL-C levels that is E2 (E2/2+E2/3)＜E3(E3/3)&lt;E4(E4/4+E3/4). Conclusion apoE is one of the genetic factors that affect TC and LDL-C levels, and apoE 4 has a very close relation to CHD, suggesting that apoE 4 is an independent genetic factor of the early onset of CHD.