人参白虎汤对糖尿病大鼠心肌中Glu T4基因表达的影响

目的:观察人参白虎汤不同配伍组别及活性部位对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠肥大心肌中葡萄糖转运蛋白4(Glu T4)基因表达的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠,除正常对照组外,其余大鼠ip STZ(60 mg/kg)造成糖尿病模型后,随机分为9组,治疗组用人参白虎汤不同配伍组别及活性部位治疗共75 d.动物处死后取心肌组织,提取心肌组织总RNA,逆转录得到cDNA第一链,以此为模板进行PCR扩增,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和DNA银染技术分析心肌组织中Glu T4的基因表达.结果:与正常对照组相比,STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肥大心肌中,Glu T4基因表达下调.经人参白虎汤不同配伍组别(除人参知母组外)及其活性部位治疗后,心脏指数和心室指数与模型组相比均明显下降,Glu T4 mRNA表达上调.结论:人参白虎汤及其活性部位能上调STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠心肌中Glu T4 mRNA表达,防止糖尿病心肌病变的发生.     

Carnosine inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by histaminergic mechanisms in histidine decarboxylase knock-out mice

In the present study, we used both histidine decarboxylase-deficient (HDC-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to elucidate the possible role of carnosine in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. In the acute PTZ challenge study, PTZ (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce seizures. Carnosine (200, 500 or 1000 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased seizure stage, and prolonged the latency for myoclonic jerks in WT mice in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of carnosine (500 mg/kg) were time-dependent and reached a peak at 1 h. However, it had no significant effect on HDC-KO mice. Carnosine (500 mg/kg) also significantly elevated the thresholds in WT mice but not HDC-KO mice following intravenous (tail vein) administration of PTZ. We also found that α-fluoromethylhistidine substantially reversed the protective effects of carnosine in WT mice. In addition, carnosine pretreatment reduced the cortical EEG activity induced by PTZ (75 mg/kg, i.p.). These results indicate that carnosine can protect against PTZ-induced seizures and its action is mainly through the carnosine–histidine–histamine metabolic pathway. This suggests that carnosine may be an endogenous anticonvulsant factor in the brain and may be used as a new antiepileptic drug in the future.     

鲨肝活性肽的免疫调节和抗细胞凋亡作用

目的　为了选择鲨肝活性肽 (SHAP)临床应用的适应症并了解其作用机制。方法　分离培养人外周血单核细胞 (PBMC) ,检测SHAP对其分泌IFN α和IFN γ的影响 ;用环磷酰胺 (Cy)建立免疫低下模型 ,检测SHAP对免疫低下小鼠血清溶血素的生成及血清IL 2水平的影响 ;用流式细胞仪分析SHAP对对乙酰氨基酚 (AAP)诱导小鼠肝损伤模型中细胞凋亡的影响 :用Fas单克隆抗体诱导小鼠暴发性肝炎和抑制肝癌细胞株SMMC772 1的增殖 ,用SHAP处理后 ,分析小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)的水平及SMMC772 1增殖的变化情况。结果　SHAP能够有效诱导PBMC分泌IFN α和IFN γ ,促进免疫低下小鼠血清溶血素的生成和提高血清IL 2的水平 ,显著降低AAP诱导的肝细胞凋亡。 5 0mg·L- 1的SHAP可消除 5mg·L- 1Fas单克隆抗体对SMMC772 1增殖的抑制作用。 3mg·kg- 1的SHAP能显著降低Fas单克隆抗体诱导的暴发性肝炎小鼠的血清GPT水平。结论　SHAP具有免疫调节作用和抗细胞凋亡的作用 ,可能是SHAP防治肝炎的作用机制之一。     

内源性组胺参与吗啡调节戊四唑癫痫易感性过程

目的:研究吗啡对戊四唑(PTZ)癫痫易感性的调节作用,同时探讨内源性组胺在该调节过程中的作用。方法:在组氨酸脱羧酶(组胺合成关键酶)基因敲除及其相应野生型小鼠皮下注射不同剂量的吗啡,1h后以0.3ml/min的恒定速度尾静脉注射1.5%的化学致痫剂戊四唑,观察达到肌阵挛及全身性阵挛发作的阈值。结果:吗啡可以剂量依赖性地降低野生型小鼠达到肌阵挛及全身性阵挛发作的阈值,基因敲除型小鼠注射10mg/kg的吗啡后,达到肌阵挛发作的阈值从生理盐水组的(38.6±2.9)mg/kg降低到(32.5±0.7)mg/kg,具有显著性差异,而达到全身性阵挛发作的阈值从生理盐水组的(51.8±2.1)mg/kg降低到(47.6±1.2)mg/kg,没有统计学差异。另外,基因敲除鼠达到肌阵挛发作阈值的降低幅度(15.8±1.4)%及全身性阵挛发作阈值的降低幅度(8.3±0.9)%,都比野生型小鼠明显减少,分别为(26.1±2.5)%和(20.8±2.4)%。结论:吗啡可以降低戊四唑癫痫发作的阈值,从而增加癫痫的易感性,而内源性组胺参与了该过程。     

Lesion of the tuberomammillary nucleus E2-region attenuates postictal seizure protection in rats

Postictal seizure protection (PSP) is an endogenous anticonvulsant phenomenon that follows an epileptic seizure and inhibits the induction of further seizures. The tuberomammillary nucleus (TM), located in the posterior hypothalamus, consists of five subregions and is the sole source of histaminergic neurons in the brain. To determine whether the TM is involved in PSP in rats, we tested the effects of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the TM E2-region on seizures induced by intermittent maximal electroshock (MES). The TM E2-region lesions significantly attenuated PSP during the intermittent MES procedure. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (100 microg), a selective and irreversible histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, mimicked the attenuation of PSP induced by the lesion of TM E2-region. In addition, neurochemical experiments revealed that the TM E2-region lesions markedly decreased basal histamine levels in the cortex, hippocampus, brainstem and hypothalamus, but had no significant effect on basal glutamate and GABA levels. Moreover, intermittent MES induced a persistent decrease of brain histamine levels in both sham-operated and lesioned rats. These results indicate that through its intrinsic histaminergic system, the TM may exert powerful inhibitory function during the intermittent MES procedure and actively participate in the mechanisms of PSP.     

Unilateral low-frequency stimulation of central piriform cortex delays seizure development induced by amygdaloid kindling in rats

Low-frequency stimulation of the kindling site interferes with the course of kindling epileptogenesis. The present study examined the effect of unilateral low-frequency stimulation of the central piriform cortex on seizure development induced by amygdaloid kindling in rats. The ipsilateral or contralateral central piriform cortex received low-frequency stimulation (15 min train of 0.1 ms pulses at 1 Hz and 50-150 muA) immediately after termination of once daily kindling stimulation (2 s train of 1 ms pulses at 60 Hz and 150-300 microA) in the right amygdala for 30 days. Low-frequency stimulation of either the ipsilateral or contralateral central piriform cortex significantly suppressed the progression of seizure stages and reduced afterdischarge duration throughout the course of amygdaloid kindling. The marked suppression induced by low-frequency stimulation of the central piriform cortex on either side was predominantly due to the significant retardation of progression from stage 0 to stage 1 and stage 3 to stage 4 seizures. In addition, the suppressive effect of low-frequency stimulation did not disappear when the stimulation was stopped; it could persist for at least 10 days. These findings indicate that brain areas other than the kindling focus, such as the central piriform cortex on both sides, can also be used as reasonable targets for low-frequency stimulation to retard seizure development induced by amygdaloid kindling. Secondly, like the ipsilateral central piriform cortex, the contralateral central piriform cortex may also participate in the progression and secondary generalization of focal seizures. The study suggests that unilateral low-frequency stimulation of the central piriform cortex may have a significant antiepileptogenic effect, and may be helpful for exploring effective and long-lasting therapies for human temporal lobe epilepsy.     

Pyrrole alkaloids from Bolbostemma Paniculatum

Three pyrrole alkaloids were isolated from Bolbostemma paniculatum. Their structures were elucidated as 4-(2-formyl-5-methoxymethylpyrrol-1-yl)butyric acid methyl ester (1), 2-(2-formyl-5-methoxymethylpyrrol-1-yl)-3-phenylpropionic acid methyl ester (2) and α-methyl pyrrole ketone (3) by spectroscopic techniques. Among them, 1 and 2 are new compounds.     

U—73122对猪子宫平滑肌细胞和胰腺β细胞株RINm5F的电压依赖…

目的：研究Ｕ－７３１２２对细胞内钙离子浓度和电压依赖性钙通道的作用。方法 用Ｆｕａ－２荧光测定胞浆钙浓度和用穿孔膜片箝记录全细胞钙电流。结果：Ｕ－７３１２２呈剂量相关明显地降低ＲＩＮｍ５Ｆ细胞与子宫平滑肌细胞的去极化诱导的钙电流，并抑制ＫＣｌ诱导的与Ｂａｙ－Ｋ－８６４４诱导的胞浆钙浓度的增加。Ｕ－７３１２２的这种作用对子宫平滑肌细胞要比ＲＩＮｍ５Ｆ细胞强，而一种非磷脂酶Ｃ抑制剂Ｕ－３１２２类似物Ｕ     

卡介菌多糖的分离纯化与药效研究

目的：分离纯化和鉴定卡介苗素中的多糖，并检测其药效。方法：采用羟基磷灰石吸附柱进行分离和纯化，紫外扫描、薄层和气相色谱等方法进行纯度和组成鉴定，小鼠迟发型变态反应和血清溶血素试验检测其免疫调节作用，豚鼠引喘试验检测其平喘作用。结果：得到白色粉末状的卡介茵多糖(BCG-polysaccharide，BCG-PSA)，经紫外扫描、薄层色谱和电泳试验都证实其为均一成分，分子量约为33000。经薄层色谱及气相色谱确证其单糖主要为D-葡萄糖，属均多糖类。口服卡介茵多糖有提高正常小鼠和环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠DTH强度和溶血素反应的趋势，但各组间无显著性差异。口服卡介茵多糖能够显著延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期。结论：采用羟基磷灰石法获得纯化的BCG-PSA具有免疫增强作用和平喘作用。