读书报告活动中指导学生撰写医学文综述

在以往对八年制医学生开展读书报告活动的基础上,2007年,北京大学医学部病理生理学教研室首次专门为医学生讲述如何撰写医学文献综述.教师首先具体介绍什么是文献综述,进而通过列举实例详尽讲述文献综述的构成,并教授医学生文献检索和利用网络资源的技巧和方法.通过此次讲述,2004级八学制学生在文献综述撰写中出现的问题较以往有所减少,使其对文献综述的撰写更为得心应手.     

脓毒血症大鼠肝脏血红素加氧酶的变化及作用

目的 :探讨脓毒血症时肝脏血红素加氧酶 (HO)的变化及作用。方法 :盲肠结扎穿孔法复制大鼠腹膜炎脓毒血症模型 ,术后 9h和 18h测心功能指标及血压 ,取肝脏测 HO活性和 MDA含量 ,NorthernBlot测 HO- 1m RNA表达。腹腔注射锌原卟啉 IX(Zn PPIX)抑制 HO活性。结果 :9h组心功能指标及血压无明显变化 ,MDA含量增加 4 9.2 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;18h组血压下降、心功能降低 ,MDA含量升高14 1.6% (P<0 .0 1)。 9h组与 18h组 HO- 1m RNA表达分别比对照组增加 78.2 %与 83.1% ,HO活性分别比对照组升高 112 .5 % (P<0 .0 1)与 12 0 .6% (P<0 .0 1) ;应用 Zn PPIX后 ,9h组与 18h组 HO活性比未用抑制剂时分别降低 5 2 .4 % (P<0 .0 1)与 5 1.0 (P<0 .0 1) ,MDA含量分别比未用抑制剂组增高4 8.5 %与 5 6.7% ;结论 :脓毒血症时肝脏 HO- 1m RNA表达增加、HO活性增强 ,在此病理过程中 HO具有抗氧化损伤作用     

A型肉毒素对兔失副交感神经颌下腺唾液分泌的影响

BTX-A后1、2、4、12周时,静息状态颌下腺分泌量均较失副交感神经的对侧分别减少38.8%、56.5%、47.7%和38.6%,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);进食状态颌下腺分泌量均较失副交感神经的对侧减少,1周时减少46.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分泌液中淀粉酶、钠、钾、氯离子及蛋白浓度无明显变化.结论 兔失副交感神经颌下腺内局部注射BTX-A可以抑制颌下腺的分泌.     

下颌下腺保存治疗新技术体系的建立与应用

The saliva secreted from submandibular gland (SMG) accounts for 60%-65%. It plays an important role in maintaining the human function of swallow, digestion, testing, speech, protection of oral mucosa, and prevention from dental carries. The SMG is frequently resected during the treatment for various kinds of oral and maxillofacial diseases, resulting in xerostomia and decreased quality of life. During the past 15 years, Research Center of Salivary Gland Diseases in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology conducted a series of studies on new techniques for preservation of SMG and achieved remarkable results. The clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) were clarified based on systematic studies. The results of studies on the pathogenesis of IgG4-RS showed that unbalance of inflammatory factors mediated the abnormality of secretion of SMG. IL-4 participates in occurring and development of glandular fibrosis of SMG. Regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cleaning of senescent cells might be taken as the targets for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents showed effective results for treating IgG4-RS, clinical remission was achieved in all the patients, serum IgG4 levels decreased, and salivary gland secretion significantly increased. Sialoendoscopy-assisted sialolithectomy was applied in the treatment of about 1 000 cases with submandibular hilar calculi with a success rate of more than 90%. Transfer of SMG was used for prevention from radiation-induced xerostomia in the patients with head and neck carcinoma. SMG was transferred to the submental region before radiotherapy and was kept away from the ra-diation field. The results of prospective clinical controlled study showed this technique could effectively preserve the function of SMG and prevent from xerostomia. Based on the micro-anatomical study on the blood vessels and ducts of SMG, partial sialoadenectomy was applied for treatment of benign tumors in the SMG. A clinical controlled study confirmed its safety for control of the tumors and its advantage of preservation of SMG function. The studies on the involvement of SMG in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) provided the anatomical and histopathological basis for preservation of SMG during neck dissection for early cases with OSCC. A innovated surgical modality "four preservations including SMG" was used during the neck dissection for the early cases with OSCC. A prospective randomized clinical controlled study confirmed its safety, feasibility, effectiveness for control of the carcinoma, and advantages of preservation of SMG function.     

开展读书报告活动深化医学教学改革

在对八年制医学教育的教学改革中,本教研室连续2年开展读书报告活动。教师介绍读书报告的书写要求和方法,并教授学生文献检索和利用网络资源的技巧和方法,学生利用业余时间查阅文献、通过小组讨论明确读书报告的题目和研究方向,最终完成读书报告的撰写,该活动促进了学生多种能力的培养。     

Gq/11蛋白在缺血再灌注和缺血预处理中的作用

刺激血管紧张素Ⅱ（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎⅡ，ＡｎｇⅡ）、血栓素Ａ２等多种细胞膜受体，可激活Ｇｑ／１１蛋白。通过增加磷脂酶Ｃ（ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＣ，ＰＬＣ）活性，产生细胞内信使三磷酸肌醇和二脂酰甘油。三磷酸肌醇可促进细胞内储存的钙释放，二脂酰甘...     

牛磺酸对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制探讨

离体大鼠心脏灌流模型的实验表明，牛磺酸除明显减轻再灌注心肌的钙超载和脂质过氧化外，还显著改善心肌肌浆网（ＳＲ）的钙转运功能，牛磺酸使肌浆网的钙─三磷酸腺苷酶活性较缺血／再灌注组升高１．１１倍，摄钙初速率和最大摄钙量分别升高６１．７±１．１％和４０．９±６．４％。牛磺酸可直接拮抗氧自由基灌流导致的心肌细胞和ＳＲ的损伤，对离休ＳＲ无直接作用，对心肌局部的肾素─血管紧张素系统也未见有影响。研究结果显示，牛磺酸的心肌保护作用还与其降低再灌注时心肌的脂质过氧化有关。     

读书报告活动中指导学生撰写医学文综述

在以往对八年制医学生开展读书报告活动的基础上,2007年,北京大学医学部病理生理学教研室首次专门为医学生讲述如何撰写医学文献综述.教师首先具体介绍什么是文献综述,进而通过列举实例详尽讲述文献综述的构成,并教授医学生文献检索和利用网络资源的技巧和方法.通过此次讲述,2004级八学制学生在文献综述撰写中出现的问题较以往有所减少,使其对文献综述的撰写更为得心应手.     

读书报告活动中指导学生撰写医学文综述

在以往对八年制医学生开展读书报告活动的基础上,2007年,北京大学医学部病理生理学教研室首次专门为医学生讲述如何撰写医学文献综述.教师首先具体介绍什么是文献综述,进而通过列举实例详尽讲述文献综述的构成,并教授医学生文献检索和利用网络资源的技巧和方法.通过此次讲述,2004级八学制学生在文献综述撰写中出现的问题较以往有所减少,使其对文献综述的撰写更为得心应手.     

开设医学综合性实验初探

随着机能实验中心的成立，综合性实验的开设迫在眉睫。本文通过对一例综合性实验的开展情况进行具体分析，阐述了在医学实验教学改革中的体会，为今后开设更多、更好的综合性实验提供了帮助。