台州市功能性消化不良的流行病学现状调查及影响因素分析

目的 探讨台州市功能性消化不良的流行病学现状及影响因素。方法 回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年2月浙江省台州医院收治的功能性消化不良患者200例，统计患者的一般资料，分析该病的流行病学现状，对功能性消化不良的影响因素进行单因素分析，然后将差异有统计学意义的因素再进一步纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 200例功能性消化不良患者中，女性发病率高于男性；30~60岁年龄段群体，患病率最高；存在暴饮暴食、喜食烫食、挑食、多食酸制品、未准时进食、常食宵夜、睡眠时间<6h、有药物过敏史、有功能性消化不良家族史、存在便秘情况者的患病率均高于未存在以上情况者，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，性别、年龄、暴饮暴食、喜食烫食、挑食、多食酸制品、未准时进食、宵夜摄取情况、每天睡眠时间、药物过敏史、家族史、便秘是该病患病率升高的主要影响因素。结论 性别、年龄、暴饮暴食、喜食烫食、挑食、酸制品、未准时进食情况、宵夜摄取情况、每天睡眠时间、药物过敏史、家族史、便秘是功能性消化不良的主要影响因素。     

Dry eye signs and symptoms in aromatase inhibitor treatment and the relationship with pain

PurposeAromatase inhibitors (AIs) limit the synthesis of oestrogen in peripheral tissues thus lowering levels of oestrogen. The primary aim was to evaluate whether women treated with AIs have altered dry eye symptoms and signs. A sub-aim was to investigate whether symptoms of dry eye in postmenopausal women were associated with symptoms of non-eye pain, ocular pain and self-rated pain perception.MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational, single visit study recruited 56 postmenopausal women (mean age 64.1 + 7.9 years) and 52 undergoing AI treatment (mean age 66.6 + 9.0). Ocular symptoms (OSDI, MGD14) and pain questionnaires (PSQ, OPAS) were administered and signs of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction were evaluated.ResultsAlmost half of each group reported dry eye symptoms, defined as OSDI>12 (48% control, 46% AI). The PSQ score was significantly higher in the AI group (p = 0.04). Neither frequency or severity of dry eye (or MGD) symptoms scores were significantly different between groups. In the AI group, meibomian gland expressibility score was worse (p = 0.003); there were no differences in any other signs. Higher OSDI scores were associated with higher OPAS eye-pain scores (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), but not OPAS non-eye pain (r = 0.09, p = 0.35). Pain perception (PSQ) showed a moderate positive association with OPAS eye-pain (r = 0.30, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study elevated ocular symptoms were observed in both the AI treated and the untreated groups, with no difference between the groups. Women undergoing AI treatment for early stage breast cancer had worse meibum expressibility score and increased pain perception compared to an untreated group of women.     

镇江市护士分层培训及分层进阶现况分析

目的调查镇江市各医院护士分层培训及分层进阶的方法及现状。方法2018年4—5月间采用自行设计的调查问卷,对全市医院的护理人员进行随机抽样调查。结果调查显示镇江市96.45%的护士受医院分层培训及分层进阶这一模式的管理。其中N1占16.77%,N2占29.5%,N3占41.9%,N4占8.7%,其他占3.11%。有24.53%的护士对医院目前的分层培训方式感到满意并认为无需改进,40.99%的护士表示满意,但需要改进,29.19%的护士表示基本满意,需要改进,5.28%的护士表示不满意需要较大改进。95.82%的医院科室对不用层级的护士有不同的核心能力要求并根据不同核心能力要求进行培训。结论护士分层培训几分层进阶这一管理模式在镇江各医院都有体现,但各医院实行的方式有较大差异,配套的管理方式也有待完善。     

环子孢子蛋白基因检测法对1例间日疟病例的溯源

对2014年1例初诊为河南省本地感染的间日疟病例进行实验室检测与流行病学溯源调查,以明确其感染来源。收集该病例的流行病学资料,分别采用厚薄血膜吉氏染色法、疟疾快速诊断试纸(RDT)法和巢式PCR法检查患者外周血液,并对其环子孢子蛋白(CSP)基因序列进行分析。流行病学调查显示,该患者曾于2013年5月至缅甸停留约1周,同年6月发病,确诊为间日疟,经青蒿琥酯治疗后,疟原虫转阴,症状消失。CSP基因序列分析显示,该患者前后两次发病时的血样扩增出的CSP序列的中央重复区完全一致,与缅甸分离株(Gen Bank登录号为ABS95455和ABS95456)的序列一致性分别为95.1%和100%,与2个河南分离株HN3和HN7(登录号为KP888996和KP889000)的序列一致性分别为88.8%和67.1%。推测该病例为输入性间日疟复发病例。     

昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎流行特征及趋势分析

目的分析昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎的流行特征和流行趋势,为科学制定防控策略提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法,统计昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎的发病情况,分析其流行特征和趋势。结果昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2015年达到发病高峰,其发病率高达32.80/10万,总体上2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎发病率呈现上升趋势,且肝炎和丙肝以官渡区、五华区和西山区为主要的高发地区;无明显的季节性特点,四季均有发病;易发生丙型病毒性肝炎的人群为35~50岁的农民和家务及待业人员。结论昆明市丙型病毒性肝炎发病状况并不乐观,应加强丙肝防控力度,重点关注高发地区和高发人群,通过有效举措控制丙型病毒性肝炎的发病率。     

河南省部分地区人群血吸虫病血清学初步调查

目的初步了解河南省血吸虫病感染情况和潜在的流行因素。方法选择四个县的人群进行流行病学调查并采用IHA方法检测调查人群的血清抗体。结果共调查四个县的848人,未发现血吸虫抗体阳性者;人群血吸虫病防治知识贫乏。结论河南省仍然为血吸虫病非流行区,但需加强血吸虫病健康教育知识的普及。     

Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary calcium intake in the general population

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing dietary calcium intake in the general population, since all available questionnaires at present are age- and/or gender-specific. A total of 1001 individuals (including children, adults, and elderly people of both genders) were randomly recruited throughout Greece. Estimates of calcium intake from the 30-item FFQ were compared with those from a multi-pass 24-h recall. The FFQ underestimated mean calcium intake compared to the 24-h recall by (mean±SD) –133±333 mg/day or –5.4±47.6% (P<0.001). The two methods were strongly correlated (r=0.639, P<0.001), but the 95% limits of agreement for individual assessment were rather wide, as the FFQ could provide estimates of calcium intake from 533 mg/day above to 799 mg/day below the 24-h recall. Actual values for surrogate FFQ quartiles manifested a progressive increase, with significant differences between mean calcium intakes (P<0.001). The FFQ could identify individuals who consumed less calcium than 800 mg/day or less than the age-specific adequate intake with a relatively high sensitivity (82.8 and 95.5%, respectively), but low specificity (54.9 and 34.1%, respectively). Cross-classification analysis indicated that only 17 subjects (1.7%) were grossly misclassified (lowest quartile for one method and highest quartile for the other), while 827 subjects (82.6%) were correctly classified (into the same or adjacent quartiles). The FFQ could be used in population-based epidemiological studies or screening programs involving individuals of all ages and both genders, where the discrimination of subjects with relatively low (<500 mg/day) and relatively high (>1000 mg/day) calcium intakes is of primary interest. Results, however, do not support its use for the quantitative assessment of individual calcium intakes.