补肾排毒合剂治疗慢性肾衰竭营养不良60例临床观察

目的:观察补肾排毒合剂治疗慢性肾衰竭营养不良的疗效.方法:90例慢性肾衰竭营养不良患者随机分为治疗组60例和对照组30例,并设健康对照组30例.治疗组和对照组在综合治疗的基础上,治疗组加用补肾排毒合剂,对照组加用爱西特和百令胶囊.比较两组肾功能、营养状态和血浆瘦素、神经肽Y的变化.结果:治疗组治疗后BUN、Scr明显降低,与治疗前及对照组相比均有统计学差异(P<0.05).治疗组营养状态好转,与治疗前及对照组相比均有统计学差异(P<0.05).两组慢性肾衰竭营养不良患者治疗前Leptin、NPY水平均高于健康组(P<0.05),治疗后治疗组Leptin、NPY较治疗前下降,有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与对照组相比无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:补肾排毒合剂治疗慢性肾衰竭营养不良疗效明显,可降低BUN、Scr,改善营养不良状态.     

神经肽Y与癫痫相关性的研究进展

现已公认,癫痫的发病主要是由于中枢神经系统兴奋性机制与抑制性机制失衡从而导致兴奋性异常增高所致。主要的兴奋性递质和抑制性递质分别是谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）。在大脑新皮层和海马，产生内源性GABA的是一种中间神经元。在中枢神经系统中，有相当数量的不同类型的中间神经元是以它们各自所表达的一系列神经肽的不同而被区分，而中间神经元在调节中枢神经兴奋性的过程中，神经肽起着非常关键的作用。     

神经肽Y对心肌蛋白质合成的影响及其意义

用~3H-亮氨酸参入法与放射免疫分析法分别测定大鼠心肌蛋白质合成速度与心脏组织中神经肽Y(NPY)含量。结果显示NPY能显著促进心肌蛋白质合成,其最大效应较去甲肾上腺素(NE)大35%,所需浓度是NE的1/100。心肌梗塞后非梗塞区组织内NPY的含量在2天时无显著改变,15天时则降低71%,提示2～15天期间该区域NPY释放增加,此为非梗塞区心肌肥大的机制之一     

Changes in the levels of neuropeptide Y-LI in the external jugular vein in connection with vasoconstriction following subarachnoid haemorrhage in man

Summary NPY is a putative neurotransmitter mainly co-localized with noradrenaline in sympathetic fibers which innervate the cerebral vasculature. The origin of most of the perivascular NPY fibers seems to be in the superior cervical ganglion. To investigate involvement of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) mechanisms in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), twenty patients with SAH were investigated. NPY-LI (-like immunoreactivity) levels in the external jugular vein were assessed using radioimmunoassay in blood samples collected postoperatively (or after SAH in non-surgical patients) on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9. These levels were compared with the clinical course and blood flow velocity changes monitored with ultrasonic Doppler equipment from both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and both internal carotid arteries (ICA).Compared to NPY-LI levels in 14 controls (mean 116±3 pmol/ l), increased levels (up to 253 pmol/l) and a close relationship between velocities and NPY-LI levels were found in a subpopulation of the SAH patients. When comparing the mean haemodynamic index (V MCA/ipsilateral V ICA) and mean NPY-LI levels in each of the 20 patients, a correlation of r=0.75, p=0.0001 was found. Increased NPY-LI were found (131±8 pmol/l) when simultaneous Doppler velocity recordings showed vasoconstriction (Haemodynamic index >5) compared with samples taken when the haemodynamic index was <5, p<0.05. When MCA velocity exceeded 120 cm/sec, increased levels were found (129±9 pmol/l) compared with the conditions when MCA velocity was less than 120 cm/sec (113±5 pmol/ l), p=0.06. The results indicate a possible NPY involvement in cerebral vasoconstriction after SAH.     

Direct excitatory effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on rat hippocampal neurones in vitro

Intracellular recordings from granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus show neuropeptide Y (NPY) applied by pressure ejection from pipettes containing 1.2-12 microM by pressures of less than 200 kPa for 1-5 s in duration to consistently evoke membrane depolarisations accompanied by a reduction in membrane resistance. The depolarisations were accompanied by an increase in excitability. Since the depolarisations evoked by NPY were not attenuated by either tetrodotoxin or kynurenic acid a direct excitatory action of NPY is postulated.     

椎动脉型颈椎病患者中缩血管活性肽类物质的变化及意义

目的　探索缩血管活性肽类物质在椎动脉型颈椎病发病时的变化情况及病理意义。方法　椎动脉型颈椎病治疗组 30例 ,正常组 30例 ,椎动脉型颈椎病患者均采用中医手法治疗。正常组和治疗组患者分别在治疗前和治疗后空腹取静脉血进行神经肽类物质NPY、ET、CGRP、ANP放射免疫检测。结果　治疗前椎动脉型颈椎病患者的血浆NPY、ET、ANP明显高于正常组 ,而CGRP的含量则低于正常组 (P <0 0 5) ;经过治疗后患者的血浆NPY、ET、ANP含量降低 ,CGRP的含量升高 ,与治疗前比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5)。结论　缩血管活性肽类物质在椎动脉型颈椎病发病时可能起重要的神经 体液调节作用     

Cholecystokinin and neuropeptide Y receptors on single rabbit vagal afferent ganglion neurons: site of prejunctional modulation of visceral sensory neurons

A [¹²⁵I]cholecystokinin (CCK) analog and [¹²⁵I]peptide YY (PYY) were used to localize and characterize CCK and neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor binding sites in the rabbit vagal afferent (nodose) ganglion. High concentrations of CCK and NPY binding sites were observed in 10.6% and 9.2% of the nodose ganglion neurons, respectively. Pharmacological experiments using CCK or NPY analogs suggest that both subtypes of CCK (CCK-A and CCK-B) and NPY (Y1 and Y2) receptor binding sites are expressed by discrete populations of neurons in the nodose ganglion. These results suggest sites at which CCK or NPY, released in either the nucleus of the solitary tract or a peripheral tissue, may modulate the release of neurotransmitters from a select population of visceral primary afferent neurons. Possible functions mediated by these receptors include modulation of satiety, opiate analgesia, and the development of morphine tolerance.     

Co-localization of SCPB-like and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivities in crustacean nervous systems

A monoclonal antibody to the molluscan small cardioactive peptide SCPB and a polyclonal antibody to FMRFamide were used to localize antigens in the stomatogastric nervous system and brain of two species of Cancer. Both antibodies labeled cell bodies, axons, and neuropilar processes in the brain and in the stomatogastric nervous system. All of the SCPB immunoreactive neurons were co-labeled with antibody to FMRFamide. However, antibody to FMRFamide labeled additional neurons of the commissural ganglion and the brain that were not immunoreactive to the monoclonal SCPB antibody.     

大鼠旁巨细胞外侧核的免疫细胞化学特性的研究

用免疫细胞化学ＰＡＰ法研究了５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）、Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）、亮氨酸脑啡肽（Ｌ－ＥＮＫ）和神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）阳性神经元在大鼠旁巨细胞外侧核（ＰＧＣＬ）的分布。结果表明：５－ＨＴ、ＳＰ和Ｌ－ＥＮＫ阳性细胞较多，从ＰＧＣＬ的吻端至尾端呈柱状分布，５－ＨＴ阳性细胞较靠近延髓腹侧表面和内侧，ＳＰ和ＬＥＮＫ阳性细胞分布的范围较广，靠近外侧；ＮＰＹ阳性细胞较少，多集中在ＰＧＣＬ的尾侧至中分的区域。     

Early nerve regeneration after Achilles tendon rupture — a prerequisite for healing? A study in the rat

Nerve regeneration during healing of Achilles tendon rupture in the rat was studied by immunohistochemistry including semi-quantitative assessment. Neuronal markers for regenerating and mature fibers, ie., growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), respectively, were analyzed at different time points (1-16 weeks) post-rupture. In the paratenon, both the ruptured and intact contralateral tendon (control) consistently exhibited immunoreactivity to the two neuronal markers. However, in the proper tendinous tissue only the ruptured tendon showed immunoreactivity to GAP-43 and PGP 9.5. This expression was seen already at week 1 post-rupture to reach a peak at week 6 followed by a successive drop till week 16. Also the occurrence of sensory and autonomic fibers according to immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), respectively, was analyzed. CGRP-positivity was abundantly seen from weeks 2-6 in both perivascular and sprouting free nerve endings in the proper tendon tissue undergoing healing. NPY appeared later, at weeks 6-8 post-rupture around blood vessels mainly located in the surrounding loose connective tissue. Apart from a role in vasoaction (CGRP, vasodilatory; NPY, vasoconstrictory). both neuropeptides have been implicated in fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation required for angiogenesis. The present study shows that early healing of ruptured tendons is characterized by an orchestrated, temporal appearance of nerve fibers expressing peptides with different actions. The observed pattern of neuronal regeneration and neuropeptide expression may prove to be important for normal connective tissue healing.