罂粟碱对大鼠单胺神经递质的影响

本文报道用高效液相色谱-电化学检测器方法,研究了罂粟碱对大鼠脑内及心脏单胺神经递质代谢的影响。结果表明:罂粟碱能显著增加大鼠纹状体及边缘区多巴胺代谢物二羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)和高香草酸(HVA),升高约50-70%。5-羟色胺代谢物5-羟吲哚醋酸(5HIAA)增加约30%,而对脑及心脏内的单胺递质本身含量未见有明显影响。     

柴地合方对慢性应激大鼠大脑前额皮质和海马单胺类神经递质的影响

目的：研究柴地合方对脑组织单胺递质含量的影响，探讨其抗抑郁作用可能的机制。方法：复制大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型，慢性给予柴地合方，采用高效液相色谱系统(HPLC)加电化学检测器(ECD)检测前额皮质和海马组织中单胺类神经递质及相关代谢产物的含量。结果：慢性应激大鼠前额皮质中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5羟色胺(5—HT)和3，4—二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)含量显著降低，柴地合方可以翻转这种降低；慢性应激大鼠海马中NE、5—HT含量显著降低，柴地合方可以部分逆转降低水平。结论：柴地合方可升高慢性应激模型大鼠前额皮质和海马中NE和5—HT水平，这可能是其抗抑郁的机制之一。     

全脑缺血后海马区单胺类神经递质的变化

目的观察全脑缺血后大鼠海马区单胺类神经递质的变化规律,探讨其在缺血后迟发性神经元死亡中的作用。方法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型,观察全脑缺血再灌注后酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、多巴胺-β-羟化酶(DβH)的表达并对海马区去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和单胺类神经递质代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-H IAA)的含量进行测定。结果对照组TH及DβH呈阴性表达。全脑缺血再灌注后1 d,3 d缺血组海马CA1区神经元TH及DβH表达阴性。5 d后神经元TH及DβH呈阳性表达;全脑缺血再灌注后6 h,缺血组海马区单胺类神经递质含量显著上升,NE、肾上腺素、多巴胺及5-HT分别为对照组的232.5%、347.3%、336.1%和210.1%,1 d后开始回落,3 d已明显低于对照组,5 d后又有回升并接近对照组;缺血组,海马区单胺类神经递质的代谢产物HVA、5-H IAA含量于全脑缺血再灌注后6 h开始上升,1 d依然保持较高的水平,至3 d回落,5 d接近对照组。结论全脑缺血再灌注后早期海马区单胺类神经递质含量显著上升;单胺类神经递质含量显著上升可能是导致迟发性神经元死亡的主要因素之一。     

癫痫持续状态大鼠的蓝斑组织化学与图像分析研究

作者用马桑内酯致大鼠癫痫持续状态,取蓝斑用荧光组织化学方法显示去甲肾上腺素(NA),并用显微摄影自动曝光时间和图像分析两种方法测定荧光强度。结果:均显示大脑皮质包埋马桑内酯微粒的大鼠癫痫持续发作6小时后,蓝斑中NA荧光增强。用单胺氧化酶组化和图像分析法观察到该处酶活性增强。观察到在癫痫持续状态时NA起了一定的调控作用。     

Urinary output of endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor and isatin during acute migraine attacks

Summary Urinary output of endogenous monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity, was significantly raised in serial samples collected across a migraine attack compared with collections during attack-free periods and in healthy controls, which did not differ from each other. There was a highly significant correlation in output between isatin, a major fraction of the MAO inhibitory activity, and output of the MAO inhibitory activity itself. However, although there was a tendency towards increased isatin excretion during migraine attacks, it failed to reach statistical significance.     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导为神经细胞的研究

本实验观察了大鼠MSCs向神经细胞方向的诱导分化情况,以期为MSCs在神经移植领域的临床应用提供理论基础。用含10 ng／ml bFGF+20％FBS的DMEM对MSCs进行预诱导24 h后,以含200μmol／L的BHA+2％DMSO的无血清DMEM对MSCs进行诱导,观察诱导后细胞的光、电镜形态学变化,通过免疫组织化学法对诱导后细胞进行神经细胞表型及神经递质合成酶鉴定。结果显示:MSCs经BHA和DMSO诱导后,80％以上的细胞表现出神经元样形态,胞浆内可见较多Nissl体,并表达nestin、NSE、NF、MAP、SYN,部分诱导后的细胞表达ChAT、TH、GAD;电镜下观察,诱导后细胞核大而圆,核仁明显,胞浆内细胞器发达,可见大量粗面内质网和游离核糖体。提示,MSCs体外可被诱导分化为神经元样细胞,诱导后的细胞有合成某些神经递质的能力并具有发育早期神经元的超微结构特点。     

PEPTIDES AS NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN VASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEURONS

1. Neuropeptides are present in the majority of autonomic neurons projecting to blood vessels, where they are co-localized with non-peptide transmitters and sometimes with other peptides. 2. Neuropeptides are released from vasoconstrictor and vasodilator nerve terminals after high frequency stimulation (>2–5 Hz) with trains of impulses. 3. Neuropeptides can have potent post-synaptic effects on vascular tone, but often these effects are restricted to selected regions of the vasculature. 4. Post-synaptic effects of neuropeptides tend to be more slowly-developing and more long-lasting than those of non-peptide transmitters. 5. Autonomic vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses often have multiple phases, with the faster phases being mediated by non-peptide transmitters and the slower phases mediated predominantly by one or more neuropeptides. 6. Some neuropeptides do not seem to have post-synaptic effects in a particular vascular bed, but can have presynaptic actions on neurotransmitter release. 7. Neuropeptides form an important component of the repertoire of neurotransmitters used by vascular autonomic neurons to regulate regional blood flow in response to a range of physiological stimuli.     

Control of feeding and sexual behaviors by neuropeptide Y: physiological implications

Recent evidence suggests that a variety of hypothalamic neuropeptides may mediate interneuronal communication to coordinate diverse neuroendocrine and behavioral functions. In this work, we describe the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on feeding and sexual behaviors. We observed that central administration of bolus NPY stimulated a robust, dose-related feeding response in satiated male and female rats. Continuous NPY receptor activation also evoked dose-related, intermittent feeding in a manner normally observed during nocturnal feeding. It appears that the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus may be the primary site of NPY action because the anticipated reciprocal changes in NPY concentrations, in response to food deprivation followed by ad libitum food intake, occurred only in this site. Additional findings revealed that NPY-induced feeding may follow either substantial reduction or complete restraint of an inhibitory influence on feeding mediated by alpha 2-adrenoreceptor systems in satiated rats. Further, NPY was found to suppress male and female sexual behaviors. The suppressive effects on sexual behavior were apparent prior to or at the time of the onset of feeding after NPY administration. These observations may provide a neurochemical basis for clinical and animal studies on disorders of feeding associated with diminished reproductive functions.     

绞股蓝总皂甙(GPS)对大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能的影响及其与去甲肾上腺素及皮质酮的关系(英文)

本文以神经内分泌免疫调节网络学说及祖国医学的整体观为指导思想,研究观察了我国民间常用草药绞股蓝的活性成分——绞股蓝总皂甙(GPS)对大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能的影响及其与下丘脑,脾脏去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及血浆皮质酮的相互关系,结果表明,大鼠ip GPS,10及20 mg·kg·d~(-1)共7d,其脾细胞对丝裂原Con A诱导的增殖反应明显增强,以10 mg·kg·d~(-1)剂量组更为显著,同时,以高效液相色谱电化学检测器测定单胺类神经递质的结果表明,下丘脑NE含量下降,脾脏NE亦明显降低,与脾细胞增殖反应呈负相关;此外,血浆皮质酮水平下降,结果提示,GPS对免疫反应的影响,与作用于神经内分泌免疫调节网络,进而发挥免疫增强作用具有密切关系。     

卒中后抑郁患者的认知功能、自主神经功能及血浆单胺类神经递质水平的相关性

目的探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者认知功能、自主神经功能与血浆单胺类神经递质水平的相关性。方法对33例PSD患者(PSD组)和33名健康对照者(正常对照组)进行事件相关电位(ERP)、交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)和血浆单胺类神经递质水平的测定;对检测结果进行Pearson多元相关分析。结果与正常对照组比较,PSD组ERP(P300、N400、CNV及MMN)、SSR各波潜伏期明显延长(均P<0.01),波幅明显下降(均P<0.01);血浆单胺类神经递质水平明显降低(均P<0.01)。PSD组各项指标间均具有相关性(P<0.05～0.01)。结论PSD患者血浆单胺类神经递质水平降低与其认知功能及自主神经功能障碍相关。