姜黄素激活Nrf2抗氧化系统缓解百草枯诱导的胰岛素抵抗

目的：观察姜黄素是否具有改善百草枯（ paraquat,PQ）所致氧化应激诱导的胰岛素抵抗作用并探讨其改善胰岛素抵抗的效应机理。方法将实验小鼠随机分成对照组（ Control组）,百草枯组（ PQ组）以及PQ加姜黄素组（ Cur组）。 PQ和Cur组连续腹腔注射百草枯7天造模成功后。 Cur组继续Cur灌胃干预。7天后,取胰岛素敏感组织肌肉,用蛋白免疫印迹方法（ Western blot,WB）检测蛋白水平和磷酸化变化,并检测脂质过氧化指标MDA。结果在PQ诱导的小鼠胰岛素抵抗模型中,姜黄素可改善小鼠葡萄糖耐量并对抗 PQ 所致的胰岛素信号蛋白 PKB－Ser473磷酸化损害;姜黄素还可明显降低肌肉MDA水平,激活小鼠Nrf2系统,促进Nrf2核转位和NQO－1的表达,同时能增强IкBα的水平,缓解氧化应激及炎症反应。结论姜黄素通过增强内源性Nrf2系统功能和胰岛素信号水平,对抗PQ诱导的氧化应激,是其缓解胰岛素抵抗的重要机理。     

基于拉曼光谱技术的肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对氧化损伤人精子DNA的保护作用

【目的】基于拉曼光谱技术,探讨肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对Fenton’s试剂诱导人精子氧化损伤的保护作用。【方法】体外建立氧化损伤精子模型,给予肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷(剂量分别为0.1、0.01、0.001μg/mL）保护处理后,采用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱技术,检测分析精子核部DNA的变化情况。【结果】 Fenton’s试剂致使人精子细胞核拉曼光谱的强度和峰位移发生显著变化,给予肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷保护处理后,这种变化被抑制,且呈一定的剂量相关性。【结论】肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对氧化损伤人精子DNA具有一定的保护作用。     

甲肿与非甲肿学龄儿童甲状腺功能及抗氧化能力的研究

目的 进一步了解甲状腺肿对甲状腺功能和抗氧化能力的影响。方法 分别在沈阳地区的新民、法库和康平三县对甲肿与非甲肿各40例学龄儿童的抗氧化能力（SOD和GSH－Px的活性、血浆中MDA的含量）以及甲状腺激素水平（TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4和TSH）进行了测定。结果 甲肿组与非甲肿组的甲状腺激素水平以及抗氧化能力的各项指标经统计学处理其差异均无显性意义。结论 生活在同一地区的学龄儿童其碘营养水平基本相同，尽管某些儿童存在甲状腺肿大，但未影响其甲状腺功能及抗氧化能力，不会造成更严重的自由基损伤。     

祁州漏芦不同溶剂提取物对急性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

目的:研究祁州漏芦(以下简称"漏芦")不同溶剂提取物对急性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用。方法:60只KM种小鼠随机分为正常对照(等容生理盐水)组、模型(等容生理盐水)组、联苯双酯(100 mg/kg)组、漏芦乙醇粗提物(200 mg/kg)组、漏芦正丁醇提取物(200 mg/kg)组和漏芦水提取物(200 mg/kg)组。灌胃给药,每天1次,连续7 d。末次给药1 h后,一次性腹腔注射300 mg/kg对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)以复制小鼠急性肝损伤模型。比色法检测小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(ALB),肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST),肝线粒体Na+-K+-ATP酶(Na+-K+-ATPase)、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶(Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase)水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST和ALP活性增强,ALB含量降低;肝组织MDA含量增加,CAT、GPx、SOD、GST活性减弱,GSH含量减少;肝线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性减弱,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,漏芦乙醇粗提物组小鼠血清ALT、AST活性减弱,ALB含量增加,肝匀浆MDA含量减少,GSH含量增加,CAT、GPx、SOD、GST活性增强,肝线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性增强,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);漏芦正丁醇提取物组小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP活性减弱,ALB含量增加,肝匀浆MDA含量减少,GSH含量增加,CAT、GPx、SOD、GST活性增强,肝线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性增强,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);漏芦水提取物组小鼠血清ALT、AST活性减弱,ALB含量增加,肝匀浆MDA含量减少,GSH含量增加,GPx、GST活性增强,肝线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性增强,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:漏芦不同溶剂提取物对APAP致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

维药白刺总黄酮对亚急性衰老模型小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

目的考察唐古特白刺果总黄酮对衰老模型小鼠氧化能力的影响。方法用D-半乳糖制备衰老模型小鼠,以酶标法测定小鼠血清和肝组织中MDA,SOD,GSH-PX指标的变化。结果白刺果中总黄酮能显著降低衰老小鼠血清和肝组织MDA水平,同时可提高SOD和GSH-PX活力水平。结论唐古特白刺果总黄酮具有抗氧化作用。     

Anti-hyperglycemic and antigenotoxic potential of Ulva rigida ethanolic extract in the experimental diabetes mellitus

An increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insufficient antioxidant activity is known in diabetes mellitus (DM). Antioxidant compounds in the human foods or supplementary diets can be used to counteract several diseases. The analysis of micronuclei (MN) is a cytogenetic technique used to show chromosomal damage caused by clastogenic affects. The present study was designed to evaluate: (i) the effects of diabetes mellitus on bone marrow MN frequency, (ii) the effect of oral administration of Ulva rigida ethanolic extract (URE) on MN frequency produced by DM, and (iii) some hematological values in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Daily fluid and food consumptions, weekly body weights, blood glucose concentrations and serum insulin levels were also examined in the study groups during the two different administration periods. The blood glucose concentration and MN frequency have been significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with the normal rats (p < 0.0001). Especially, URE-30d group treatment in diabetic rats was significantly decreased blood glucose concentrations and MN frequency. This is the first report on the anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative and genotoxic/antigenotoxic capacity of U. rigida in vivo. Our results suggest that URE shows strong anti-hyperglycemic and antigenotoxic effect on the genotoxicity produced by DM in rats.     

Protective effects of apricot kernel oil on myocardium against ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential cardioprotective effects of apricot kernel oil (AO) on the myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) of rat model in vivo. The rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated, IR, low dose AO-treated IR (LD-AO + IR), medium dose AO-treated IR (MD-AO + IR) and high dose AO-treated IR (HD-AO + IR). All rats were provided with food and water ad libitum. The LD-AO + IR, MD-AO + IR and HD-AO + IR groups were given a daily dose of 2, 6 and 10 ml kg⁻¹ BW⁻¹ of AO, respectively, for 14 days prior to the IR operation. Tetrazolium chloride staining revealed that infarct size and the ratio of infarct weight to the total heart weight were decreased significantly in the three AO-treated groups compared to the IR group. The serum creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities also demonstrated similar beneficial effects. Myocardial catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activities, as well as NO concentrations, were all increased, whereas malondialdehyde content and inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased in AO-treated rats. These findings suggest that apricot kernel oil has potent cardioprotective effects, and could be developed as a nutriment for the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarcts.     

葛根黄酮对亚急性衰老模型小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

目的：考察葛根黄酮对衰老模型小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法：用D-半乳糖制备衰老模型小鼠,分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、高、低剂量组,检测各组小鼠血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）水平变化。结果：葛根黄酮能显著降低衰老小鼠血清MDA水平,同时可提高SOD和GSH-PX活力水平。结论：葛根黄酮对亚急性衰老模型小鼠具有抗氧化作用。     

Characterization, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Costa Rican noni juice (Morinda citrifolia L.)

Aim of the study

Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice has been used for more than 2000 years in Polynesia as a traditional folk medicine. The aim of the present study was to finely characterize noni juice from Costa Rica and to evaluate its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

Materials and methods

A microfiltrated noni juice was prepared with Costarican nonis. HPLC-DAD and Electro Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MS) were used to identify phenolic compounds and iridoids. The anti-oxidative activity of noni juice was measured in vitro by both Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods. The anti-inflammatory effects of noni juice were investigated in vitro by: measuring its effect on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by activated macrophages, evaluating its inhibitory activities on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and in vivo on a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats.

Results

Several polyphenols belonging to the coumarin, flavonoid and phenolic acid groups, and two iridoids were identified. Noni juice demonstrated a mean range free radical scavenging capacity. Furthermore, it also reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, directly inhibited cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 activities and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins E₂ (PGE₂) in activated J774 cells, in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusions

This study showed that noni's biological effects include: (1) anti-oxidant properties probably associated with phenolic compounds, iridoids and ascorbic acid and (2) anti-inflammatory action through NO and PGE₂ pathways that might also be strengthened by anti-oxidant effects.     

煤烟对大鼠肺细胞氧化性损伤作用途径的探讨

目的：探讨煤烟导致肺Ⅱ型细胞氧化性损伤的途径，方法：通过对加入抗氧化剂N－乙酰半胱氨酸、维生素E、维生素C和甘露醇作为实验干预手段，采用MTT法观察其对煤烟所致大鼠肺Ⅱ型细胞毒性的影响，结果：与对照组相比，加入10mmol/L N-乙酰半胱氨酸，维生素E，维生素C后的实验组细胞毒性有所下降，而甘露醇没有观察到类似的作用。结论：煤烟可以通过产生氧自由基或脂质过氧化物等多种途径对机体造成氧化性损伤。