大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤后脊髓背角感觉神经元超微形态学变化

目的观察大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤后脊髓背角浅层神经元超微形态变化。方法成年雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分为jE常组和手术组。手术组结扎大鼠左侧坐骨神经建立坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤fCCI）模型,存术后3、7、14d取与坐骨神经相应的腰4—6节段脊髓,透射电镜观察左侧脊髓背角浅层神经元超微结构并摄片,光镜下苏术素伊红染色对大鼠腰4—6脊髓背角两侧感觉神经元计数。结果坐骨神经损伤后,光镜下损伤侧脊髓背角感觉神经元数量较健侧昆著减少（P〈O．05）,两周时细胞死亡率为23％;电镜下CCI7d和14d绀腰4～6节段脊髓左侧背角浅层神经元出现多种形态变化,以细胞凋亡为主？结论坐骨神经损伤后腰4—6节段脊髓背角神经元tP,现丢失,超微形态上呈现多样性,以细胞凋亡为主。     

Effect of hygiene promotion on the risk of reinfection rate of intestinal parasites in children in rural Uzbekistan

A controlled prospective cohort study was designed to assess the effectiveness of hygiene promotion on the risk of reinfection by intestinal parasites in children in 276 rural Uzbek households over a 1-year period. The study included three groups: seasonality (no medicine, no hygiene promotion activity), treatment (medicine provided, no hygiene promotion activity) and hygiene promotion (medicine provided and hygiene promotion activity). The Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation methodology was utilized as the key tool in hygiene promotion activities. Three hygiene behaviors were targeted: hand washing with soap, safe feces disposal and boiling drinking water. On average, more than 80% of all children tested were infected with Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia lamblia or Entamoeba coli. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups for the risk of reinfection rate: the risk of reinfection by parasites was 30% lower in the hygiene promotion group than in the treatment group and 37% lower than in the seasonality group. If properly designed and carried out, hygiene promotion is an effective tool in reducing the risk of intestinal parasite reinfection in children, thus improving children's health in rural communities.     

新兵心理健康状况及人格与训练伤的关系

目的了解新兵心理健康状况、人格与训练伤的关系。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对某部参加2002年度基础训练的新兵进行测试。结果本年度军训伤累积发生率为9.6%。受伤组(n=58)与未受伤组(n=559)之间训练前各指标未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。训练后受伤组精神病性因子分高于未受伤组(P<0.01)。训练前受伤组因子分≥2的因子主要为强迫症状(13.79%)、人际关系(10.34%)和抑郁(10.34%),训练后主要为人际关系(13.79%)、强迫症状(12.07%)和精神病性(12.07%)。两组之间总分≥160的人数分布、人格类型分布未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论实施新大纲后训练伤发生率下降,未发现新兵中有心理问题者、人格类型与训练伤有明显的关系。     

在人工气道内持续泵入硝酸甘油降低肺动脉高压和静滴酚妥拉明的临床疗效

目的探索在人工气道内持续采用微量注射泵泵入硝酸甘油(NTG)注射液,降低肺动脉高压的疗效。方法把肺动脉压增高的患者,随机分为两组:治疗组采用微量注射泵在人工气道泵入NTG20mg,加入生理盐水50mL,5~10mL/h,持续1周。对照组用酚妥拉明10~20mg加入生理盐水50mL,用微量泵静脉泵入2~5μg/(min.kg),持续1周。对两组进行血压、中心静脉压、心率、动脉血氧分压、心脏超声、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)监测。结果治疗组较对照组更能明显地降低肺动脉压,两组比较具有显著的差异(P<0.05)。结论通过人工气道泵入NTG,经肺泡吸收作用血管内皮细胞NTG受体,和氧气结合,合成一氧化氮(NO)使血管扩张来降低肺动脉压,疗效显著,不影响血压、心率等,副作用少,应用安全。     

Empirical relationship between particulate matter and aerosol optical depth over Northern Tien-Shan, Central Asia

Measurements were obtained at two sites in northern Tien-Shan in Central Asia during a 1-year period beginning July 2008 to examine the statistical relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and of fine [PM2.5, particles less than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (AD)] and coarse (PMCoarse, particles between 2.5 and 10 μm?AD) mass concentrations and composition. The measurements represent the first extended particulate matter measurements in the northern Tien-Shan region of Central Asia. A sun photometer (Microtops II) was used to measure AOD from the surface, which is a widely used aerosol monitoring technique that is used in the AERONET network. In parallel, less routine measurements of continuous hourly PM2.5 data were obtained with the TEOM/FDMS whereas daily average PM2.5 and PM10 were obtained using URG-3000ABC samplers. Daily samples were collected on an every-other-day basis throughout the year. Since clouds interfere with the AOD measurement, a cloud screening procedure based on LIDAR measurements was applied to the AOD data and cloud impacted days were removed from the AOD data set. Depending on the season, the correlation coefficient (r) varied from 0.56 up to 0.87. Higher correlation coefficients between PM2.5 mass and AOD were observed during the spring and autumn periods and appeared to result from the transport of Asian dust (desert crustal material) particles from outside the area. One of the main source areas was the Taklimakan desert located in northwestern China. Linear regression results between AOD and PM2.5 are presented that allow for an estimate of PM2.5 mass concentrations at the surface based on the AOD data, which can be used to help interpret AOD measurements made in Central Asia and potentially other regions of the world.     

飞行员脑白质高信号影像学特点及临床应用价值

目的 分析飞行员脑白质高信号影像特点及临床应用价值,提高对此征象的认识并探讨其与飞行安全的关系。方法 收集2016年7月至2019年12月在民航西安医院体检中,行颅脑MR扫描的飞行员119例,分析其脑白质高信号的特点,并结合相关文献分析脑白质高信号的影像特征及临床意义,探讨其对飞行安全的影响。结果 119例体检飞行员,MRI显示脑白质高信号14例,显示脑白质异常信号灶呈斑点状和斑片状,在磁共振T₂加权和/或液体衰减反转恢复脉冲序列(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)上表现为高信号影,弥散加权成像(DWI)序列呈等信号,均为多发,累及额叶及半卵圆中心常见。结论 飞行员脑白质高信号影像特征与普通人不同,小灶状脑白质高信号对民航飞行员执行功能没有影响,融合的WMHs会引起执行功能损害,可能影响飞行安全,提高对此征象认识,为医学鉴定提供参考。