集束化干预联合闭环管理对ICU多重耐药菌感染的防控效果

目的 探讨集束化干预策略联合闭环管理模式对ICU多重耐药菌感染的防控效果。方法选取2020年1~12月EICU住院患者275例作为对照组，实施常规管理；2021年1~10月EICU住院患者239例作为观察组，在常规管理基础上实施集束化干预策略联合闭环管理。结果实施后，观察组多重耐药菌感染发生率明显低于对照组；患者住院日显著低于对照组，4项护理措施执行率(隔离标识、手卫生、环境消毒、医务人员相关知识知晓)、病原学送检率显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论集束化干预联合信息化闭环管理可有效降低EICU多重耐药菌感染发生率。     

我国老年人认知水平变化轨迹及其分化

目的 探究影响我国老年人认知水平的变化趋势，分离出年龄、队列效应。方法 基于CLHLS（2002—2018）多重队列追踪数据，以Stata16.0软件为工具，运用分层生长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果 本研究发现，个体行为生活方式、社会经济地位、性别、慢性病数量对认知水平均具有统计学意义；年龄、队列对认知水平的变化具有独立效应；随着年龄的增长，我国老年人认知水平下降，认知水平的城乡、性别差异明显；较年轻出生队列的老年人认知水平较好，认知水平的城乡差异随着队列的年轻化而变大，性别差异在较年轻队列有略微缩小的趋势。结论 影响认知水平因素复杂，认知障碍会增加医疗成本及照护负担，因此需准确把握老年认知水平的变化规律与作用路径，从而为卫生服务、养老保障、长期医疗照护的资源配置提供科学依据。     

基于移动医疗的妊娠期盆底肌训练对产后尿失禁发生的影响：一项基于随机对照试验设计的探索性研究

背景 孕产妇尿失禁（UI）发病率高，严重影响了女性生活质量。研究表明，盆底肌训练是UI有效的防治手段，本研究前期进行了一项随机对照试验（RCT），结果发现相比于常规宣教，基于移动医疗APP的盆底肌训练并未显现出预防优势，其原因需要进一步深入探讨。 目的 本研究拟对一项基于APP的妊娠期盆底肌训练的干预研究的阴性结果进行探索性分析，旨在探讨产后UI预防效果的影响因素以及获益的亚组人群。 方法 本研究数据来源于前期开展的一项RCT，采用方便抽样法，于2020年6—10月在南方医科大学深圳医院产科门诊招募了126例研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组，每组各63例。对照组采用常规护理，干预组在此基础上使用"有爱屋"APP进行尿失禁自我管理，干预周期为2个月。产后42 d随访时收集两组产后相关资料，包括产后42 d UI发生情况。以产后是否发生UI为结局指标，将研究对象分为病例组和对照组，采用Logistic回归分析探讨混杂因素及其与干预方式之间的交互作用对产后UI发生的影响。针对Logistic回归分析的结果进行分层分析，探讨是否存在能从APP干预中获益的亚组人群。 结果 病例组和对照组阴道分娩史、入组时存在UI、Broome盆底肌自我效能量表（BPMSES）得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，入组时存在UI是产后发生UI的危险因素〔OR=15.897，95%CI（4.724，53.495），P<0.001〕；BPMSES得分与干预方式的交互作用可影响产后UI的发生〔OR=1.034，95%CI（1.017，1.051），P<0.001〕。分层分析结果显示，入组时存在UI症状的孕妇，干预组产后UI发生率低于对照组（χ2=4.18，P=0.041）；入组时不存在UI症状的孕妇，两组产后UI发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.89，P=0.284）。 结论 推荐有UI症状的孕妇使用"有爱屋"APP或许可预防产后UI的发生。而对于妊娠期没有UI症状的人群使用"有爱屋"APP预防产后UI发生的证据尚不充分。另外，不管有无UI症状，盆底肌训练自我效能高的孕妇有望从APP干预中获益。     

鸟巢式护理模式对早产儿生长发育及肠胃功能的影响

目的 探讨鸟巢式护理模式在早产儿护理中的应用价值。方法 选取2016年6月—2020年5月本院收治的早产儿94例,采用随机数表法将其分为两组,每组各47例。对照组给予早产儿采取常规护理,观察组在早产儿常规护理上实施鸟巢式护理模式。比较两组临床效果、护理前后生长发育情况、肠胃功能及家属护理满意度。结果 观察组体温波动幅度低于对照组,睡眠时间长于对照组,血氧饱和度高于对照组,出暖箱时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组头围、身高、体质量比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.381,P=0.704、t=0.211,P=0.833、t=1.472,P=0.144);护理后2周,观察组头围(28.44±1.35)cm、身高(44.86±2.05)cm、体质量(2 336.93±12.47)g,高于对照组的(27.76±1.87)cm、(42.46±2.43)cm、(2 310.14±13.56)g,差异有统计学意义(t=2.021,P=0.046、t=5.175,P<0.001、t=9.970,P<0.001);观察组首次胎便时间、胎便转黄时间分别为(21.74±7.35)h、(58.91±12.44)h,短于对照组的(25.02±8.13)h、(63.87±13.74)h,排便次数及进奶量的增加分别为(5.67±1.32)次/d、(3.38±1.43)mL/d,高于对照组的(4.21±1.84)次/d、(2.13±0.27)mL/d,差异有统计学意义(t=2.052,P=0.043、t=4.420,P<0.001、t=2.205,P=0.030、t=5.889,P<0.001);观察组护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 鸟巢式护理模式可减少早产儿体温波动幅度,提供适宜的恒温环境,促进早产儿生长发育,效果确切,值得广泛应用。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童执行功能的评估与干预

ADHD儿童认知障碍的主要特征之一是执行功能损害,涉及包括前额叶皮层在内的特定脑区域及多层级脑网络异常。执行功能按照功能性分为冷-热两方面:冷执行功能损害主要表现于反应抑制、工作记忆以及认知灵活性等;热执行功能损害通常涉及延迟满足、赏罚相关决策、自我调节及情绪调节等。ADHD儿童的执行功能评估应基于可信范式进行文化适应性调整。临床干预不能单一聚焦于冷执行功能,需关注儿童的身体发育以及热执行功能(情绪社会方面)的发展进程,结合其他共病与心理状况,进行全面的动态随访与干预,以达到最佳的长期疗效。     

慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及对安全性的影响

目的探讨慢性泪囊炎患者应用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术的临床效果及安全性。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月因慢性泪囊炎于本院接受治疗的46例患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,各23例。对照组接受泪囊鼻腔造口治疗,研究组取鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗,比较两组临床效果、手术指标以及并发症发生情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组术中出血量少于对照组,手术及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论慢性泪囊炎患者采用鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗效果显著,并发症较少,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

Preliminary study on blood coagulation and hemostatic effect and acute toxicity of Oxalis corniculata L. ethanol extract

In the present study, we aimed to observe the effects of ethanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. on bleeding time (BT) and coagulation time (CT) and determine its acute toxicity in mice. Firstly, the ethanol extract of O. corniculata was administered to 40 mice, which were randomly divided into the normal control group, Yunnan Baiyao control group, low-dose group, and high-dose group. The low-dose (0.6 g/kg) and high-dose (1.2 g/kg) groups received ethanol extract of O. corniculata by gavage, and the BT and CT of the mice were measured by the slide method and tail clipping method, respectively. Secondly, the median lethal dose method was used with 50 mice to observe the physiological state, poisoning reaction, and death of the mice after intragastric administration. Finally, on the 14th day of the experiment, a necropsy was performed to observe any abnormality of the organs. In conclusion, in the coagulation and hemostasis tests, there were no statistical differences between the groups (P > 0.05), while there was a significant dose-response relationship, and the BT and CT were significantly shorter than those of the negative control group, which were comparable to the Yunnan Baiyao control group. Moreover, in the acute toxicity test, the median lethal dose of ethanol extract of O. corniculata was 6.0291 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval of 5.3065–6.7829 mg/kg.     

基于罗森塔尔效应的护理干预对脑出血后遗症病人的心理状况和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨基于罗森塔尔效应的护理干预对脑出血后遗症病人的心理状况和生活质量的影响。方法:按照随机数字表法将2019年1月—2021年1月收治的98例脑出血后遗症病人分为对照组和观察组各49例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上给予基于罗森塔尔效应的护理干预。干预前后采用卒中量表(NIHSS)、功能独立性评定量表(FIM)、生活活动功能测量量表Barthel指数(BADL)评定两组病人康复情况,采用非精神病性焦虑量表(HADS-A)、非精神病性抑郁量表(HADS-D)、自我效能量表(GSES)评定两组病人心理状态,采用生活质量简明调查表(SF-36)评定两组病人生活质量。结果:观察组病人干预后NIHSS评分低于对照组,FIM和BADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人干预后HADS-A和HADS-D评分低于对照组,GSES评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人干预后生活质量各维度(躯体功能、躯体角色、肌体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情绪角色、心理卫生)评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于罗森塔尔效应的护理干预应用于脑出血后遗症病人能有效促进病人康复,改善病人心理状态,提高病人生活质量。     

Valvuloplasty of fetal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right heart: Mid-term follow-up results

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze and evaluate the results of mid-term follow-up after fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty (FPV) in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS).MethodsFrom August 31, 2018, to May 31, 2019, seven fetuses with PA/IVS and hypoplastic right heart were included in this study. All underwent echocardiography by the same specialist and were operated on by the same team. Intervention and echocardiography data were collected, and changes in the associated indices noted during follow-up were analyzed.ResultsAll seven fetuses successfully underwent FPV. The median gestational age at FPV was 27.54 weeks. The average FPV procedural time was 6 ?min. Persistent bradycardia requiring treatment occurred in 4/7 procedures. Finally, five pregnancies were successfully delivered, and the other two were aborted. Compared to data before fetal cardiac interventions (FCI), tricuspid valve annulus diameter/mitral valve annulus diameter (TV/MV) and right ventricle diameter/left ventricle diameter (RV/LV) of all fetuses had progressively improved. The maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity decreased from 4.60 ?m/s to 3.64 ?m/s. The average follow-up time was 30.40 ?± ?2.05 months. During the follow-up period, the diameter of the tricuspid valve ring in five children continued to improve, and the development rate of the tricuspid valve was relatively obvious from 6 months to 1 year after birth. However, the development of the right ventricle after birth was relatively slow. It was discovered that there were individual variations in the development of the right ventricle during follow-up.ConclusionThe findings support the potential for the development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve in fetuses with PA/IVS who underwent FCI. Development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve does not occur synchronously during pregnancy. The right ventricle develops rapidly in utero, but the development of tricuspid valve is more apparent after birth than in utero.