我国老年人认知水平变化轨迹及其分化

目的 探究影响我国老年人认知水平的变化趋势，分离出年龄、队列效应。方法 基于CLHLS（2002—2018）多重队列追踪数据，以Stata16.0软件为工具，运用分层生长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果 本研究发现，个体行为生活方式、社会经济地位、性别、慢性病数量对认知水平均具有统计学意义；年龄、队列对认知水平的变化具有独立效应；随着年龄的增长，我国老年人认知水平下降，认知水平的城乡、性别差异明显；较年轻出生队列的老年人认知水平较好，认知水平的城乡差异随着队列的年轻化而变大，性别差异在较年轻队列有略微缩小的趋势。结论 影响认知水平因素复杂，认知障碍会增加医疗成本及照护负担，因此需准确把握老年认知水平的变化规律与作用路径，从而为卫生服务、养老保障、长期医疗照护的资源配置提供科学依据。

The trajectory of cognitive level change and its differentiation among the elderly in China

Objective To explore the changing trend of cognitive level of the elderly in China, and to isolate the age and cohort effects. Methods Based on the multi-queue tracking data of CLHLS (2002—2018), using stata16.0 software as a tool, the hierarchical growth curve model was used for statistical analysis. Results This study found that individual behavioral lifestyle, socioeconomic status, gender, and number of chronic diseases had statistically significant effects on cognitive level. Age and cohort had independent effects on changes in cognitive level. Cognitive level of older adults in China decreased with age, and urban-rural and gender differences in cognitive level were significant. Cognitive level of older adults in younger birth cohorts was better, urban-rural differences in cognitive level became larger with the younger cohort, and gender differences tended to be slightly narrower in the younger cohort. Conclusion The factors affecting the cognitive level are complex, and cognitive impairment will increase the medical cost and care burden. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp the changing law and action path of the cognitive level of the elderly, to provide a scientific basis for the resource allocation of health services, pension security and long-term medical care.