改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法方便选择自2009年12月—2014年11月该院收治的重型颅脑损伤病例70例,随机分为改良组和对照组2组,每组35例,改良组施行改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术,对照组按标准大骨瓣开颅、硬脑膜一次性全切开,对比分析两组的并发症发生率及预后。结果改良组发生迟发性颅内血肿、大面积脑梗塞及弥漫性脑肿胀等并发症9例(25.7％,9/35),预后良好者23例(65.7％,23/35),对照组发生并发症19例(54.3％,19/35),预后良好者14例(40.0％,14/35),两组并发症发生率和预后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,效果良好,显著降低死亡率。     

What makes a biostatistician?

Biostatisticians play an important role in medical research. They are co-responsible for an appropriate and efficient study design, they are involved in monitoring the study conduct, they plan and perform the data analysis, and they are involved in interpreting and publishing the results. However, how are the biostatisticians prepared for their tasks and responsibilities? Graduate programs in biostatistics are being offered, but some practicing biostatisticians completed their studies in a mathematical or epidemiological program, or obtained their degree in subject-specific fields (such as medicine or biology). Therefore, the expertise and the competencies can vary widely between the individual biostatisticians, also depending on the application field. In this article, focusing on European and US practices, we discuss the required professional expertise for the main areas of applications in the medical field as well as the necessary soft skill competencies of a biostatistician.     

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Metastasectomy in Patients With Pulmonary Metastases From Soft Tissue Sarcoma

The lung is the preferred site of metastasis from soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This systematic review aims to evaluate the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and metastasectomy (MTS) for the treatment of lung metastases from STS. A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA protocol. PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for English-language articles to December 2018 using a predefined strategy. Retrieved studies were independently screened and rated for relevance. Data were extracted by two researchers. In total, there were 1306 patients with STS: 1104 underwent MTS and 202 had SBRT. The mean age ranged from 40 to 55.8 years in the MTS group and from 47.9 to 64 years in the SBRT group. The cumulative death rate was 72% (95% confidence interval 59–85%) in the MTS group and 56% (38–74%) in the SBRT group. The cumulative mean overall survival time was 46.7 months (36.4–57.0%) in the MTS group and 47.6 months (33.7–61.5%) in the SBRT group. The cumulative rate of patients alive with disease was 5% (2–9%) in the MTS group and 15% (6–36%) in the SBRT group. Finally, the cumulative rate of patients alive without disease in the two groups was 19% (9–29%) and 20% (10–50%), respectively. Our study showed that local treatment of pulmonary metastases from STS with SBRT, compared with surgery, was associated with a lower cumulative overall death rate and similar overall survival time and survival rates without disease. By contrast, SBRT was associated with a higher survival rate with disease than MTS. Large randomised trials are necessary to confirm these findings and to establish whether SBRT may be a reliable option for early stage disease.     

Agminated fibroblastic connective tissue nevus in a 1‐year‐old boy

Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) is a benign cutaneous mesenchymal lesion characterized by proliferation of CD34‐positive fibroblastic/myofibroblastic spindle‐shaped cells. We report a case of agminated FCTN on the right lower abdomen of a 1‐year‐old boy.     

复方倍他米松注射液联合泛昔洛韦胶囊、普瑞巴林胶囊治疗带状疱疹的临床疗效观察

目的 对复方倍他米松注射液联合泛昔洛韦胶囊、普瑞巴林胶囊治疗带状疱疹的临床疗效进行观察并探讨。方法 选取2018 年1 月～2019 年12 月我院收治的118 例带状疱疹患者为研究对象，采用随机抽签的方式将患者分为对照组（泛昔洛韦胶囊+普瑞巴林胶囊+甲钴胺片+维生素B1 片）与观察组（联合复方倍他米松注射液），比较两组治疗总有效率、VAS 评分、QS 评分、C 反应蛋白、无新发皮疹时间、结痂时间及疼痛停止时间、随访2 个月后带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率以及不良反应发生率。结果 观察组与对照组治疗总有效率分别为94.92%及76.27%，组间对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；治疗后，观察组VAS 评分显著低于对照组；观察组QS 评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，观察组C 反应蛋白显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组无新发皮疹时间、结痂时间及疼痛停止时间分别显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）；随访2 个月后，发现观察组带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组不良反应发生与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 复方倍他米松注射液联合泛昔洛韦胶囊、普瑞巴林胶囊治疗带状疱疹不仅效果好且安全性高，值得使用。     

通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀及氯吡格雷治疗冠心病心绞痛临床研究

目的:观察通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀、氯吡格雷治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选取84例冠心病心绞痛患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,对照组40例给予阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗,观察组44例在对照组基础上给予通心络胶囊治疗,3个月后比较2组临床疗效。结果:观察组总有效率(93.18%)显著高于对照组(70.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组心绞痛的持续时间、心绞痛发作次数、心功能指标、血管内皮功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛发作次数较治疗前明显降低,观察组心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛发作次数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2组心功能指标包括心输出量(CO)、心博出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)及射血分数(EF)均较治疗前明显上升,且观察组各项心功能指标明显高于对照组(P<0.05);2组内皮功能指标内皮素(ET)、血栓素B2(TXB2)水平较治疗前明显降低,一氧化氮(NO)水平较治疗前明显上升(P<0.05),观察组ET、TXB2水平明显低于对照组,NO水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对冠心病心绞痛患者给予通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀、氯吡格雷治疗疗效显著,可有效降低心绞痛持续时间和发作次数,改善患者心功能和内皮功能,值得临床推广应用。     

上颌前突矫治术后软组织侧貌改变的研究

目的:分析上颌前份节段性骨切开矫治上颌前突术后软组织侧貌改变情况,探讨其稳定性。方法:对21例上颌前份节段性骨切开成年男性患者术前、术后1个月及术后1年的X线头影测量片进行对比研究。结果:术后软组织侧貌改变:上中切牙切缘点Is平均后移6.1±2.7m(mP<0.01),上唇突点Ls平均后移4.6±1.6m(mP<0.01),鼻唇角Cm-Sn-Ls平均增加6.8°±5.6(°P<0.01),上下唇间隙Stms-Stmi平均缩小4.5±3.5m(mP<0.01),露齿程度Is-Stms平均减小2.1±2.2m(mP<0.05),上唇突度减小,上唇厚度、长度及软组织面型角G-Sn-Pgss无显著改变(P<0.05)。术后1年颜面软组织侧貌改变的稳定性与术后早期相比,在水平方向上,所有指标复发率均超过10%。在垂直方向上各项指标复发率均在10%以内。结论:上颌前份节段性骨切开术矫正上颌前突,患者软组织侧貌的改善明显,效果稳定。     

郁乐疏胶囊治疗中风后抑郁的随机对照临床研究

目的:通过郁乐疏胶囊与百忧解治疗卒中后抑郁(PSD)的随机对照研究,观察郁乐疏胶囊治疗PSD的疗效和安全性。方法:将40例PSD患者在使用治疗脑卒中基础疾病的药物的同时,随机分为受试药物组(郁乐疏胶囊组)和对照药物组(百忧解组)。前者口服郁乐疏胶囊,后者口服百忧解。两组患者在治疗前及治疗后6周各进行一次HRSD量表、Zung抑郁自评量表、Barthel量表及SNSS量表评定,并观察不良反应。结果:郁乐疏胶囊组,显效率为55%,总有效率为85%。百忧解组,显效率为50%,总有效率为80%。两组药物的疗效无显著差异(P>0.05)。两组患者在治疗前后,各量表评定均无显著差异(P>0.05)。但两组患者HRSD量表中的睡眠障碍因子的评分在治疗前无显著差异(P>0.05),在治疗后有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:郁乐疏胶囊能明显改善PSD患者的抑郁症状,促进神经功能的恢复,同时还具有改善睡眠障碍的作用。无明显不良反应,安全性较高。