Bonding to industrial indirect composite blocks: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of industrial indirect composite blocks (ICs).MethodsBased on the PICOS strategy, the Medline via PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (ISI – Web of Knowledge) electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles in both English and Chinese, with no publication year limit. In vitro studies evaluating the effects of surface conditioning on the bond strength of ICs were selected. The meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the mean difference between surface-conditioned ICs and unconditioned controls. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the different surface conditioning methods, separately for polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material and the ICs with dispersed fillers (ICDFs). Meta-analyses were performed with a random-effects model at a significance level of 0.05.Results and SignificanceFrom 802 relevant studies, 25 were selected for full-text analysis. Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review, whereas 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. A manual search of the principal periodicals specific to the area resulted in no additional articles. The meta-analysis indicated a significant difference in bond strength between the surface-conditioned ICs and controls under both non-aged and aged conditions. The combination of mechanical and chemical conditioning yielded the highest bond strength of ICs. This meta-analysis suggests that chemical etching followed by a universal primer and alumina air abrasion followed by a silane coupling agent could be considered the best strategy for optimizing the bond strength of PICN materials and ICDFs under aged conditions, respectively.     

A Burnout Reduction and Wellness Strategy: Personal Financial Health for the Medical Trainee and Early Career Radiation Oncologist

PurposePhysician burnout is reported in more than one out of every 2 practicing clinicians and is just as prevalent in training physicians. Burnout severity is also associated with increasing levels of financial debt. Medical professionals are notable for their high and increasing levels of debt; despite this, financial literacy is poor among physicians, and financial education is largely absent from medical education. Radiation oncologists (ROs) are no different in this regard, with 33% of residents reporting high levels of burnout symptoms, 33% carrying >$200,000 of educational debt, and 75% reporting being unprepared to handle future financial decisions. To fill this gap, we reviewed the basic tenets of personal financial health for the early career RO.Methods and materialsThe core concept of financial independence (FI) is introduced, and we review 4 basic tenets of personal financial health for the young medical professional: debt, behavior, investment, and asset protection strategies.ResultsFI is achieved by saving until the desired quality of life can be maintained, independent of employment income. Debt strategy involves minimizing debt accrual, understanding student loans, and having a debt management plan. Behavioral strategy involves setting financial goals, calculating worth and a savings rate, budgeting, and frugal living. The basics of investing include asset allocation, diversification, rebalancing, and minimizing expenses. Finally, asset protection includes insuring against catastrophic events with disability, life, health, liability, and property insurance.ConclusionsHealthy financial practices can lead to FI and may facilitate professional and personal freedoms with the goal of mitigating burnout-associated stressors. The tenets of strong financial health for ROs in the early stages of their career include sound debt, behavioral, investment, and asset protection strategies. Furthermore, initial and continuing financial education is an overlooked but important curriculum component. ROs with their financial houses in order can devote more resources to learning and practicing good medicine while living healthy, rewarding lives.     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化何首乌有效成分二苯乙烯苷的研究

目的研究不同型号大孔吸附树脂纯化何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的工艺条件及参数。方法以静态饱和吸附量、洗脱量、静态洗脱率为考察指标,比较了7种大孔树脂,并对HPD500树脂的动态比上柱量、比吸附量、比洗脱量进行了考察,以二苯乙烯苷转移率和纯度为指标对树脂吸附工艺条件进行了筛选。结果所比较的7种树脂中,HPD500型树脂具有最佳的吸附及洗脱参数,其动态饱和吸附量达到151.7mg·g-1干树脂,其最佳工艺为以6倍柱体积去离子水、4倍柱体积10%乙醇、6倍柱体积60%乙醇依次洗脱,二苯乙烯苷转移率为95%,其纯度为75.3%。结论HPD500树脂吸附性能较好,适合于何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的纯化。     

碳纤维根管桩的研制

目的研究高强度碳纤维增强复合树脂根管桩的加工成型工艺.方法用湿法制备碳纤维预浸料,在预成型模具中预成型,然后在成型模具中经特殊的工艺进行成型,最后用车床加工成预定形状的桩钉;并测试其弯曲强度、剪切强度和碳纤维含量.结果随着碳纤维含量的增加,根管桩的弯曲强度和剪切强度均逐渐增加.碳纤维含量达到67.13%时,弯曲强度和剪切强度分别达到406MPa和653.86MPa.结论高强度的碳纤维根管桩可以满足临床需要.     

对碘树脂型净水器产品结构与杀菌效果关系的探讨

近几年，我国对以碘树脂进行供水终端消毒作了一些研究，并有商品投放市场。这类产品杀菌效果除与所填充的碘树脂本身杀菌性能有关外，与产品结构也有很大关系。结构不同，水中微生物通过净水器的时间（即消毒作用时间）也将不同。经推导：消毒作用时间与碘树脂柱长度、直径以及碘树脂颗粒大小、填充数量、出水量大小等有关。因此，在产品结构设计时，可通过调整上述各参数，获得最佳杀菌效果。本文通过对这类产品结构与杀菌效果关系的探讨，为有关企业及部门合理设计产品内部结构提供了新思路。     

芳香PET树脂母粒的研制

通过丙烯酸和丙烯酸正丁酯溶液共聚合，得到丙烯酸－丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物，该树脂与环氧氯丙烷反应后再与PET树脂切片继续反应，可使PET树脂切片表面形成聚丙烯酸酯自膨润型吸油网络结构，将表面具有聚丙烯酸酯自身膨润型吸油网络结构的PET树脂切片（简称为留香剂）在油溶性香精中浸泡，香精就被吸附在留香剂表面，即得到芳香PET树脂母粒。用SEM观察了母粒的表面结构形态。     

ZDY101和SZ201对α-分泌性淀粉样前体蛋白生成的影响

目的探讨ZDY10 1和SZ2 0 1及二者不同配比联合应用对HEK2 93sw细胞生成α -分泌性淀粉样前体蛋白的影响。　方法用Westernblot法检测HEK2 93sw细胞生成的α -sAPP含量 ,观察ZDY10 1、SZ2 0 1及二者不同配比联合应用在 2 4～ 48h、48～ 72h时段内α -sAPP生成量的变化。　结果 2 4～ 48h时段的实验中 ,ZDY10 1和SZ2 0 1浓度分别为 1× 10 - 5mol L时 ,α -sAPP含量分别为 2 .0 6± 0 .73、2 .6 4± 1.2 1,明显高于DMSO对照组的 1.0 0(P <0 .0 1) ;48～ 72h时段的实验中 ,ZDY10 1和SZ2 0 1单独应用且浓度分别为 1× 10 5mol L时 ,α -sAPP含量也明显高于DMSO对照组的 1.0 0 (P <0 .0 1)。二者相加的效果高于ZDY 10 1、SZ2 0 1单独应用 (P <0 .0 5 )。如果二者联合应用 ,降低各自的浓度 ,总浓度仍为 1× 10 - 5mol L时 ,提高α -sAPP含量的效果不明显。　结论ZDY10 1、SZ2 0 1在一定浓度时 ,能增加α -sAPP的生成 ,二者联合应用效果更强。     

S100 protein-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia of the rat

The cell body size (cross-sectional area) of S100-immunoreactive (-ir) primary neurons was measured in the trigeminal (TG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). About a half of neurons exhibited S100-immunoreactivity (-ir) in the DRG (44.0%) and TG (59.0%). DRG neurons with cell bodies >1200 μm² mostly exhibited S100-ir (96.5%), whereas S100-ir DRG neurons <600 μm² were rare (8.0%). 36.6% of DRG neurons in the cell size range 600–1200 μm² showed the ir. TG neurons >800 μm² mostly exhibited S100-ir (93.1%), whereas those <400 μm² were devoid of it (positive cells 10.5%). 58.3% of TG cells in the range 400–800 μm² contained S100-ir. Double-immunofluorescence method revealed the co-expression of S100 and other calcium-binding proteins. Parvalbumin-ir neurons mostly exhibited S100-ir in the DRG (97.4%) and TG (97.0%). The co-expression of S100 and calbindin D-28k was very rare in the DRG, because the DRG contained few calbindin D-28k-ir neurons. Unlike in the DRG, numerous neurons co-expressed S100- and calbindin D-28k-ir in the TG. Most calbindin D-28k-ir TG neurons were also immunoreactive for S100 (90.7%). Sub-populations of calretinin (CR)-ir neurons co-expressed S100-ir in both the DRG (68%) and TG (50.0%). Virtually all CR-ir neurons >1400 μm² co-expressed S100-ir in the DRG (100%) and TG (95.9%). CR-ir neurons <800 μm² were rarely exhibited S100-ir (DRG 18.0%, TG 21.9%). 71.3 and 60.5% of CR-ir neurons in the range 800–1400 μm² co-expressed S100-ir in the DRG and TG, respectively. The present study indicates that S100 is closely correlated to the primary neuronal cell size in the DRG and TG.