保留膀胱手术加膀胱内灌注疗法治疗膀胱癌的疗效观察

目的　总结保留膀胱手术治疗膀胱移行细胞癌的疗效和经验。方法　对接受保留膀胱手术并辅助膀胱内灌注治疗的 68例膀胱移行细胞癌患者做了回顾性分析。结果　平均随访时间 53 .5月 (5 - 83月 ) ,1 7例复发 ,8例进展 ,64例无瘤生存 ,3例死于膀胱癌 ,1例死于其它疾病。结论　表浅性和浅肌层浸润的膀胱癌可做保留膀胱的手术 ,而对于深肌层浸润的膀胱癌患者应尽早行膀胱全切术     

改良全膀胱切除原位新膀胱术96例报告

目的 总结改良全膀胱切除原位新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床经验。方法 采用改良全膀胱切除原位新膀胱术治疗局部浸润性膀胱癌患者96例，患者均为男性，平均年龄55岁。96例中移行细胞癌91例，WHO分级Ⅲ级39例、Ⅱ级51例、Ⅰ级1例；鳞癌3例；腺癌2例。肿瘤多发92例（移行细胞癌91例、腺癌1例），单发4例（鳞癌3例、腺癌1例）。TNM临床分期T2N0M088例，T3N0M06例，T3N1M02例。统计手术时间、术中出血和输血量，对新膀胱功能、并发症、肿瘤控制和患者生存情况进行随访分析。结果 96例患者无手术死亡，手术时间190～330min，平均260min。术中出血150～1200ml，输血30例。病理分期T1N0M01例，T2N0M089例，T3aN0M、T3aN1M0和L3bN1M0各2例。随访5～58个月，平均31个月。无瘤生存94例，因肿瘤死亡2例。新膀胱白天控尿良好93例（97％），夜间控尿良好80例（83％）。剩余尿量0～80ml者87例，100～250ml者7例。主要并发症：切口裂开3例，二次缝合治愈；输尿管吻合151漏1例，再吻合后治愈；输尿管口狭窄2侧和输尿管口粘连4侧，经内镜下手术纠正；严重肠梗阻3例和慢性酸中毒低钾2例均经内科处理纠正。无严重远期并发症。结论 改良全膀胱切除原位新膀胱术后肿瘤控制满意，严重并发症少，新膀胱控尿良好，患者生活质量高，是目前治疗浸润性膀胱癌的理想方法之一。     

膀胱癌膀胱全切术后尿道复发的风险评估及对策

目的 探讨膀胱癌膀胱全切术后尿道复发的危险因素及处理方法。方法 回顾分析278例膀胱癌膀胱全切患者的临床资料，其中24例发生了尿道复发。运用cox’s多因素回归模型对影响复发的危险因素进行评价。结果 6例选择性尿道切除者无1例死于肿瘤；24例尿道复发者10例死于肿瘤转移。多因素分析表明前列腺受累、膀胱颈受累、三角区肿瘤、多发肿瘤和原位癌是影响尿道复发的危险因素，相对危险度分别为1．573，1．532，1．360，1.337和1．213。结论 前列腺受累、膀胱颈受累、三角区肿瘤、多发肿瘤或原位癌是预防性尿道切除术的指征。保留尿道的患者宜尽量行正位排尿的尿流改道术。     

正位可控性去带盲结肠膀胱术的疗效观察

目的:探讨正位可控性去带盲结肠膀胱术的临床疗效.方法:对17例膀胱肿瘤患者行膀胱全切除术后,应用末段回肠及盲升结肠作贮尿囊行正位膀胱重建术.结果:17例中15例获随访6～24个月,平均14.5个月.全组无严重并发症,均无瘤生存;术后3周自主可控性排尿,日间排尿可控率为93.3%,1年夜间尿失禁22.2%.术后6个月尿动力学检查,膀胱容量336 ml、最大尿流率13.7 ml/s、剩余尿量42 ml,而充盈期膀胱压力明显低于尿道闭合压.输尿管反流1例,但无尿道、输尿管狭窄,肾功能正常.结论:正位可控性去带盲结肠膀胱术具有膀胱容量大、内压低,正位排尿,可控性好,且手术操作简单、并发症少等优点,患者易于接受,是一种较理想的尿流改道方式.     

改良Indiana膀胱术的远期疗效观察

目的:评价改良Indiana膀胱术的远期疗效.方法:对26例改良Indiana膀胱术术后患者的膀胱可控性、尿动力学、肾盂输尿管扩张、上尿路感染情况、血清电解质和肾功能进行随访.结果:26例随访1～7年,平均3年.白天可控率96.2%;贮尿囊容量为380～640 ml,平均542 ml;贮尿囊内压力为1.215～3.224 kPa,平均1.921 kPa.B超、IVP造影示3 例输尿管扩张,经随访无加重.血清电解质及肾功能正常.结论:改良Indiana膀胱术远期疗效可靠,并发症少,是一种较理想的尿路分流术式.     

¿Puede la cirugía mínimamente invasiva resultar en sitios inusuales de metástasis?

ObjectiveTo compare sites of metastasis for the laparoscopic (LRC) and open (ORC) approaches in a cohort of patients at a district general hospital. Morbidity and mortality for the two approaches are assessed using secondary outcomes of length of stay and complication rate. Metastasis rate and site are compared.MethodsA retrospective case note review was carried out for all patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder malignancy at Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield between 2010 and 2016 (n = 219). There were 150 males and 69 females in 107 minimally invasive cases and 87 open (missing data on 25 cases). Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel XLSTAT.ResultsRecurrence rate was 25.1% and did not differ significantly with approach (p = 0.89). Sites of recurrence did not differ with operative approach, the most frequent being pelvis, chest and bone. Unusual sites of recurrence included abdominal wall and sigmoid colon which both occurred in LRC. Length of stay was greater for the open approach (median LRC = 10, ORC = 13, p < 0.01). Five-year survival was 74.9%. Survival distribution did not significantly differ with operative approach (p = 0.43), and there was no significant association between operative approach and patient death within the follow-up period (p = 0.09). Stricture rate was 4.1% and was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.29). Median time to stricture was 130 days. Clavien-Dindo scores for complications did not differ with approach (p = 0.93), and there was no significant association between operative approach and whether complications developed (p = 0.19).ConclusionsThe adverse oncological outcomes in minimally invasive approaches suggested by some studies are not confirmed here. Those in the LRC group were discharged sooner, though this did not translate into differences in morbidity or survival. Analysis of the association between individual complications and length of stay may clarify this further. Shorter hospital stay is also likely to have significant financial implications.Despite no significant difference in outcomes, the findings demonstrate potential benefits of LRC. Extensions of this study could include: cost-benefit analysis, examination of individual complications’ effect on length of stay; and analysis of approach-specific factors contributing to perioperative deaths.     

Bladder preservation versus radical cystectomy in transitional cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma muscle invasive bladder cancer

Background:Randomizing patients to bladder preservation or radical cystectomy (RC) for the treatment of bladder cancer has not been practical, due to patient and physician preferences. Therefore, continually comparing the 2 treatment modalities is needed, in order to make the proper choice for each patient.Patients and methods:The records of T1–4N0M0 bladder cancer patients, who presented to the South Egypt Cancer Institute between 2007 and 2017 and were treated by either bladder preservation or RC were reviewed.Results:Out of the 166 included patients, 81 (48.8%) patients were treated by bladder preservation and 85 (51.2%) patients had RC. For the patients treated by bladder preservation and the patients treated by RC, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 56% and 60% (p = 0.67), the 5-year local recurrence-free survival was 69% and 73% (p = 0.69), and the 5-year disease-free survival was 45% and 53% (p = 0.16), respectively. After propensity matching analysis, the mean 5-year OS was 58% for the bladder preservation patients and 61% for the RC patients (p = 0.51). It is notable that among the bladder preservation group, 8 patients (10%) had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) pathology and refused RC. Their OS was 56% compared to 53% for the SCC patients treated by RC (p = 0.6).Conclusion:Bladder preservation is a safe alternative to cystectomy in transitional cell carcinoma stages T1–4aN0M0, and its use in SCC bladder cancer should be further studied, as it could be feasible to spare them from initial cystectomy.     

Contemporary techniques and outcomes of robotic assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion

The open approach to radical cystectomy continues to be accompanied by significant morbidity despite enhanced recovery protocols (ERP). Robotic assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) has become an increasingly popular technique for removal of aggressive bladder cancer and subsequent urinary diversion. Randomized clinical trials comparing the robotic and open techniques address the uncertainty surrounding oncological efficacy of the RARC and show that RARC is at least comparable to open radical cystectomy (ORC) in terms of oncologic adequacy and survival. Although RARC with ICUD is a technically challenging procedure, surgeons have noted ergonomic advantages while patients experience less blood loss and quicker time to recovery and to adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), if necessary. Even with these benefits, there is a paucity of data describing outcomes of ICUD. For those surgeons who have switched to ICUD, priority remains standardization of a protocol for the reconstructive component and for a safe transition from extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) to ICUD. Additionally, there is a need for evidence of reduced financial toxicity for the patient, as well as more comprehensive cost-effectiveness analyses. The literature from this review represents 10 years of accumulating data on techniques and outcomes of RARC with ICUD.     

膀胱全切术后体外可控性回肠代膀胱术

 目的　探讨膀胱全切术后尿流改道新方法即体外可控性回肠代膀胱术的可行性及疗效。方法　取一段回肠 ,将中间部分折叠成N形并缝制成贮尿囊 ;远端回肠从腹壁造瘘口穿出体外 ,于此处取腹壁皮瓣包绕外露肠管缝制成皮管 ,构建输出道 ;将尿液控制器置于皮管外 ,利用气囊控制排尿。结果　 10只杂交狗顺利度过手术期 ,术后 3月时贮尿囊最大容量为 (15 0± 4 0 )ml,最大充盈压为 (2 4 .4± 5 .3)cmH2 O。临床应用 5例 ,随访 (3～ 14 )月 ,术后 3月时贮尿囊最大容量达 (2 90± 80 )ml,最大充盈压为 (36 .3± 8.2 )cmH2 O ,最大尿流率为 (2 0 .3± 4 .7)ml s,无残余尿。X线影像学检查 ,肾脏显影良好 ,输尿管通畅。尿液控制器的气囊充气后 ,无尿液流出 ;气囊消气后 ,尿液呈粗线条流出。结论　该尿流改道术式具有体外自主控制排尿的特点 ,不必佩戴集尿袋或自行导尿 ,且手术操作比较简单、并发症少、安全可靠。     

Implications of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma variant on prognosis following radical cystectomy: A multi-institutional investigation

Purpose

To determine the association of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MUC) variant histology with bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy.