睡眠过渡过程监测的新方法

在系统水平上研究人脑的睡眠过渡过程,以寻求监测睡眠过渡过程的新方法.方法:让15名睡眠良好者进行睡眠中的行为反应实验,获取行为反应量.结果:发现行为反应量与脑电图所反映的脑状态一致,且能反应睡眠过渡过程中脑状态的微小变化.结论:以行为反应量监测睡眠过渡过程,结果可靠,操作简便,对被试者干扰小.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入术前后血小板活化及血管内皮功能的变化

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗后血小板活化指标CD62p、CD63及糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体复合物及内皮功能的改变。方法60例急性冠状动脉综合征患者在冠状动脉介入术前和术后即刻以及次日采用流式细胞仪检测血小板活化指标CD62p、CD63及糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体复合物;双抗体夹心固相酶联免疫吸附试验测定血浆假血友病因子的表达水平;放射免疫测定法测定血浆内皮素1表达水平;酶法测定血浆一氧化氮的含量;彩色多谱勒超声诊断仪测量内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。选择健康体检者和稳定型心绞痛患者各30例作对照,观察急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉介入前后指标的变化并与对照组比较。结果与健康对照组和稳定型心绞痛组比,急性冠状动脉综合征组CD62p、CD63及糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体复合物明显增高(P<0.05或0.01);急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入术后即刻CD62p、CD63和糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体复合物与术前相比明显增高(P<0.01),但术后24h较术前无明显变化(P>0.05)。与健康对照组和稳定型心绞痛组比,急性冠状动脉综合征组假血友病因子、内皮素1的表达水平明显增高(P<0.01),内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和一氧化氮降低(P<0.05或<0.01);急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入术后即刻血浆假血友病因子和内皮素1水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和一氧化氮水平降低(P<0.05),且介入术后24h假血友病因子水平也较术前升高(P<0.05),内皮依赖性血管舒张功能降低(P<0.05),但内皮素1和一氧化氮水平与术前差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论血小板活化和内皮功能的损伤在急性冠状动脉综合征发生和发展过程中起重要的作用,冠状动脉介入术后血管内皮受到一定损伤,血小板有一定程度的激活。     

15种生药提取物抑制痤疮致病菌的活性筛选

目的 :对 15种生药乙醇提取物的体外抑制痤疮致病菌活性进行敏感性测试。方法 :采用最大浓度抑菌试验和最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)比较其抑菌效果。结果 :丁香生药挥发油对痤疮致病菌痤疮短棒菌苗 (P .acne)、金黄色葡萄球菌 (S .aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌 (S .epidermidis)均有强烈的抑制作用 ,厚朴、艾叶油、金银花、蒲公英等有中等程度的抑菌作用。结论 :丁香酚的抑菌效果在所试药物中最好。     

北京市城区四～六年级小学生体力活动现状

目的 了解小学生体力活动模式，为采取有效的措施促进他们积极参加体力活动、制定相关政策和健康目标提供依据。方法 随机选取北京市城区4所小学四～六年小学生453名，采用问卷调查和Caltrac体力活动测量仪收集其上周参加体力活动的情况。结果 男女生经常参加的业余活动依次为上下楼梯、劳动、步行、跑步等，男女生平均每天参加业余体力活动的时间分别为1．30、1．1lh，每天业余体力活动消耗的能量分别为27．89、23．65kJ/kg，每天总体力活动消耗的能量分别为42．17、35．53kJ／kg，每天静坐时间分别为2．00、1．79h，男女生各评价指标之间差异均无显性。结论 男女生经常参加的活动类型大致相同，活动水平接近。     

老年高血压妇女内皮功能、血小板活化状态及雌激素的影响

目的：了解老年高血压妇女内皮功能和血小板活化状态，以及雌激素治疗的影响。方法：已接受降压治疗的78例老年高血压妇女随机分为两组，均继续服用降压药，A组加服尼尔雌醇，B组加服安慰剂，疗程为6个月。治疗前后观察血浆一氧化氮（NO）、血管性血友病因子（vWF)、P选择素（P－selectin)和纤维蛋白原（Fbg)浓度变化。24例健康体检者作为正常对照组。结果：高血压vWF,P-selectin和Fbg显著高于对照组，NO显著低于对照组；治疗后A组vWF和P-selectin显著降低，NO明显升高，与B组比较有显著性差异。结论：已接受降压治疗的老年高血压妇女仍存在内皮损害和血小板活化，尼尔雌醇治疗具有明确的有益作用。     

Two selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists, WAY-100 635 and NDL-249, stimulate locomotion in rats acclimatised to their environment and alter their behaviour: a behavioural analysis

The aim was to study firstly, the motor effects of a new 5-HT_1A antagonist, NDL-249 [(R)-3-(N-cyclopentyl-N-propylamino)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxamide hydrochloride] and of the reference 5-HT_1A antagonist WAY-100 635 [N-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride], in comparison to the 5-HT_1A agonist (±)-8-OH-DPAT [(8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin, hereafter 8-OH-DPAT], in rats acclimatised to the automated activity cages; secondly, to study whether the behavioural effects of NDL-249 and 8-OH-DPAT are sensitive to the 5-HT depleting effects of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA); thirdly, to characterise the nature of the antagonist-induced activation seen in the automatic activity cages with the aid of a behavioural observation analysis; fourthly, to examine the interaction between the 5-HT_1Areceptors mediating the behavioural effects and dopamine (DA) receptors. NDL-249 was found to bind in vitro to rat hippocampal 5-HT_1A receptors with high affinity and selectivity. In second messenger studies, it was devoid of agonist-like effects. In the locomotor activity studies, each antagonist significantly increased the incidence of horizontal activity, peripheral activity and rearing. 8-OH-DPAT, while significantly increasing peripheral and horizontal activities, decreased the incidence of rearing. PCPA blocked the motor effects of NDL-249 but did not affect those of 8-OH-DPAT. Observational analyses indicated that NDL-249 induced significant increases at one or more doses in sniffing, rearing and locomotion together with a significant reduction in stillness. WAY-100 635 significantly increased the incidence of rearing, intense grooming and vacuous chewing. The significant increases in sniffing, grooming and intense grooming and the significant decrease in stillness induced by the DA D₁ agonist, SK&F 38393 [(±)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrochloride], were not altered by concomitant pre-treatment with NDL-249. Pre-treatment of rats with either the DA D₁ antagonist SCH-23390 (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol) or the DA D₂ antagonist, raclopride, blocked the reduced stillness and increased sniffing and rearing induced by NDL-249. In conclusion, 5-HT_1A antagonists including the new selective antagonist, NDL-249, induce mild behavioural activation in rats, which is mediated probably indirectly via DA systems. Received: 3 April 1997/Final version: 23 February 1998     

一种改良的抗氧化活性测定方法

活性氧自由基在生物体内参与生理，病理过程并起重大作用，在筛选和评价抗氧化药物时，越来越需要一种快速，简便，价廉而又可靠的抗氧化活性测定方法，本文发展了一种具备了上述优点新方法，ＳＯＤ（超氧化物歧化酶）及其模拟物的工作已有很多，很多文献报道了其活性一；Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）。本文着重研究了另一个金属辅基，Ｚｎ＾２＋并且发现了Ｚｎ＾２＋独特的，但为人们忽视了的；抗氧化活性加强作用。     

Regional differentiation of sympathetic activity during hypothalamic heating and cooling in anesthetized rabbits

Summary In anesthetized rabbits immobilized with succinyl choline, the discharges of sympathetic efferents supplying cutaneous and visceral regions were simultaneously recorded. The effects of thermal stimulation of the hypothalamic region were tested on the basis of the integrated discharges. During hypothalamic heating cutaneous sympathetic activity decreased, corresponding to increased ear blood flow, while visceral sympathetic activity increased. During hypothalamic cooling there was, on the average, no significant change of regional sympathetic activity. However, in single experimental periods an increase of cutaneous and a decrease of visceral sympathetic activity was found.The observed responses of regional sympathetic activity were compared with findings about regional cutaneous and intestinal blood flow under the same thermal stimulus and further with corresponding former investigations on regional blood flow and regional sympathetic activity during spinal thermal stimulation. It is suggested by this comparison that regional differentiation of sympathetic activity represents a specific thermoregulatory response of the vasomotor system mediated by the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.     

A Multi-Response Analysis of Learned Heart Rate Control

Thirty college students were classified on the basis of cold-pressor blood pressure responses and then randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. One group merely tracked a visual analog display of their heart rate (tracking group). A second group attempted to increase and decrease its heart rate without the visual display (no-feedback group). A third group attempted to increase and decrease their heart rates with the aid of the visual heart rate display (feedback group). Results indicated that the heart rate changes produced by both the feedback and no-feedback groups were significantly greater than those observed in the tracking group. There was no significant difference between the former two groups. Results also demonstrated that high cold-pressor reactors were able to produce significantly larger heart rate changes than the low reactor subjects. A correlational analysis of physiological responses accompanying heart rate change suggested that the response topographies of the high and low cold-pressor reactors differed as well. Finally, results indicated no relationship between coronary-prone personality characteristics, as measured by the Jenkins Activity Scale, and either cold-pressor reactivity or heart rate control performance.