孙发展，无怨无悔干急诊

枣庄市“青年明号”——薛城区人民医院急诊科的先进事迹在薛城区卫生系统人人皆知。然而在这块先进集体匾牌的后面，究竟有多少感人至深的故事?近日，我们带着这个疑问，走近了急诊科大夫孙发展。     

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目的 探讨外伤性十二指肠损伤的处理及影响预后的因素。方法 对1992年1月至2002年月1月收治的32例外伤性十二指肠损伤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 术前确诊19例(59．4％)，漏诊13例(40．6％)；治愈29例(90．6％)，死亡3例(9．4％)；发生并发症9例(28．1％)。十二指肠瘘是主要的并发症。结论 简单而合理的手术方式是治疗十二指肠损伤的重要措施。早期手术，有效的十二指肠减压和术后肠外营养是影响预后的主要因素。     

肿瘤干细胞及黑素瘤干细胞的研究进展

干细胞（stem cell，SC）是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的原始细胞，SC可用于研究增殖、分化、生长、发育、衰老、死亡等最基本的生命现象，还可经体外诱导，用于临床细胞治疗和组织工程材料，为一些目前难治性疾病的治疗带来新的希望。随着对干细胞生理特性认识的深入，发现干细胞与肿瘤细胞有很多共同特点，认为肿瘤很可能是干细胞在长期的自我更新过程中，由于多基因突变导致干细胞生长失去正常调控，而停止在分化的某一阶段无限制增殖所形成的结果，由此提出肿瘤的肿瘤干细胞（cancerstem cells，CSC）学说。目前已在白血病、乳腺癌、脑胶质瘤、黑素瘤等肿瘤中分离出CSC并深入研究了CSC的生物学特性，为肿瘤研究开辟了新的途径，是人类认识肿瘤的一大进步，本文就CSC及黑素瘤干细胞研究的进展做一综述。     

胃良性和恶性病变组织中β-半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素的表达及其临床病理意义

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3(gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and their clinicopathological significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach. Methods EnVisonTM immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive level and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive level were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from specimens of gastric cancer(n=49), peritumoral tissues(n=20), metastastic foci of lymph nodes(n=36), and different types of benign lesions(n=80). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in peritumoral tissues and different types of benign lesions (P<0.05, P<0.01). The positive cases of gal-3 and/or SNA in peritumoral tissues and benign lesions showed mild- to severe-atypical hyperplasia of mucous epithelial cells. No difference was found between the primary foci and metastatic foci in gal-3 and SNA expressions (P>0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly lower in histologic grade Ⅱ, infitrating depth T1,T2 and no-metastasis of regional lymph node than those in histologic grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, infitrating depth T3,T4 and metastasis of lymph node in gastric cancer(P<0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were higher in lymphnede metastatic site N1 and no-metastasis of distant organs than those in lymphnede metastatic site N2, N3 and metastasis of distant organs, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The consistence was found between the expression of gal-3 and SNA in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=6.59,P<0.05). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA may be important molecular markers of lectins for reflecting the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors in gastric cancer.     

新辅助化疗对结直肠癌的作用

目的探讨短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗对结直肠癌细胞凋亡、增殖和p53表达以及术后并发症和预后的影响。方法分别采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）和免疫组化SP法检测68例患者结直肠癌组织的细胞凋亡指数（AI）和ki-67增殖指数（PI）及凋亡相关基因p53的表达,并比较新辅助化疗组和对照组患者术后并发症的发生情况和预后情况。结果新辅助化疗组肿瘤细胞的AI均数为3.56%,明高于对照组的2.29%（P〈0.01）,PI均数为22.60%明显低于对照组的33.60%（P〈0.01）,p53阳性表达率为28.9%（11/38）明显低于对照组的56.7%（17/30）（P〈0.05）。两组中大肠癌细胞的AI与PI均呈负相关（r=-0.790,r=-0.663）（P〈0.01）。两组术后并发症的发生差异无显著性（P〈0.05）。两组的复发转移率和复发转移平均时间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗可以显著诱导结直肠癌细胞凋亡,并抑制其增殖;降低结直肠癌组织p53的阳性表达率,而不增加术后并发症的发生,能延缓和减少结直肠癌术后的复发转移。     

胃良性和恶性病变组织中β-半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素的表达及其临床病理意义

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3(gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and their clinicopathological significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach. Methods EnVisonTM immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive level and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive level were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from specimens of gastric cancer(n=49), peritumoral tissues(n=20), metastastic foci of lymph nodes(n=36), and different types of benign lesions(n=80). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in peritumoral tissues and different types of benign lesions (P<0.05, P<0.01). The positive cases of gal-3 and/or SNA in peritumoral tissues and benign lesions showed mild- to severe-atypical hyperplasia of mucous epithelial cells. No difference was found between the primary foci and metastatic foci in gal-3 and SNA expressions (P>0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly lower in histologic grade Ⅱ, infitrating depth T1,T2 and no-metastasis of regional lymph node than those in histologic grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, infitrating depth T3,T4 and metastasis of lymph node in gastric cancer(P<0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were higher in lymphnede metastatic site N1 and no-metastasis of distant organs than those in lymphnede metastatic site N2, N3 and metastasis of distant organs, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The consistence was found between the expression of gal-3 and SNA in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=6.59,P<0.05). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA may be important molecular markers of lectins for reflecting the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors in gastric cancer.     

广西地区汉族系统性红斑狼疮与HLA-DRB1等位基因相关性研究

系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)是典型的自身免疫性疾病 ,由于因人种、民族、地理环境等因素不同 ,HLA抗原分布可出现较大的差异 ,其与SLE相关的抗原型与基因型亦存在较大差异。我们应用聚合酶链式反应 序列特异性引物 (PCR SSP)技术 ,对广西汉族SLE的HLA DRB1基因进行分型研究。基金项目 :广西科学基金项目 ( 9912 0 41)作者单位 :广西医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科 (郑文军、梁伶、苏家光、刘栋华 ) ,内分泌科 (罗佐杰 ) ;广西医科大学病理生理学教研室 (潘尚领 )通讯作者 :苏家光 ,5 3 0 0 2 1南宁 ,广西医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科 ,Ema…     

动物血来源超氧化物歧化酶的制备及其制剂

 目的：介绍从动物血红细胞制备超氧化物歧化酶的方法及其制剂。方法：根据去除杂蛋白的方法不同，归纳了几种超氧化物歧化酶的制备工艺，并加以评论；介绍了超氧化物歧化酶的现有制剂。结果与结论：制备工艺已基本成熟；利用其不同制剂可以提高其稳定性、增强疗效和改变给药途径，且对某些疾病的治疗发挥独特的作用。     

原发性肝癌组织中PDGF和PDGFR表达及与微血管计数的关系

目的　探讨原发性肝癌组织中血小板衍生生长因子 (PDGF)和血小板衍生生长因子受体 (PDGFR)表达及与微血管计数 (MVC)的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法检测 3 8例原发性肝癌手术切除标本PDGF和PDGFR的表达情况及MVC。结果　PDGF和PDGFR表达阳性率与原发性肝癌病理类型、分化程度、肿块大小、有无包膜及肝硬化程度无明显关系 (P >0 0 5 )而与原发性肝癌门静脉和 /或胆管癌栓形成有关 ,伴癌栓病例PDGF和PDGFR阳性率分别为 76 9%和 76 9% ,不伴癌栓病例阳性率分别为2 5 0 %和 16 7% ,两者比较均有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。阳性表达者MVC明显高于阴性表达者。结论　PDGF和PDGFR表达与原发性肝癌癌栓形成有关 ,可作为评价原发性肝癌预后的重要生物学标记物。研究结果可望为原发肝癌抑血管生成治疗提供实验依据和新线索。