The effects of foot orthosis and low-dye tape on lower limb joint angles and moments during running in individuals with pes planus

BackgroundPes Planus or Flat feet is one of the most common lower limb abnormalities. When runners with this abnormality participate in recreational running, interventional therapies could help in pain alleviation and enhance performance. To determine the most effective treatment, however, a biomechanical examination of the effects of each treatment modality is required.Research questionThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Foot Orthoses (FOs) and Low-Dye Tape (LDT) on lower limb joint angles and moments during running in individuals with pes planus.Methodskinematic and kinetic data of 20 young people with pes planus were measured during running in three conditions: (1) SHOD (2) with shoes and FOs (3) with shoes and LDT. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to investigate the impacts of the FOs and LDT on the lower limb joint angles and moments throughout the stance phase of the running cycle.ResultsThe results showed that FOs reduced ankle eversion compared to SHOD and LDT (P < 0.001) and decreased the dorsiflexion angle (P = 0.005) and the plantarflexor moment compared to the SHOD (P < 0.001). FOs increased knee adduction angle (P = 0.021) and knee external rotator moment (P < 0.001) compared to both conditions and increased knee extensor and abductor moments compared to SHOD (P < 0.001). At the hip joint, FOs only increased hip external rotation compared with the LDT condition (P = 0.031); and LDT increased hip extensor moment compared to SHOD and FOs (P = 0.037) and also increased hip adduction angle compared to SHOD (P = 0.037).SignificanceFOs with a medial wedge appears to increase the external knee adduction moment and knee adduction angles, which are risk factors for the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Further, usage of FOs seems to reduce the ankle joint role in propulsion as it impacts the ankle sagittal angles and moments.     

心脑血管与呼吸疾病就诊人数与气象因素关系

[目的]探讨日均气温、相对湿度和空气压力与医院日心脑血管与呼吸疾病急、门诊就诊人次的相关性.[方法]收集三级甲等医院日呼吸、心脑血管疾病急、门诊就诊人次和该地区日均气温、相对湿度和空气压力的时间序列数据,采用立方平滑样条函数将日均气温、相对湿度和空气压力引入,与医院日呼吸、心脑血管疾病急、门诊就诊人次间建立Poisson广义相加模型,选择最终进入模型的变量,并确定其立方平滑样条函数自由度取值. [结果]医院日呼吸、心脑血管疾病急、门诊就诊人次与气温、相对湿度和空气压力表现出一定的线性相关趋势;当气温＜ 10℃时,气温每升高1℃,就诊总人数增加1.057 217倍,当气温≥10℃,气温每增加1℃,就诊总人数上年同期下降0.990 571 73倍. [结论]气象因素与呼吸、心脑血管疾病急、门诊就诊人次的相关性比较明显.     

合肥市大气污染与肺炎门诊量的时间序列研究

目的探讨大气污染物SO_2、NO_2和PM_(2.5)浓度与合肥市滨湖医院肺炎日门诊量之间的关系。方法采用时间序列分析的广义相加Poisson回归模型,在控制长期趋势、星期几效应和气象因素等混杂因素的影响后,定量分析2014年安徽省合肥市大气污染物SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)日均浓度与滨湖医院肺炎日门诊量的关系及滞后效应。结果单污染物模型中,在控制了长期趋势、星期几效应和气象因素的影响后,SO_2在滞后3、4、5 d(lag3、lag4、lag5)时对肺炎日门诊量的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),NO_2滞后2、3、4、5 d(lag2、lag3、lag4、lag5)时的影响有统计学意义(P0.01),PM_(2.5)滞后3、4 d(lag3、lag4)时的影响有统计学意义(P0.05);SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)的滞后效应分别在lag3、lag2、lag4时最明显,当SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)浓度每升高10μg/m~3时,肺炎日门诊量分别增加1.54%(95%CI:0.28%~2.81%),1.98%(95%CI:0.89%~3.08%)和0.28%(95%CI:0.06%~0.50%)。多污染物模型中,当模型中引入两种或两种以上的污染物后,各污染物对肺炎日门诊量的效应估计值均较单污染物模型降低,但并不改变各污染物与肺炎日门诊量之间的正向关联。结论合肥市大气污染物SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)浓度升高可能引起医院肺炎日门诊量增加,且有一定的滞后效应。     

季节性求和自回归移动平均模型在北京市房山区感染性腹泻发病趋势预测中的应用

目的 构建北京市房山区感染性腹泻发病的季节性求和自回归移动平均(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average,SARIMA)模型并进行预测。方法 应用R 3.0.1软件程序包中的TSA对2004-2013年房山区感染性腹泻月发病率构建模型,并对2014年各月感染性腹泻月发病率进行预测和评价。结果 SARIMA(0, 0, 2)(0, 1, 1)12模型较好地拟合既往时间段月发病率,对2014年发病趋势拟合平均相对误差为19.164%,对年发病率拟合平均相对误差为2.303%。结论 SARIMA(0, 0, 2)(0, 1, 1)12模型能够很好拟合感染性腹泻月发病率数据,可用于房山区感染性腹泻发病趋势的短期预测,为下一步采取针对性防控措施提供科学依据。     

Intraindividual analysis of instantaneous heart rate variability

We examined the use and potential of quantifying instantaneous heart rate variability (HRV) using a joint time-frequency and time-domain methods. These new techniques are promising, because they provide tools to quantify nonstationary, beat-by-beat changes in HRV components, and are therefore flexible with respect to the design of experimental protocols. A smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) and a time-domain index using polynomial filtering produced fairly coherent estimates of band-specific HRV amplitudes, whereas SPWVD yielded additional information on the frequency characteristics of HRV. Instantaneous HRV appeared to have a complex and a frequency-specific relationship to cardiac activity and electrodermal activity, It is concluded that the time-frequency analysis of HRV is a very promising method for mapping transient changes in the frequency and amplitude characteristics of cardiac dynamics.     

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Outpatient Visits for Acute Bronchitis in a Chinese City

Objective To investigate the short-term association between outdoor air pollution and outpatient visits for acute bronchitis,which is a rare subject of research in the mainland of China.Methods A time-series analysis was conducted to examine the association of outdoor air pollutants with hospital outpatient visits in Shanghai by using two-year daily data(2010-2011).Results Outdoor air pollution was found to be associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for acute bronchitis in Shanghai.The effect estimates of air pollutants varied with the lag structures of the concentrations of the pollutants.For lag06,a 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentrations of PM10,SO2,and NO2 corresponded to 0.94%(95% CI:0.83%,1.05%),11.12%(95% CI:10.76%,11.48%),and 4.84%(95% CI:4.49%,5.18%) increases in hospital visits for acute bronchitis,respectively.These associations appeared to be stronger in females(P0.05).Between-age differences were significant for SO2(P0.05),and between-season differences were also significant for SO2(P0.05).Conclusion Our analyses have provided the first evidence that the current air pollution level in China has an effect on acute bronchitis and that the rationale for further limiting air pollution levels in Shanghai should be strengthened.     

Influenza A and B epidemic criteria based on time-series analysis of health services surveillance data

Many countries now have epidemiological surveillance systems using health services-based indicators that allow detection of influenza epidemics. However, there is no accepted criterion for defining an influenza epidemic. An epidemic criterion has been developed, based on a time-series analysis of health services-based indicators collected on a weekly basis by a surveillance network implemented in the Paris region since 1984: the Groupe Régional d'Observation de la Grippe (GROG). For each new season, an epidemic threshold is independently defined for each health services-based indicator as the upper limit of the one-sided confidence interval of the expected value calculated from the weekly differences between the observed number of events and those predicted by a SARIMA model fitted on the non-epidemic data of previous seasons. Epidemic criteria for influenza A and B are then defined from the combination of both viral indicators and epidemic thresholds of individual health services-based indicators. Among health indicators, sick-leave data collected from GP's or the Health Insurance system, emergency home medical visits, and influenza-like-illness reported by GP's are the most sensitive indicators for the early recognition of epidemics. The exceeding of the above mentioned thresholds combined with virological data allows the specific detection of influenza A or B epidemics. This time-series method of analysing surveillance data provides early and reliable recognition of these epidemics.     

大气颗粒物质量浓度与四川大学华西医院非意外创伤急诊人次的时间序列研究

目的 分析大气颗粒物（PM_2.5和PM₁₀）质量浓度对医院非意外创伤急诊人次的短期效应,探讨大气颗粒物对人群健康的急性危害。方法 采用广义相加模型分析2014～2016年成都市区大气污染物质量浓度对四川大学华西医院非意外创伤急诊人次的短期效应,并在不同年龄组（<65岁组和≥65岁组）中进行分层分析。结果 2014年1月1日至2016年11月30日期间成都市区大气颗粒物PM_2.5和PM₁₀的年平均质量浓度分别为66.47 μg/m3和109.35 μg/m3。在非意外创伤急诊全人群中,大气颗粒物的健康效应在滞后1 d时最大,PM_2.5和PM₁₀的日均质量浓度每增加10 μg/m3,急诊人次数分别增加0.634%（95%CI: 0.273%~0.997%）和0.413%（95%CI: 0.166%~0.660%）。在≥65岁组中,调整全部气态污染物（SO₂+NO₂+CO+O3）的影响后, PM_2.5和PM₁₀的日均质量浓度每增加10 μg/m3,滞后1 d的急诊人次数分别增加1.439%（95%CI:0.599%~2.287%）和 1.150%（95%CI:0.566%~1.738%）。结论 大气颗粒物质量浓度升高与非意外创伤急诊人次数呈正相关,且存在滞后效应,对65岁以上老年人群健康的急性损害较大。