A Simple Computational Theory of General Collective Intelligence

Researchers have recently demonstrated that group performance across tasks tends to be correlated, motivating the use of a single metric for the general collective intelligence of groups akin to general intelligence metrics for individuals. High general collective intelligence is achieved when a group performs well across a wide variety of tasks. A number of factors have been shown to be predictive of general collective intelligence, but there is sparse formal theory explaining the presence of correlations across tasks, betraying a fundamental gap in our understanding of what general collective intelligence is measuring. Here, we formally argue that general collective intelligence arises from groups achieving commitment to group goals, accurate shared beliefs, and coordinated actions. We then argue for the existence of generic mechanisms that help groups achieve these cognitive alignment conditions. The presence or absence of such mechanisms can potentially explain observed correlations in group performance across tasks. Under our view, general collective intelligence can be conceived as measuring group performance on classes of tasks that have particular combinations of cognitive alignment requirements.     

2018年某院辅助用药重点监控品种使用情况分析

目的 对西安医学院附属宝鸡医院排名前10位的辅助用药重点监控品种的使用情况进行分析，为加强辅助用药的监管和促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法 通过医院信息系统将2018年重点监控药品的科室分布、销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、日均费用（DDC）和药品排序比（B/A）进行统计分析，并对其使用合理性进行医嘱点评分析。结果 重点监控品种使用科室大多与其科室疾病谱相符。销售金额排序前3位依次为小牛血清去蛋白注射液、丹参川芎嗪注射液和醒脑静注射液；按DDDs排序前3位依次为丹参川芎嗪注射液、小牛血清去蛋白注射液、腺苷钴胺注射液；按DDC排序前3位依次为醒脑静注射液、小牛血清去蛋白注射液、转化糖电解质注射液；鹿瓜多肽注射液、注射用硫辛酸、舒血宁注射液和注射用血栓通的B/A接近1。不合理应用集中表现在适应症不适宜、给药剂量不规范，构成比分别为59.41%、16.01%。结论 西安医学院附属宝鸡医院重点监控药品管理工作初见成效，但仍需采取积极有效的监管措施进一步促进重点监控药品的合理使用。     

Traverser l’institution de soins au temps fragile de l’adolescence

By exposing on the institutional level the sufferings of his present, the adolescent talks to us about his history, the damaged, destroyed or uninhabited links which mark out his life trajectory and arise in this “meantime” of his existence in so many painful shards in the internal world of his psyche and in the body. During their journey through the care institution, we work with these adolescents and their families, in this space-time, on what could help to reduce the internal breaking lines so that they can again start moving their subjective capacities to think and act in the world. Our work ethic is based on the specific capacity of each institutional actor to deploy his/her containing psychic envelopes around young patients; symbolized deployment of the containing function by the time to think about the care for the caregiver, the time to consent to it in a safe way for the adolescent, then for the latter the time once again acceptable to explore the field of possibilities.     

我国医疗保险谈判机制文献研究现状

目的:总结当前我国医疗保险谈判机制研究的内容与重点,系统地描述我国医疗保险谈判机制的研究现状。方法:采用文献分析法,以"医疗保险谈判"和"医保谈判"作为检索词,从中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库三大文献检索库中检索2009年1月-2013年12月期间关于我国医疗保险谈判机制的文献,采用定性与定量研究相结合的方法分析我国医疗保险谈判机制的研究现状。结果:共检索到56篇文献,其中学术论文30篇,专题报道21篇,研究生学位论文4篇,博士学位论文1篇。关于医疗保险谈判机制的文献研究数量逐渐增多,内容逐渐丰富。结论:由于医疗保险谈判机制研究的时间短,文献少,研究方法单一,定性论述研究深度不够,理论运用不够全面,研究领域和内容有待拓展,医疗保险谈判体系构建有待进一步完善。     

Screening for cervical cancer: What are the determinants among adults with disabilities living in institutions? Findings from a National Survey in France

ObjectivesTo explore the rate and determinants of the likelihood of cervical cancer screening participation among disabled women living in institutions in France.MethodsThe data source was the French national Health and Disability Survey—Institutions Section, 2009. Disability severity was assessed by scoring mobility and cognitive limitations. Chi-square tests revealed the significant factors associated with the screening rates; these factors were used in a multivariate logistic regression of Pap-test use within the 3 years prior to the interview (n = 1052, women aged 20–65 years living in institutions for disabled adults).ResultsThe cervical cancer screening rate was particularly low in this population. After adjusting for all other covariates, women with more severe degrees of mobility or cognitive limitations had a lower likelihood of receiving a Pap test. Our findings also showed that being socially isolated, illiterate or underweight significantly decreased screening participation.ConclusionEven in institutions, disability severity remains a barrier to cancer screening. Given the increasing prevalence of disabling conditions and cancers, and the lack of previous studies on this specific topic, our findings are highly important from a policy point of view. These findings should alert health authorities to increase their efforts to provide medical care for institutionalized people with disabilities.     

Antipodean forensics: a comment on ANZFSS’s response to PCAST

Recently, one of the world’s leading scientific and technical advisory groups, the U.S. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (or PCAST), published an assessment of the research supporting several forensic science procedures in regular use. PCAST was particularly interested in pattern recognition or comparison procedures, specifically: simple and mixed DNA profiles; bite marks; latent fingerprints; firearms; footwear; and hair analysis. In its report and recommendations PCAST emphasised the primacy of validation. In response, the Council of the Australian and New Zealand Forensic Science Society produced a short statement suggesting that the PCAST report has limited application to forensic science in Australia and New Zealand. This short commentary offers an alternative perspective.