中医心理咨询、治疗的基本原理及过程

本文旨在通过探讨<黄帝内经>关于人的基本观点和对心理咨询、心理治疗的经典论述包含的基本原理和过程,发现人的自我实现的本质是人在不同层次上的感知控制体的活动,可分为认知评价、概念自我评价、机体直接评价.概念自我评价和机体直接评价到10岁发展完成,认知评价在10岁以后继续发展.所形成的概念自我评价与机体直接评价之间不一致导致各种心理困扰.弱化概念自我评价反应,强化机体直接评价反应,使二者恢复或保持一致的治疗原理和方法 是咨谈式心理治疗的普遍原则.具体过程由建立治疗关系,治疗动作,验证治疗效果3个操作过程来完成.     

医院感染防控绩效评价体系构建研究

目的建立契合医院感染防控实际的绩效评价体系,用于科学评价医院感染防控工作。方法应用头脑风暴法、文献荟萃法等建立指标池,通过咨询专家组完成指标的筛选、层次构建、评价和权重计算。结果成功构建医院感染防控绩效评价体系,包含一级指标3个、二级指标17个、三级指标27个。咨询信度Cronbach's α系数为0.901,内容效度指数为 0.800～1.000。结论构建的医院感染防控绩效评价体系可对医院感染管理工作进行科学、客观地评价。     

Concordance of second opinion diagnosis in salivary gland cytopathology: experience from a single academic institution

Interpretation of fine needle aspiration (FNA) material from salivary gland lesions has high interobserver variability due to the heterogenous and overlapping cytological features of various lesions. For this reason, second opinion consultation may play an important role in guiding appropriate clinical management for challenging cases. We aimed to report our experience with salivary gland cytology consultation cases at our academic center. Consecutive salivary gland FNA cases received from outside institutions for second opinion consultation between 2013 and 2022 were reviewed. Cases were divided into true consults (diagnostic assistance sought) or confirming consults (reviewed by in-house cytopathologists for patients being transferred to our institution for treatment). All diagnoses were re-classified using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC). Discordance between reclassified consult diagnostic categories and preliminary diagnostic categories was recorded. Consultation resulted in a change in the diagnostic category in 15% of confirming and 18% of true consult cases. The overall distribution of diagnostic categories provided by outside pathologists was similar to consult diagnoses. Only 4 (5.4%) confirming and 3 (5.5%) true consult cases had major diagnostic discrepancies, which may impact the clinical treatment. Moderate interobserver variability is often expected with salivary gland FNA. However, in our consultation practice, we found a relatively high degree of concordance between submitting and consult diagnoses utilizing the MSRSGC.     

Trends in presentation of congenital heart disease in a population-based study in Malta

Differing pathological haemodynamics in cardiac malformations lead to varying modes and timings of presentation. This study identifies historical trends in presentation of congenital heart disease in a population-based study. All patients diagnosed as having congenital heart disease in Malta between 1960–1994 were included (n = 868). Analysis was carried out on trends in referral sources, modes of presentation and birth prevalence. The number of patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease increased over the period under study. For both patients not requiring intervention (n = 283) and those requiring intervention (n=585), the proportion diagnosed prior to hospital discharge increased (p 0.005). There was a decreasing trend for general practitioners to refer cases (p < 0.0001), and an increasing trend for paediatricians to refer such patients (p 0.0003). The commonest presentation to the general practitioner was an incidental finding (92%), while paediatricians referred more patients for cyanosis or heart failure (p 0.005). For lesions not requiring intervention, the commonest lesion referred was ventricular septal defect from all sources. For lesions requiring intervention, the commonest lesion detected prior to hospital discharge was tetralogy of Fallot. Atrial septal defects were the commonest lesions detected after discharge by both paediatricians and general practitioners. An increase in the proportion of hospital diagnoses is attributed to increasing rate of hospital delivery, and greater training and experience in doctors performing neonatal examinations prior to discharge. Patients diagnosed after discharge are increasingly diagnosed by paediatricians due to an increasing pool of paediatricians and better parent awareness and education.     

山西省严重急性呼吸综合征就诊与诊断及时性分析

目的　分析山西省严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)就诊的及时性以及临床诊断情况 ,对临床就治水平做出评估。方法　用疫情资料、临床上报资料等对患者发病、就诊、住院时间以及医院诊断为 SARS可疑病例、临床确诊病例的时间进行统计分析。结果　病人从发病到就诊的平均天数为 2 .6 4 d,就诊到住院的平均天数为0 .94 d;从住院到做出疑似诊断平均 1.2 4 d,从疑似诊断到临床诊断的平均天数为 5 .2 3d;住院到临床诊断的平均天数为 5 .37d。结论　随着时间的推移 ,社会人群对 SARS危害性的认识在不断提高 ,病人发病后就诊、住院的时间以及医院对收治病人后做出诊断所用的时间越来越短 ,且临床就治水平在不断提高 ,病死率仅为 5 .36 % ,低于全国平均水平。     

The triage-function of a psychosomatic liaison-service for gynecological patients

The psychosomatic psychotherapeutic consultation liaison (CL)-service for gynecological patients at the Vienna University has been evaluated. Research interest focused on success and failure of the initial interview, conceptualized for a specific clientele. The interview has a triage function for treatment planning. By the type of treatment that was applied, patients were divided into three groups: Group A, patients with one single contact with the unit; Group B, patients who were referred to external psychotherapy; Group C, patients who were treated with short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy as offered by the service unit. The drop-outs figured as Group D. The questionnaires completed by the patients at the first consultation and 6 months after their final contact with the clinic covered socio-demographic data, ego functions; the motivation for psychotherapy, a complaints list and finally, at the second contact only, an individual retrospective judgement concerning personal consequences of the consultation. Patients needs in CL-seruices call for quick decisions, which therapeutic measure would be most adequate. An experienced clinician's decision is based on several circumstances: individual feeling of suffering therapy-motivation and ego-strength, as well as social and demographic facts. Comparing groups with different therapeutic recommendations showed that the psychometric tests discriminated well between these four groups and thus the validity of the clinical recommendation has been confirmed.     

Supervision of Supervision: How Many Mirrors Do We Need?

This paper explores the purpose and process of supervision of supervision and considers reservations about its usefulness. Relevant research which might inform the use of supervision of supervision is described and discussed. Three vignettes explore how a relational model of supervision of supervision can support supervisors when the supervision relationship is in trouble; in the examples of group supervision the group dynamics are considered. The three dyads involved in the supervisory chain are discussed in terms of their couple dynamics. The role of holding and containing by both the supervisor and the consultant are discussed.     

压力性损伤居家老年患者医院-社区-家庭三元联动护理实践

总结压力性损伤居家老年患者医院-社区-家庭三元联动护理实践经验。护理要点包括：明确医院及社区职责,成立医院-社区联动护理合作团队,加强组织管理;加强社区医护人员培训,提高伤口管理能力;制订压力性损伤居家老年患者评估记录单,提高社区医护人员伤口评估能力;及时会诊,指导社区医护人员进行伤口管理;建立医院-社区双向转诊,实施分级治疗;加强多学科协作,促进伤口愈合;开展延续性居家护理,提高患者及其照护者配合治疗、护理的依从性。经医院-社区-家庭三元联动护理,30例压力性损伤居家老年患者中,治愈26例,好转4例,治愈率达86.67%。