ImmunoPET imaging of hematological malignancies: From preclinical promise to clinical reality

Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging is a paradigm-shifting imaging technique for whole-body and all-lesion tumor detection, based on the combined specificity of tumor-targeting vectors [e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nanobodies, and bispecific antibodies] and the sensitivity of PET imaging. By noninvasively, comprehensively, and serially revealing heterogeneous tumor antigen expression, immunoPET imaging is gradually improving the theranostic prospects for hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the available literature regarding immunoPET in imaging hematological malignancies. We also highlight the pros and cons of current conjugation strategies, and modular chemistry that can be leveraged to develop novel immunoPET probes for hematological malignancies. Lastly, we discuss the use of immunoPET imaging in guiding antibody drug development.     

2035年中国入围科技期刊“世界第一方阵”:基础、差距与推进思路

【目的】 在“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”实施三周年之际,有必要对我国科技期刊2035年迈入“世界第一方阵”目标的具体任务进行重新审视和预判,以进一步明确发展方向,动态调整推进思路。【方法】 采用国内外科技期刊、科技论文、科技期刊评价成果的系统性发展数据对科技期刊“世界第一方阵” 国家(或地区)在高水平科技期刊数量与质量层面的入围标准进行界定,在深入总结现有基础和优势的同时,对我国科技期刊综合实力与“世界第一方阵”国家(或地区)的现实差距进行逐一梳理和剖析,并对实现目标的可行性和推进思路进行研判和设计。【结果】 必须继续加强高水平英文科技期刊创办和培育力度、持续加大优秀中文科技期刊的建设强度、快速推进国内外科技期刊论文等质同效评价制度的建设与引导,并积极探索建立科学家和科研机构办好一流科技期刊的责任制度和贡献激励机制、创新发展编辑人才队伍培养与激励管理思路、深入实践灵活多样的期刊出版市场资本运作模式、稳步推进期刊出版市场机制和管理制度改革,为我国科技期刊事业的高质量发展提速增效。【结论】 虽然当前阶段目标任务艰巨,但迈入“世界第一方阵”未来可期。     

Derivation of occupational exposure limits: Differences in methods and protection levels

Frameworks for deriving occupational exposure limits (OELs) and OEL-analogue values (such as derived-no-effect levels [DNELs]) in various regulatory areas in the EU and at national level in Germany were analysed. Reasons for differences between frameworks and possible means of improving transparency and harmonisation were identified. Differences between assessment factors used for deriving exposure limits proved to be one important reason for diverging numerical values. Distributions for exposure time, interspecies and intraspecies extrapolation were combined by probabilistic methods and compared with default values of assessment factors used in the various OEL frameworks in order to investigate protection levels. In a subchronic inhalation study showing local effects in the respiratory tract, the probability that assessment factors were sufficiently high to protect 99% and 95% of the target population (workers) from adverse effects varied considerably from 9% to 71% and 17% to 87%, respectively, between the frameworks. All steps of the derivation process, including the uncertainty associated with the point of departure (POD), were further analysed with two examples of full probabilistic assessments. It is proposed that benchmark modelling should be the method of choice for deriving PODs and that all OEL frameworks should provide detailed guidance documents and clearly define their protection goals by stating the proportion of the exposed population the OEL aims to cover and the probability with which they intend to provide protection from adverse effects. Harmonisation can be achieved by agreeing on the way to perform the methodological steps for deriving OELs and on common protection goals.     

我国老年人认知水平变化轨迹及其分化

目的 探究影响我国老年人认知水平的变化趋势，分离出年龄、队列效应。方法 基于CLHLS（2002—2018）多重队列追踪数据，以Stata16.0软件为工具，运用分层生长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果 本研究发现，个体行为生活方式、社会经济地位、性别、慢性病数量对认知水平均具有统计学意义；年龄、队列对认知水平的变化具有独立效应；随着年龄的增长，我国老年人认知水平下降，认知水平的城乡、性别差异明显；较年轻出生队列的老年人认知水平较好，认知水平的城乡差异随着队列的年轻化而变大，性别差异在较年轻队列有略微缩小的趋势。结论 影响认知水平因素复杂，认知障碍会增加医疗成本及照护负担，因此需准确把握老年认知水平的变化规律与作用路径，从而为卫生服务、养老保障、长期医疗照护的资源配置提供科学依据。     

2型糖尿病中个性化综合饮食护理的应用效果

目的观察2型糖尿病患者中个性化综合饮食护理的应用效果。方法选择本院2018年1月—2018年12月接收的80例2型糖尿病患者实施此次研究,根据随机数字表法分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。观察组使用个性化综合饮食护理,对照组使用常规护理措施,比较两组患者临床效果。结果观察组依从性为95.00%,对照组为80.00%(P<0.05)。两组护理前餐后2 h后血糖含量、糖化血红蛋白水平及空腹血糖含量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组护理后餐后2 h后血糖含量、糖化血红蛋白水平及空腹血糖含量均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将个性化综合饮食护理用于2型糖尿病患者治疗中。     

评价消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗湿疹效果及价值

目的:探讨评价消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗湿疹效果及价值。方法:选择2017年5—12月治疗湿疹的患者54例作为对象,随机数字表分为对照组(27例)和观察组(27例)。对照组给予常规盐酸西替利嗪片治疗的方法,观察组采用消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗,15 d后对两组治疗方法的患者血清白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-4、γ-干扰素(γ-Interferon,IFN-γ)水平和临床治疗效果进行评估,比较两组湿疹患者体内的血清IL-4、IFN-γ含量以及患者治愈、显效、好转、无效以及总有效率的情况。结果:治疗前后两组患者IL-4、IFN-γ差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经15 d治疗后,观察组血清IL-4、IFN-γ水平相较于对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组患者总有效率高于对照组,临床治疗效果显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:将消风散合黄连解毒汤治疗用于湿疹,相较于盐酸西替利嗪片治疗,患者血清水平更佳,临床疗效更好,值得推广应用。     

Effect of recent seasonal influenza vaccination on serum antibody responses to candidate pandemic influenza A/H5N1 vaccines: A meta-analysis

Recent studies have suggested that among those receiving seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV), reduced immunogenicity is observed in recently vaccinated (RV; within the past season or 2) persons when compared with those not recently vaccinated (NRV). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of recent immunization with SIV on serum H5 hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses after influenza A/H5N1 vaccination using data from a series of randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was seroconversion measured by HAI assays following receipt of 2 doses of H5N1 vaccine. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of serum HAI antibody after vaccination was the secondary outcome. Analyses were performed using propensity score (PS) matching. The PS for each individual in the meta-analysis cohort was calculated using logistic regression and covariates included age, gender, race, antigen dose, adjuvant, statin use and vaccine manufacturer. 2015 subjects enrolled in 7 clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis cohort; among these, 915 (45%) were RV. 901 RV subjects were matched (1:1) with replacement to a subject who was NRV. Subjects who received SIV within the previous season were significantly less likely to seroconvert following H5N1 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio 0.76; 95%CI 0.60–0.96; p = 0.024), and the GMT was 18% higher among NRV subjects (GM ratio of HAI antibody 1.18; 95%CI 1.04–1.33; p = 0.008). Further work is needed to better define the effects of, and mechanisms contributing to, reduced immune responses to H5N1 vaccine among RV subjects.     

美国新药技术成熟度评价研究

目的研究提出适合我国新药研发和药品安全管理的技术成熟度评价机制。方法借鉴美国新药研发技术成熟度等级(biomedical technology readiness level,BTRL)评价标准与方法,结合我国新药研发、监管和产业化特点,提出我国成熟度评价等级和指标,并在重大新药创制科技重大专项研发管理中开展探索分析。结果与结论探索建立我国化学药和生物制品技术成熟度评价等级标准,将为我国新药研发科研项目和保障药品安全提供管理与评估工具,为其他行业领域提供参考借鉴。